cautionary tales the coming stem cell decade

... biopsies which limit the quantity of samples available Taking reference from other systems with epithelial cells’ lining, studies have document the presence of the of the stem cell in the luminal discharges ... (Taylor-Papadimitriou et al 1989) Luminal epithelial cells synthesise the various milk components and empty them into the lumen where they are stored These cells are cuboidal with their apical surface thickly ... to the proximity of the stem cell niche to their luminal cavities For example, mesenchymal progenitor cells have been isolated through the collection of human menstrual blood and urothelial stem

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... Throughout the development of an organism, the intricate balance between the maintenance Trang 17of stem cells and the supply of fully differentiated cells is achieved by regulating the number and the ... maintains its stem cell state (Li and Xie, 2005) Tissue-specific niche cells emit signals to prevent differentiation, thereby promoting stem-cell identity in one of the two stem-cell daughters ... horseshoe) and the stem cell itself The niche provides support and stimuli necessary for renewal, preventing differentiation The daughter cell adjacent to the niche will maintain stem-cell fate while

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 14:32

... differentiate the ES cells The cells were then dissociated with trypsin and replated at single cell density to allow the ES cells to expand into colonies It was interesting to note that the number ... knockdown even in the presence of LIF The cells lost their compacted growth morphology Lefty2 RNAi led to flattening and disintegration of the ES colonies, with some cells assuming the appearance ... were used in the selection of genes The first criterion was the expression level of the candidate genes in pluripotent cell types of both mouse and human, such as in ES cells in the in-vitro

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... Before the stain solution was added, the cells were again rinsed thrice with PBS to remove the fixative The samples were then incubated for 15min in the dark at room temperature, with the stain ... enzymes The oligos (Proligo, Singapore) were then annealed under the following conditions: Temp ( o C) used Time (min) Phosphorylation of annealed oligos was then carried out under the following ... sequence acc and the transcription start codon ATG; the reverse primer includes a Bcl1 restriction site and the termination codon TGA The reverse primers contained a V5 tag fused at the C-terminal

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... human embryonic stem cells in the absence of feeder layers Stem Cells 23, 489-495 Besser, D (2004) Expression of nodal, lefty-a, and lefty-B in undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells requires ... TGF-beta signaling J Cell Biochem 101, 9-33 Burns, C J., Persaud, S J., and Jones, P M (2006) Diabetes mellitus: a potential target for stem cell therapy Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 1, 255-266 Camus, ... embryonic stem cells J Cell Sci 120, 55-65 Oh, S P., and Li, E (1997) The signaling pathway mediated by the type IIB activin receptor controls axial patterning and lateral asymmetry in the mouse

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... components The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst is the extraembryonic components and forms an epithelium, the trophectoderm Descendents of the trophectoderm are restricted to the generation of the ... components of the placenta The embryonic component, located on the interior is referred to as the inner cell mass (ICM) and this embryonic component comprises a stem cell population The ICM represents ... 2006) The understanding gained from the study of stem cell biology may also profoundly improve the treatment of cancer as mechanistic links between ES cell self-renewal and cancer stem cell proliferation

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... of the biological replicates (n=2) Trang 5IV) Description of Ct method used for tabulation of qPCR data For all the qPCR data presented in this thesis, the relative transcript levels for the ... control were tabulated using the Ct method -Actin was used as the housekeeping gene for normalization The difference between the mean test sample Ct values and the mean -Actin values ( Ctsample) ... Similar tabulations were then made for the scrambled control sample ( Ctcontrol) Ct was then obtained by subtracting Ctcontrol from Ctsample Ct method = Ctsample - Ctcontrol The relative mRNA level

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:03

... 2000) Another important potential of SPHK inhibitors is that, they may be capable to promote the stem cells differentiation, therefore, shortening the incubation duration for stem cells differentiating ... stabilize the anionic form of the dye, causing a Trang 9visible color change Within the linear range of the assay (~5-25μg/mL), the more protein present, the more the Coomassie Blue binds changing the ... samples, which are then separated in the TLC plate The plate was run in the chamber until the solvent front reached 2cm from the top of the plate, then removed from the chamber and air dried in a fume

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:06

... hypothesized that when suppressing SPHK activity in the stem cells, the balance between proliferation and differentiation could be lost, the cell growth was arrested, and the cells would then ... of cells those human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into, or whether SPHK inhibition may aid the stem cells to differentiate into a specific cell-type(s) In Chapter 2 I introduced the ... penetrate into the cells and inhibit the endogenous SPHK1 and the good yield obtained from the chemical synthesis procedure Therefore, in this chapter, CP6 was selected to study the function of

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:06

... medium without any other supplements, most of the cells showed to be elongated, and the cell-cell adhesion and the cells attachment to the culture flask looked different with the ones cultured ... embryonic stem cells Trang 2proliferation, as well as maintaining their stemness However, human adult stem cells, such as MSCs, are very different with embryonic stem cells in terms of cell properties ... placing the 6-well plates on ice and the cells were scraped out and collected by centrifugation Cell pellets were lysed and the protein concentrations in the cell lysates were quantified The same

