basic biology of obesity

... by Erin Barley Kathleen Fitzpatrick Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function Chapter 40 Trang 3Overview: Diverse Forms, Common Challenges(STRUCTURE) of an organism • Structure dictates function! ... rate: amount of energy an animal uses in a unit of time at a “comfortable” temperature rest at a specific temperature • Ectotherms have much lower metabolic rates than endotherms of a comparable ... • Stimulus amplifies a response • Examples: – Lactation in mammals – Onset of labor in childbirth Plants: ripening of fruit Trang 18• Maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range

Ngày tải lên: 18/05/2017, 08:51

... module deals primarily with the first of these two aspects of accounting, covering in depth the purposes and conventions of accounting, the sources and recording of information and the ways in which ... AccountingBy the end of this section, you should be able to: • explain the meaning of the term “accounting” • explain the objectives of Accounting • explain the importance of Accounting information ... position of a business Accounting is therefore concerned with: • recording of data • classification and summary of data • communicating what has been learned from the data Objectives of Accounting

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... increased use of drugs to counteract obesity risk factors or simply to the latency of the effect This analysis does not take account of the impact of childhood obesity The health consequences of overweight ... of pre-obesity would lead to a doubling of the estimated direct costs Finally, none of the studies considers the cost of the consequences of overweight in children.Expressed as a proportion of ... 30% and 80% of adults in the WHO European Region and up to one third of children The rates of obesity are rising in virtually all parts of the Region The costs to the health services of treating

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... 5 2.11 Prevention of overweight and obesity in children and young people 5 2.12 Treatment of obesity in children and young people 6 3 Obesity in adults 7 3.1 Prevalence of obesity in adults ... management of obesity 33 16 Obesity in children and young people 34 16.1 Introduction 34 16.2 Prevalence of obesity in children 34 16.3 Aetiology and epidemiology 34 16.4 Health consequences of ... childhood obesity 35 16.5 Tracking of obesity into adulthood 36 17 Diagnosis and screening in children and young people 37 17.1 Defining childhood obesity 37 17.2 Diagnosis of overweight and obesity

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 15:20

... characteristics of water quality in the estuary of Strymon River J Mar Environ Engin 7: 231–239. Hutchings J.A 2002: Life histories of fish In: Hart P.J.B & Reynolds J.D (eds.), Handbook of fish biology ... basis at the mouth of the river using a bag seine net and overall a total of 4 563 individuals were collected The total length of males ranged between 2.5 and 6.0 cm and that of females between ... the biology of the Gobiidae in Greek waters only exists for the estuarine goby Knipowitschia caucasica (K e v r e k i d i s et al 1990) The present work aims to study the reproductive biology of

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... series of bonds have been added to the basic charts The series of long term bond yields and of short term money rates will be used later for parison with the basic yield estimates com-THE BASIC ... etc Evidently a successful statistical analysis of the basic yield (lel)endSupon the possibility of selecting a suitable group of bonds - bon(lS ofsuperb quality, fully taxable, non-convertible, ... is concerned mainly withpresenting basic yield estimates of corporate bonds of all maturities forthe first quarter of each year i 900-42 (see Table i and the basic charts), theory and business

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:20

... habitat The Biology of Rocky Shores Colin Little and F A Kitching The Biology of Polar Habitats G E Fogg The Biology of Lakes and Ponds Christer Brönmark and Lars-Anders Hansson The Biology of Streams ... Paul S Giller and Björn Malmqvist The Biology of Mangroves The Biology of Lakes and Ponds, Second ed. Christer Brönmark and Lars-Anders Hansson The Biology of Soil Richard D Bardgett Trang 5Great ... acidic soils: the pH values of the soils of Boreal forests andheathlands are often of 4 or less In many parts of the world, soil acidity isfurther exacerbated by the use of inorganic fertilizers

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 17:20

... past and emphasize the role of health assessment in mate choice as reflected by analyses of the attractiveness of visual characters of the face and the body, but also of vocal and olfactory signals ... the evolution of such bizarre traits as the antlers of stags, the horns of antelopes, the tail of the peacock ( Pavo cristatus ), bird song, frog croaks, and the extravagant colours of many fish ... such as aposition of the heart in the right side of the bodycavity or the presence of an even number of fingers on a hand Fluctuating asymmetry is a particularly useful sure of developmental control

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20

... per-person cost of around $700 a year Productivity costs In addition to direct medical costs of obesity, a number of more indirect costs are part of the overall economic impact of obesity Of these, ... incidence that can be linked to obesity, and of the magnitude of associated direct medical costs incidence of diseases associated with obesity The most common definitions of obesity are based on body ... impacts of obesity This review adds to the current research on the economic impact of obesity by providing a more comprehensive overview of the range of effects, as well as a summary of the most

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 05:21

... devoid of members. Most often we will deal with sets each of which is specified by someproperty or propertiesof itselements For example, we may speak of theset of all even integers or the set of all ... denoted by S1∪ S2,consists of all objects each of which is in at least one of the two sets The intersection of S1 and S2, denoted by S1∩ S2, consists of all objects each of which isin both sets ... read: a is to the left of b Thisgeometric way of looking at inequalities isfrequently of help in solving problems Figure 1.1 It ishelpful to introduce the notion of an interval of numbers or points.

