chapter 6  making money by hosting advertising

... Decision Making Underlying Issues  Stakeholder Analysis  Complicating Factors  Sustainable Decision Making Process Trang 7Develop Alternative Reponses Basic Alternative Reponses  Programmed Decisions ... 10Choose The Appropriate Alternative Goal Consensus  Available Knowledge  Uncertainty  Decision Making Methods (Rational Choice, Political, Selective, Administrative) Trang 11Goal Consensus, ... Information Distortion  Factors That Influence The Appropriate Level of Participation in Decisions Making and  Implementation  Administrative Inertia Trang 19Resistance, Escalation and Information

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2020, 23:46

... the end result of actions and the goodness or happiness created by them  Obligation theories: Emphasize the means and motives by which actions Trang 8Considers acts as morally right or acceptable ... with those who are harmed by their actions.) 3 Denial of the victim (The offender is playing tit-for-tat and claims to be responding to a prior offense inflicted by the supposed victim.) 4 ... system to work Trang 5Value Orientation Economic value orientation: Values that can be quantified by monetary means  If an act produces value, accept it as ethical  Idealism: Places special value

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2016, 10:31

... to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance that misstatements, whether caused by errors or fraud, that are not are detected A) important to the financial statements B) statistically ... statistically significant to the financial statements C) material to the financial statements D) identified by the client Answer: C Te rms: Auditor has no responsibility to plan and pe rform audit to obtain ... AACSB: Re flective thinking skills 7) Fraudulent financial reporting is most likely to be committed by whom? A) line employees of the company B) outside members of the company's board of directors

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2017, 15:04

... costing system is used by a company that a produces heterogeneous products b produces items by special request of customers c produces homogeneous products d accumulates costs by job 5 Which is the ... continuous losses are absorbed by all units in ending inventory and transferred out on a EUP basis ANS: F DIF: Moderate OBJ: 6-8 22 Normal continuous losses are absorbed by all units in ending inventory ... environment are handled by the method of neglect ANS: T DIF: Moderate OBJ: 6-8 24 Costs of normal shrinkage and normal continuous losses in a process costing environment are handled by the method of

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2017, 15:06

... found by multiplying the ordinary annuity table value by one plus the interest rate b The factor for the present value of an annuity due is found by multiplying the ordinary annuity table value by ... interest rate is determined by a dividing the future value by the present value and looking for the quotient in the future value of 1 table b dividing the future value by the present value and looking ... assuming compound interest 10 The future value of a single sum is determined by multiplying the future value factor by its present value 11 In determining present value, a company moves backward

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2017, 15:17

... product is constant for this production function When L increases by 1, q will increase by 3 When K increases by 1, q will increase by 2 b q = (2L + 2K) 1 2 This function exhibits decreasing returns ... amount by which the quantity of one input can be reduced when the other input is increased by one unit, while maintaining the same level of output If the MRTS is 4 then one input can be reduced by ... increases by less than double The marginal product of labor is decreasing and the marginal product of capital is constant For any given value of L, when K is increased by 1 unit, q goes up by 4 units,

Ngày tải lên: 04/05/2017, 10:02

... is replaced by 1 and all others by 0. This can be done using a simple IF formula.  Find the count of that category by summing the 0s and 1s.  Find the percentage of that category by averaging ... define a StatTools data set, by selecting any cell in the data set and clicking the Data Set Manager button  Then generate summary measures for the Salary variable, by selecting One-Variable ... category and 0 for all observations not in that category.  Categorizing a numerical variable by putting the data into discrete categories (called bins ) is called binning or discretizing

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... To break down a numerical variable by a categorical variable, it is useful to create side-by-side box plots.  Excel’s® pivot table breaks down one variable by others so that all sorts of relationships ... Categories  It is easy to sort in a pivot table, either by the numbers in the Values area or by the labels in a Rows or Columns field.  To sort by the numbers in the Values area, right-click any ... learn more about a correlation by creating the corresponding scatterplot. Trang 23Pivot Tables The pivot table is an Excel tool that allows you to break data down by categories.  Sometimes

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... complement of A, denoted by A (or in c some books by A ), is the event that A does not occur  If the probability of A is P(A), then the probability of its complement is given by the equation below ... of chance, can be calculated by using an equally likely argument  However, many other probabilities, especially those in business situations, cannot be calculated by equally likely arguments, ... market returns by referring the random numbers in column A to the lookup table Enter the formula: in cell B13 and copy it down through cell B412 Summarize the 400 market returns by entering the

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... symmetric bell-shaped curve  Any particular normal distribution is specified by its mean and standard deviation  By changing the mean, the normal curve shifts to the right  The normal distribution ... deviation 1, so it is denoted by N(0,1)  It is also referred to as the Z distribution.  To standardize a variable, subtract its mean and then divide the difference by the standard deviation: ... part.Continuous Distributions and Density Functions (slide 2 of 2)  A density function , usually denoted by f(x), specifies the probability distribution of a continuous random variable X  The higher

