data structures and algorithms books for bca

... Subprogram implementation  Recursion  Designing recursive algorithms  Recursion removal  Backtracking  Examples of backtracking and recursive algorithms:  Factorial  Fibonacci  The towers of ... The recursive definition and recursive solution can be both concise and elegant  The computational details can require keeping track of many partial computations before the process is complete... ... problem all the way to the base case 30 Designing Recursive Algorithms 31 Designing Recursive Algorithms 32 Designing Recursive Algorithms 33 Fibonacci Numbers 34 Fibonacci Numbers 35 Fibonacci

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 17:20

... (ref<void>Operation(ref Data <DataType>)) <void> inOrderTraverse (ref<void>Operation(ref Data <DataType>)) <void> postOrderTraverse (ref<void>Operation(ref Data <DataType>)) ... <pointer>, val DataIn <DataType>) 1 if (subroot is NULL) 1 Allocate subroot 2 subroot ->data = DataIn 3 return success 2 else if (DataIn key < subroot ->data.key) 1 return ... <pointer>, val DataIn <DataType>) 1 if (subroot is NULL) 1 Allocate subroot 2 subroot ->data = DataIn 3 return success 2 else if (DataIn key < subroot ->data.key) 1 return

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 17:20

... <integer> data <array of <DataType>> branch <array of <pointer>> Trang 21Methods and FunctionsTrang 22B-Tree SeachTree22 <ErrorCode> SearchTree (ref target <DataType>) ... val newData <DataType>, ref median <DataType>, ref rightBranch <pointer>) (cont.) 2 // else, local variables: extraEntry, extraBranch 1 if (SearchNode ( subroot , newData , ... if (position < subroot->count ) AND ( target = subroot->dataposition) 1 return success 4 else 1 return not_present End SearchNode Trang 25Methods and FunctionsTrang 26B-Tree Insertion26

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 17:20

... for handling data organized as a list Although those data structures helped us group the data in a convenient form for processing, neither structure provides a real abstraction for actually ... demonstrate how the three algorithms perform with both smaller data sets and larger data sets. The timing tests are run for ar- ray sizes of 100 elements, 1,000 elements, and 10,000 elements. Here’s ... none of these algorithms is ideal for sorting large data sets There are sorting algorithms, though, that can handle large data sets more efficiently We’ll examine their design and use in

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... and retrieval, they perform poorly for operations that involve searching, such asfinding the minimum or maximum value For these types of operations, otherdata structures are preferred (see, for ... E R 1 0Hashing and the Hashtable Class Hashing is a very common technique for storing data in such a way that the data can be inserted and retrieved very quickly Hashing uses a data structure ... it’s hard to tell with such asmall data set SEARCHING FOR DATA IN A HASH TABLE To search for data in a hash table, we need to compute the hash value of thekey and then access that element in the

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... Fundamental Algorithms. Other books you might consult for more information include Data Struc- tures with C++,byFord and Topp (1996), and, if you’re interested in Java implementations (and you should ... number of children to two, we can write efficient programs for inserting data, deleting data, and searching for data in a binary tree. Before we discuss building a binary tree in VB.NET, we need ... Console.Write(iData) End Sub End Class We include Public data members for the data stored in the node and for each child node The displayNode method allows us to display the data stored

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... prefer using a class for the data so that we can easily change the data type of the data being stored in the heap if we need to Here’s the code for the Node class: Class Node Public data As Integer ... 1 a Node class used to hold data for each node in the tree and 2 the AVLTree class, which contains the methods for inserting nodes and rotating nodes The Node class for an AVL tree implementation ... its performance is acceptable even for data sets in the tens of thousands of elements The MergeSort algorithm exemplifies a recursive algorithm This algorithm works by breaking up the data set

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... Leiserson, Charles E., Rivest, Ronald L., and CliffordStein Introduction to Algorithms Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2001 Ford, William and William Topp Data Structures with C++ Upper Saddle ... starts at the bottom and builds dy-on those results until the final solutidy-on is reached Greedy algorithms look for solutions as quickly as possible and then stopbefore looking for all possible ... California: O’Reilly and Associates, 1997 Knuth, Donald E., The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 1, Fundamental Algorithms Reading, Massachusetts: Addison Wesley, 1998. LaFore, Robert Data Structures

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... an integer, and it provides several operations for accessing this data, including methods for converting it into other number types, for converting it to a string of digits, and for converting ... patterns in this book, and we show how they can be consistently applied to implementations of data structures and algorithms These design patterns fall into two groups—patterns for solving algorithm ... object o is for p to Trang 5send a "message" to o that invokes one of o's methods, for example, for o to print a description of itself, for o to convert itself to a string, or for o to

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:21

... "good" data structures and algorithms Simply put, a data structure is a systematic way of organizing and accessing data, and an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for performing some ... and again in the analysis of data structures and algorithms is the summation, which is defined as follows: , Trang 35where a and b are integers and a ≤ b Summations arise in data structure and ... adds in its value, and returns this partial sum to the call for 3, and so on, until the call for n − 1 returns its partial sum to the call for n Figure 3.24: Recursion trace for an execution of

