carbon dioxide transport and elimination

... 220 Carbon dioxide is produced in the body as a product of metabolism and transported to the lungs by the cardiovascular system Hence, a simple physiologic rationale exists for using carbon dioxide ... It is also possible to monitor carbon dioxide ‘upstream’ from expired gases Capnometry can measure partial carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) in a regional tissue bed, and the reason for monitoring ... way to solve the problem, and a safe and effective device is available to carry out the function When controlled clinical trials might be needed tidal carbon dioxide, and this can have useful...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... changes in petCO2 and cardiac output The authors claim that, during a decreased cardiac output, reduced carbon dioxide delivery to the lung decreases alveolar carbon dioxide pressure and thus causes ... pressure (dilution of carbon dioxide from perfused alveolar spaces) Gazmuri and colleagues [17,18] confirmed that both petCO2 and PaCO2 (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide) correspond ... between end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (petCO2) and cardiac output, coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and cerebral perfusion pressure, restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and hospital...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... of helmet and airway (lung) flow and pressure during HF-BiPAP, BIVENT, and PSV Compliance was 90 ml/cm H2O, resistance was and airway (lung) flow and pressure during HF-BiPAP, BIVENT, and PSV cm ... contributions OM, PH, MQ, and PP planed and designed the study and developed the measurement setup OM, PH, and PP performed the measurements and analyzed the data PS and EC performed pilot studies ... Statsoft, Inc., and Microsoft Excel) Statistical analysis For all conditions, 15 measurements were obtained The data was presented as mean ± standard deviation (with median and 25th and 75th percentiles...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... carbon dioxide levels As compared to other physical and abiotic methods of carbon dioxide mitigation, biological carbon dioxide sequestration by photosynthesis is a sustainable approach for carbon ... approach for carbon dioxide capture in the long term Microalgae are suitable candidates for photosynthetic carbon dioxide sequestration due to their high growth rate and carbon dioxide fixation ... 2011) However, abiotic carbon dioxide mitigation methods pose significant challenges such as leakage and large space requirements 1.2 Carbon dioxide capture by bacteria Carbon dioxide capture by...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:30

... Tables 10 List of Figures 11 Chapter – Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Fixation 1.1 Background 13 1.2 Carbon Dioxide as Energy Storage Vehicles 14 1.3 Carbon Dioxide as Building Blocks for Synthetically ... Conclusions and Future Directions 5.1 Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol by Hydrosilanes over NHeterocyclic Carbene Catalysts 128 5.2 Carbon Dioxide Mediated Stereoselective Coupling of Alkynes and ... emissions Such pressure has pushed for research and development in technologies for carbon dioxide sequestration, fixation and utilization Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been the focus of intense...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 17:57

... solute/cosolvent /carbon dioxide systems (an organic solid, i.e cholesterol or a cholesteryl ester, SCF CO2 and a cosolvent such as methanol or acetone), and solute 1/solute 2 /carbon dioxide systems ... Diffusivity behavior of carbon dioxide in the vicinity of critical point (McHugh and Krukonis, 1994) The viscosity behavior of carbon dioxide dependent on the pressure and temperature is given ... application of supercritical fluids carbon dioxide as an alternative solvent offers many advantages since carbon dioxide is environmentally benign, inexpensive and has low critical parameters For...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:19

... the factors for patient’s recruitment Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum has been shown to produce respiratory and hemodynamic changes due to both CO2 absorption and the effects of increased intraperitoneal ... Impact of carbon dioxide and helium insufflation on cardiorespiratory function during prolonged pneumoperitoneum in an experimental rat model Surg Endosc 2002; 16: 1073-8 Nguyen NT, Anderson JT, ... subcutaneous emphysema The end tidal CO2, mean BP, heart rate and Sat O2 before during and after CO2 insufflation are shown in Table and Fig The mean of blood pressure changed mostly in the first...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 15:20

... Chinese and NewPage manufacturing facilities, the report highlights differences in the carbon burden based on two key components of the lifecycle carbon dioxide emissions from transportation and ... 31 Major sources of carbon dioxide emissions from BHKP production 31 Major sources of carbon dioxide emissions from BSKP production 31 Summing up: Carbon Dioxide Emissions in ... chain: transportation of fiber and finished paper and energy used in pulp and paper production Carbon release from forestry due to fiber acquisition is a crucial emerging issue in calculating the carbon...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... 187 172 Role of Carbon Dioxide in Modifying the Plant Response to Ozone Andrea Polle and Eva J Pell I II III IV Introduction 193 Evidence of Interactions between Ozone and Carbon Dioxide Mechanisms ... Nitrogen Mineralization and Immobilization and Increased Carbon Input to Soil 268 V Increased Carbon Flux to Soil and Nitrogen Inputs and Losses 274 VI Altered Nitrogen Cycling and Soil Water Content ... area and display and in plant spacing affect the energy supply for the two processes in a nearly identical manner Thus, "A and T on a per unit land area basis are closely linked and go hand in hand,...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:43

... of the disassembly of a defunct LCD Carbon dioxide extraction was carried out using a Thar Technologies SFE-500F-2-FMC System and liquid withdrawal carbon dioxide (99.9 %) The extraction vessel ... landfill The WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment came into operation on the 2nd January 2007 (within the UK) and ... solution, these highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic solvents are not viewed as a “sustainable” long term solution to the problem In recent years supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO ) has proven...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:50