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... of monetary outcomes for this decision.  By looking at the risk profile for a particular decision, you can see the risks and rewards involved  By comparing risk profiles for different decisions, ... Value (EMV) decision is a weighted average of the possible payoffs for this decision, weighted by the probabilities of the outcomes  The expected monetary value criterion , or EMV criterion ... Decision trees present a challenge for Excel ®  PrecisionTree , a powerful add-in developed by Palisade Corporation, makes the process relatively  It allows you to perform sensitivity analysis

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... the average amount owed in each random sample, and construct a histogram of these 25 averages  By generating a fairly large number of random samples from the population of accounts receivable, ... randomly sampled from the first-stage locations in the second stage of the process  This is followed by a systematic sampling of households from each secondstage area © 2015 Cengage Learning All Rights ... unlike sampling error, it cannot be measured with probability theory  It can be controlled only by using appropriate sampling procedures and designing good survey instruments © 2015 Cengage Learning

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... mean, by setting and solving for n:  Unfortunately, sample size selection must be done before a sample is observed, and value s is not yet available  The usual solution is to replace s by some ... assume the population distribution is normal with unknown standard deviation σ  σ is replaced by the sample standard deviation s, as shown in this equation:  Then the standardized value in ... very much like a typical Z-value  That is, the t-value indicates the number of standard errors by which the sample mean differs from the population mean © 2015 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... assistance in include/exclude decisions by including automatic equation-building options.  These options estimate a series of regression equations by successively adding (or deleting) variables ... Assumption 3 is equivalent to stating that the errors are normally distributed.  You can check this by forming a histogram (or a Q-Q plot) of the residuals.  If assumption 3 holds, the histogram ... characteristics—that is, its intercept and slope term(s)—from the corresponding terms estimated by least squares  Determining which explanatory variables belong in the equation  Inferring whether

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... multiplicative model of seasonality), divide it by the appropriate seasonal index  To find the seasonal index for a particular month, divide the month’s observation by the average of the 12 observations ... regularly through time, the time series has a trend  Linear trend—occurs if the observations increase by the same amount from period to period  Exponential trend—occurs when observations increase at ... graphs their irregular, zigzag appearance  A time series can be determined only to a certain extent by its trend, seasonal, and cyclic components; other factors determine the rest  These other factors

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... represent the plants (denoted by S for supplier).  Nodes 4 and 5 represent the warehouses (denoted by T for transshipment).  Nodes 6 and 7 represent the customers (denoted by D for destination). ... is often useful to model network problems by listing all of the arcs and their corresponding flows in one long list Then constraints can be indicated by a separate section of the spreadsheet. ... indicated by a circle, generally represents a geographical location In this case, the nodes on the left correspond to plants, and the nodes on the right to regions.  An arc, indicated by an

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... mean is X, the confidence interval is given by the following formula:  The standard error of X is the standard deviation of the observations divided by the square root of n, the number of observations: ... Example: Amount of rain that falls during a month  A continuous distribution is characterized by a density function, a smooth curve as shown in the figure below.  The height of the density ... nonnegative  In such cases, model the randomness with a probability distribution that is bounded below by 0  This rules out negative values that make no practical sense. Trang 11© 2015 Cengage Learning

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2017, 10:35

... model is obtained by setting r1 ¼ 0, which means we estimate the original model (6.17) by OLS The test can be made robust to heteroskedasticity in u1 (since u1 ¼ e1 under H ) by applying the heteroskedasticity-robust ... variable For notational clarity we now denote the dependent variable by y1 and the potentially endogenous explanatory variable by y2 As in all 2SLS contexts, y2 can be continuous or binary, or ... productive than the workers in city B Unfortunately, controlling for qs by putting in strata dummies and applying 2SLS does not work: by definition, the instruments only vary across strata—not within...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... irregularities in time series caused by data uncertainty, as shown by Ratcliffe (2000) CMA uses probabilistic aoristic temporal analysis where each case is weighted by the probability that the crime ... Data: Lessons from Research and Practice, edited by A Hirschfield and K Bowers (London: Taylor & Francis) ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ... percentage used is by no means the perfect solution, and it was considered outside the scope of this project, especially as more experienced users can easily adjust the search ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... that calculated points on the interpolated surface are more strongly influenced by nearby data points than they are by more distant points21 The extent of smoothing of the surface is dependent on ... hand-contoured paper map of © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Digital water table mapping 103 the water table in the sandstone aquifer (scale 1:50,000; produced by ADAS Cartography, Gloucester) ... fissures induced by coal workings which produce high groundwater yields of good quality18 Approximately 42% of public water supplies in the area are from groundwater supplied by the Sherwood Sandstone...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21