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:21

... straightforward to do in O(1) time, if we use sentinel nodes for the header and trailer For an insertion of a new element e, we can have access to the node p before the place e should go and the ... the standard format for hyperlinked documents on the Internet In an HTML document, portions of text are delimited by HTML tags A simple opening HTML tag has the form "<name>" and ... 5.11 and 5.12, we give a Java program for matching tags in an HTML document read from standard input For simplicity, we assume that all tags are the simple opening or closing tags defined above and

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:21

... viewing data structures as collections (and other principles of object- oriented design) can be found in object-oriented design books by Booch [14], Budd [17], Golberg and Robson [40], and Liskov and ... structures in computing—trees. Tree structures are indeed a breakthrough in data organization, for they allow us to implement a host of algorithms much faster than when using linear data structures, ... provide a natural organization for data, and consequently have become ubiquitous structures in file systems, graphical user interfaces, databases, Web sites, and other computer systems.

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:21

... sufficiently random for our analysis. The main advantage of using randomization in data structure and algorithm design is that the structures and methods that result are usually simple and efficient. ... 9.4.1 Search and Update Operations in a Skip List The skip list structure allows for simple dictionary search and update algorithms. In fact, all of the skip list search and update algorithms ... table inappropriate for implementing the dictionary, because neither of these data structures maintains any ordering information for the keys in. .. methods above(p) and prev(p) are not

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:21

... the data structures discussed in this chapter are extensively covered by Knuth in his Sorting and Searching book [63], and by Mehlhorn in [74] AVL trees are due to Adel'son-Vel'skii and Landis ... trees, and hashing are described in Knuth's Sorting and Searching [63] book Average-height analyses for binary search trees can be found in the books by Aho, Hopcroft, and Ullman [5] and Cormen, ... tree and convert it into its corresponding (2,4) tree and can take any (2,4) tree and convert it into its corresponding red-black tree P-10.9 Perform an experimental study to compare the performance

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:22

... over the Internet, and to display documents on printers and computer screens For example, the Internet document formats HTML and XML are primarily text formats, with added tags for multimedia content ... Hopcroft, and Ullman [5] The standard quick-sort algorithm is due to Hoare [49] More information about randomization, including Chernoff bounds, can be found in the appendix and the book by Motwani and ... us refer to any substring of the form P [0 i], for 0 ≤ i ≤ m −1, as a prefix of P, and any substring of the form P[i m − 1], for 0 ≤ i ≤ m − 1, as a suffix of P For example, if we again take P

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:22

... "good" data structures and algorithms Simply put, a data structure is a systematic way of organizing and accessing data, and an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for performing some ... and again in the analysis of data structures and algorithms is the summation, which is defined as follows: , Trang 35where a and b are integers and a ≤ b Summations arise in data structure and ... adds in its value, and returns this partial sum to the call for 3, and so on, until the call for n − 1 returns its partial sum to the call for n Figure 3.24: Recursion trace for an execution of

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 06:22

... sufficiently random for our analysis The main advantage of using randomization in data structure and algorithm design is that the structures and methods that result are usually simple and efficient ... 9.4.1 Search and Update Operations in a Skip List The skip list structure allows for simple dictionary search and update algorithms In fact, all of the skip list search and update algorithms are ... entries with keys −∞ and +∞) • For i = 1, , h − 1, list Si contains (in addition to −∞ and +∞) a randomly generated subset of the entries in list S i−1 • List Sh contains only −∞ and +∞ Trang 6An

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 06:22

... the data structures discussed in this chapter are extensively covered by Knuth in his Sorting and Searching book [63], and by Mehlhorn in [74] AVL trees are due to Adel'son-Vel'skii and Landis ... trees, and hashing are described in Knuth's Sorting and Searching [63] book Average-height analyses for binary search trees can be found in the books by Aho, Hopcroft, and Ullman [5] and Cormen, ... tree and convert it into its corresponding (2,4) tree and can take any (2,4) tree and convert it into its corresponding red-black tree P-10.9 Perform an experimental study to compare the performance

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 06:22

... over the Internet, and to display documents on printers and computer screens For example, the Internet document formats HTML and XML are primarily text formats, with added tags for multimedia content ... Hopcroft, and Ullman [5] The standard quick-sort algorithm is due to Hoare [49] More information about randomization, including Chernoff bounds, can be found in the appendix and the book by Motwani and ... us refer to any substring of the form P [0 i], for 0 ≤ i ≤ m −1, as a prefix of P, and any substring of the form P[i m − 1], for 0 ≤ i ≤ m − 1, as a suffix of P For example, if we again take P

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 06:22

... Trang 1Data Structures and Algorithmswith Object-Oriented Design Patterns in Java Trang 3Data Structures and Algorithmswith Object-Oriented Design Patterns ... Patterns and Problem Solvers 419 14.1 Brute-Force and Greedy Algorithms 419 14.2 Backtracking Algorithms 422 14.3 Top-Down Algorithms: Divide-and-Conquer 431 14.4 Bottom-Up Algorithms: ... Θ(·), and o(·)) and develops the asymptotic properties of polynomials and logarithms Chapter 4 introduces the foundational data structures—the array and the linked list Virtually all the data structures

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2015, 11:26