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:06

... directing the differentiation of stem cells into the osteogenic lineage in vitro.” J Bone Miner Res 19:1379–1394 Hentze, H, Graichen R, et al (2007) “Cell therapy and the safety of embryonic stem cell-derived ... et al (2007) "Impairment of endothelial cell differentiation from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: new insight into the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis." Arthritis Rheum ... "Cell culture medium composition and translational adult bone marrow-derived stem cell research." Stem Cells 24(5): 1407-8 Djouad, F., D Mrugala, et al (2006) "Engineered mesenchymal stem

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:06

... INTRODUCTION 1.1 Embryonic stem cells 1.1.1 History In the 1970s, the search for a cell culture platform to study early embryonic development led to the isolation of stem cells from teratocarcinomas ... ESC-based systems stems from this potential of ESCs to differentiate into all cell types in the body Although the clinical use of adult stem cells, which are present in multiple tissues in the mammalian ... locus are the pre-microRNA hairpins and the putative minimal promoter The number and precise sequences of the pre-microRNAs, their distance from the promoter and the polyadenylation sites, the regions

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:16

... Diva could arrest the neural stem cells in the G0/G1 phase and prevent the escaping of neural stem cells from cell cycle The pioneer study in the project has emphasized on the regulatory function ... cell cycle……….19 6 Cell cycle and stem cell differentiation……….20 6.1 Neural stem cells……… 20 6.1.1 Neural stem cells in vivo and in vitro……… …21 6.1.2 Bcl-2 family members and neural stem cells……… ... during the cell cycle in neural stem cells.The results plus the anti-apoptotic role of Diva would lead further project in the future on microglial dual functions on transplanted stem cells In

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:19

... 1.1 Stem cells 1.1.1 Developmental potency of stem cells Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the capability of self-renewal for producing identical unspecialized daughter cells and the ... specialized cells Stemness refers to the undifferentiated status of self-renewing stem cells Stem cells show a hierarchy of developmental potency in mouse (Fig 1-1) Totipotent stem cells include the ... primordial germ cells (PGC) Pluripotent stem cells undergo further specialization into multipotent cells The multipotent stem cells are committed to give rise to a limited number of cells, which

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 13:38

... (MCF7) cell line [11] The fact that the vast majority of MCF7 stem cell enriched SP cells express MUC1 suggests that epithelial cancer stem cells would also be the targets of various immunotherapy ... ovarian cancer cells induce the aggressiveness of the cancer cells and enrich the cancer stem cell population It also showed that MUC4 is expressed in the ovarian cancer stem cell population ... SKOV3 cells (Figure 3) We further isolated these colonies for the stem/ progenitor marker analysis Expression of cancer stem cell and self-renewal markers in circular colonies Cancer stem cells...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... interests in the Persian Gulf region in the coming decade In particular, the report explores the conventional military strength of Iran and Iraq, the potential for subversion, and the social and ... are the subject of current RAND research The Persian Gulf in the Coming Decade: Trends, Threats, and Opportunities limited budgets Even without the formidable U.S presence in the region, the ... other in the 1980s, leading to disruptions in the flow of oil and destabilizing the region Relations in the 1990s remained tense— both sides supported terrorists in the other’s country and otherwise...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 17:20

... 1.2  Emerging stem cell therapies and the commercialization of biotechnology On the one hand, the stem cell sciences are clearly part of the biotech industry Most obviously, stem cells are biological ... viable products There are a number of similarities in how stem cell science and biotechnology progress On the other hand though, the unique properties of stem cells and the way stem cell products ... influencing the future shape of the stem cell market 1.4.2 The relationship between risk and return The other major factor limiting the potential success of emerging stem cell companies is the relationship...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 06:20

... differentiate embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells and point out that many tissues undergo continual replacement from stem cells They note the tremendous therapeutic potential of stem cells in replacing ... structure known as the stem cell niche At least in the hematopoietic (blood cell forming) system, the niche develops independently and the stem cells migrate to and colonize the niche (Schofield ... adult stem cells, although they are sometimes designated more conservatively as progenitor cells They are referred to as adult stem cells to distinguish them from embryonic stem cells, even if they...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:52

... of the class I MHC, mediated by NSC-derived neurotrophins in the lesioned micro-environment of the CNS Materials and methods Culture of Neural stem cells Neural stem cells were harvested from the ... parenchyma near the third ventricle (Figure 4) Migration of the BrdU+ cells along the corpus callosum and the ventricular wall was noted Small clusters of BrdU + cells and BrdU + cells with glial ... for 15 s Quantification of the gene of interest was accomplished by measuring the threshold cycles and comparing them to the standard curve to determine the copy number The process of calculating...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... accompanied by cell sorting to minimise the number of pluri/ multipotent stem cells in the cell preparation [86], or to separate tumourigenic stem cells from non-tumourigenic stem cells (by e.g cell sorting ... noted earlier the local environment in which the stem cell resides in the recipient may influence the biological properties of the stem cells, however only little is known whether these effects ... [81-85] Most likely the observed effect depends on the nature of the cancer cells, the Page of 14 characteristics of the used MSC, on the integrity of the immune system and on the timing and site...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20