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:12

... The distribution of a variable tells us what values it takes and how often it takes these values EXAMPLE 1.1 A professor’s data set Here is part of the data set in which a professor records information ... the most striking findings of the 2000 census was the growth of the His-panic population of the United States Table 1.1 presents the percent of resi-dents in each of the 50 states who identified ... percent of Hispanics in a state’s population To make a histogram of the distribution of this variable, proceed as follows: Step 1 Choose the classes Divide the range of the data into classes of equal

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 16:25

... graphs of colloidal particles of several types * These dimensions are below the limits of resolution of simple optical microscopes so that direct imaging and measurement of the sizes of colloidal ... particles of polystyrene latex, (c) fibres of chrysotile asbestos, (d) thin plates of kaolinite (By Dr D W Thompson, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol) Trang 24An alternative subdivision of ... they are part of the bulk material [Figure 2.5(a) and Figure 2.4 Variation of the free energy per unit area of surface of the system shown in Figure 2.3 as a function of separation, H, of the surfaces:

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 10:40

... of the species are provided This is an amphidromous species Now the implementation of projects on urbanization, upgrading infrastructure and expansion of tourist sites, and the accumulation of ... Xishuangbanna region of Yunnan province, southern China Hydrobiologia, 400: 2 – 41 Cai, Y & P K L Ng (2001) The freshwater decapod crustaceans of Halmahera, Indonesia Journal of Crustacean Biology, ... (Gulf of Thailand) on 26/7/2011 and 9/10/2011, the second author collected many specimens of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium idae (Heller, 1862) The main morphological characteristics of the

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 09:20

... characteristics of PTH-null mice and the skeletal and reproductive abnor- malities that they present.Together the chapters of this book offer a state of the art description of the major aspects of the ... of the parathyroid (PTH) gene of 12 species of non-human mates belonging to suborder Anthropoidea were characterized.30 The deduced amino acid se-quences of exons II and III of the PTH gene of ... Phylogenetic Footprint: Identification of TF Binding Sites by Comparison of Regulatory Regions of PTH Gene of Different Organisms 78 Discussion 80 7 Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Gene Expression

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:52

... Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, 1544Newton Court, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAP R Levitt Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School ofMedicine, E1440 Biomed ... Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine,University of Tennessee, 855 Monroe Avenue, Memphis,TN 38163, USA *Current address: Department of Human Anatomy and Genetics, University of ... Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology,Center for Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry andPrograms in Neuroscience, Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences,University of California

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:56

... Department of Biology, UniversityCollege London,Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK Ken-ichirou Morohashi Department of Developmental Biology, NationalInstitute for Basic Biology, ... the roleof its various isoforms in the formation and di¡erentiation of the gonad Biochemical evidence for distinct functions of Wt1 isoforms Wt1 is a complex gene Through a combination of alternative ... arbiters of sex, but also the determinants of sex After all, the sex-determining gene Sry may turn the somatic tissue of the gonad of a female mouseinto a testis, but it is incapable of transforming

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 13:09

... principle of virtual work 228 c Proof of the weak theorem of virtual work 229 A2 Strong principle of virtual work 232 a Virtually migrating control volumes 232 b Forces Strong principle of ... work, a meansof capturing the kinematics associated with the transfer of material is needed Iaccomplish this with the aid of three notions, none of which is a standard Thefirst, that of material ... understanding of configurational forces I would like to express my grat-itude to the National Science Foundation, the Army Research Office, and the Department of Energy for their support of the research

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 16:48

... domains, from the depths visi-of the oceans to the depths visi-of space Humans on the frontiers of exploration are tested to the limits of their lives The Biology of Human Survival pinpoints critical ... influenced many of the great gists of the early half of the twentieth century, including Joseph Barcroft and J S.Haldane in England Barcroft, who lived from 1872 to 1947, spent most of his sci-entific ... 3114 THE BIOLOGY OF HUMAN SURVIVALModern biologists operate within a narrower frame of reference than that ofthe homeostatic mechanisms of a whole organism The body is reduced to a group of systems,

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:45

... discussion ofthe fossil history of the Alcidae I highlight the Alcidae for several reasons First, the fossil record of alcids is one of the best fossil records of all seabirds because of the large ... prehistoricdiversity of seabirds included at least 7 species of shearwaters and petrels and a total of 22 species of nesting species of seabirds; today there are only four species of seabirds and ... broadly defined interval of time The assemblage of seabird fossils from each of these isochronous rock formations is defined as a fauna See Warheit (1992) for definitions of each of these North Pacific

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... combi-nation of black, brown, gray, or white, and lacks the vivid colors of land birds, is almost certainlythe result of convergence By the end of the 19th century bird taxonomists, using a suite of anatomical ... are shared because ofcommon descent, and therefore indicative of relationship, or shared because of convergence, andtherefore taxonomically irrelevant The fact that the plumage of so many seabirds ... exception of the Waved Albatross (Phoebastria irrorata) breeding on the Galapagos Islands and off Ecuador, they are absent as breeding birds FIGURE 3.3 Map of worldwide species richness of procellariiform

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20