... recycling using ionic liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide J Am Chem Soc 123(6):1254–1255 25 Jutz F, Andanson J-M, Baiker A (2011) Ionic liquids and dense carbon dioxide: a beneficial biphasic ... adsorbents and their applications: current status and new trends Energy Environ Sci 4(1):42–55 10 Yang Z-Z, He L-N, Gao J et al (2012) Carbon dioxide utilization with C–N bond formation: carbon dioxide ... Introduction to Carbon Dioxide The ever-increasing consumption of fossil fuels (oil, coal, petroleum, and natural gas), deforestation, and hydrogen production from hydrocarbons (steam conversion and partial...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 23:43

... Separation and Purification Technology 79 (2011) 50–55 51 racy was established from quality control standards by evaluating nominal and mean measured concentrations of quality control standards which ... ultra-sonication and diluting with mobile phase Stock I was diluted serially with the mobile phase to obtain calibration standards (10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 and 500 ng/ml), quality control standards (15, ... standards (15, 200 and 450 ng/ml) and system suitability standard (300 ng/ml) The system suitability test was performed using replicate injections of system suitability standard before analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 13:23

... (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to observe the structural morphology and composition of activated carbon RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 BET Surface Area of Activated Carbon ... pyrolyzed at different activation temperatures under nitrogen and carbon dioxide are reported in Table The textural characteristics of activated carbon involving BET surface area, micropore surface area, ... prepare and study the effect of different pyrolysis temperatures on the development of the porosity of activated carbon derived from oil palm shells activated with ZnCl2 The activated carbon was...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... water content (m3 m3 ), and are respectively the random eects date and location and is the residual term The dierences between moisture modalities in the oak and beech stands were tested, using ... model containing the following variables: stand, moisture treatment, the interaction between stand and moisture treatment, and the two random eects date and location The models were all tted with ... of 70, 74 and 84% of the annual carbon input by litterfall were released annually by heterotrophic respiration and that 8, and 8% were leached as DOC in the oak, mixed and beech stands, respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... ural and commercial temperate trees and forests Adv Ecol Res 19, 1-55 El Kohen A, Venet L, Mousseau M (1993) Growth and photosynthesis of two deciduous forest species at elevated carbon dioxide ... 3-month-old, and 15 4-month-old seedlings, maintained in well-watered conditions, were used for morphological analyses Each seedling was harvested and divided into roots, stems and leaves Expanding ... m s and 440 mmol m s In response to water stress, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased at -1 both 350 and 700 μmol mol The relationships between predawn water potential and the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... exchange and growth measurements Carbon dioxide and H gas exchange were O measured with an open gas exchange system consisting of assimilation chambers (28 x 15 x 33 cm connected in parallel ) and ... Photosynthetic carbon dioxide exchange of bean plants grown at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations Can J Bot 63, 2026-2030 Ekwebelam SA, Reid CPP (1983) Effect of light, nitrogen fertilization, and mycorrhizal ... colonized by the inoculated fungi was 91, 78 and 9% in S collinitus and and R roseolus, respectively The mycorrhizal index (index ranging from to and representing the frequency of mycorrhizal...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:24

... the fungal species and strain used as mycobiont and ii), that there may be a discrepancy between effects of mycorrhizae on stem elongation on the one hand and on diameter and weight growth on ... Growth, carbon dioxide assimilation capacity and water-use efficiency of Pinus pinea L seedlings inoculated with different ectomycorrhizal fungi Ann Sci For 47, 91100 Smith SE (1983) Growth and carbon ... stepwise and A and C calculati were ed for each step The Su function is a line with an x-axis intercept approximately equal to C a and a negative slope approximately equal to -g (Guehl and Aussenac,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:25

... (S) of the carbon dioxide dissociation curve This curve represents the relation between carbon dioxide volumes (used to calculate carbon dioxide content) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide This ... whereas the arterial carbon dioxide content (CaCO2) is estimated from end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO2), with adjustments for the slope of the carbon dioxide dissociation curve and the degree of ... partial rebreathing reduces carbon dioxide elimination and increases etCO2 Measurements under normal and rebreathing conditions allow one to omit the venous carbon dioxide content (CvCO2) measurement...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... JF, Kavanagh BP: Carbon dioxide attenuates pulmonary impairment resulting from hyperventilation Crit Care Med 2003, 31: 2634-2640 Carbon dioxide: the new therapy for ARDS? Laffey and colleagues ... debate about permissive hypercapnia, and in particular the timing and efficacy of bicarbonate therapy/haemofiltration to treat the resulting acidosis, this simple and free approach certainly warrants ... Study Group: Early use of the pulmonary artery catheter and outcomes in patients with shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial JAMA 2003, 290:2713-2720 Brower...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... acidosis and hyperlactataemia developed during ischaemia, and persisted after reinfusion (Table 2) Effects on partial carbon dioxide tension gradients Mixed and mesenteric venoarterial and urinary ... concept and design, analysis and interpretation of data, and drafting of the manuscript MOP, VSKE, GM and HSC performed acquisition of data and contributed to drafting of the manuscript BM and ML ... Moriguchi and coworkers [29] have showed that urinary bicarbonate, calculated from urinary PCO2 and pH, increases after anaerobic exercise Those authors related these findings to systemic carbon dioxide...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:22