acute and pilot drf toxicity testing in drug safety evaluation

... laboratory machines Kits for testing enzymes and metabolites in blood: ALT (alanin aminotransferase), AST Trang 3(aspartat aminotransferase), total bilirubin, albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine kits ... following the instruction before giving to animals This product was administrated by oral route through a feeding needle for rats The signs and indexes were checked during the study, including: ... nanoparticles International Journal of Nanomedicine 2015;10:137-148. 6 De Jong WH, Carraway JW, Geertsma RE In vivo and in vitro testing for the biological safety evaluation of biomaterials and medical

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2022, 17:35

... ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and norfloxacin can cause drug–drug interaction with xanthine derivatives and potentiate its toxicity in human medicine [54–58] Enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, orbifloxacin, ... attention to pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction originated from the alteration in drug metabolism in human medicine Alterations in drug metabolism due to pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction are ... is not sufficient in veterinary medicine, it is gradually increasing in dogs and cats Scope of the review This review introduces drug–drug interaction in drug metabo-lism in dogs and cats as follows:

Ngày tải lên: 15/01/2020, 13:57

... solution: A standard stock solution containing 500 µg/mL NIF was prepared by exactly approximately weighing 50.0 mg NIF standard, transferring it into a 100 mL volumetric flask and adding about 70 ... evaluated and achieved the ICH’s regulations Conclusion: The developed HPLC method can be used to determine the nifedipine in drug - excipient compatibility testing samples, which will use in pre-formulation ... Nguyen Thanh Hai 2 ; Trinh Van Lau 3 ; Truong Ngoc Hien 1 SUMMARY Objectives: To develop and validate the determination method of nifedipine in drug - excipient compatibility testing samples by high

Ngày tải lên: 14/01/2020, 21:45

... Chemicals and laboratory machines Kits for testing enzymes and metabolites in blood: ALT (alanin aminotransferase), AST (aspartat aminotransferase), total bilirubin, albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine ... nanoparticles International Journal of Nanomedicine 2015;10:137-148. 4 De Jong WH, Carraway JW, Geertsma RE In vivo and in vitro testing for the biological safety evaluation of biomaterials and medical ... University. 4 Acute toxicity study Acute toxicity study were carried out according to WHO Guidance and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines (OECD guidelines).8,9 Group

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2022, 17:30

... VX-680 inhibits activation of A and induces monopolar spindle in NB4-R2 cells (A) VX-680 inhibited phosphorylation of Aur-A at Thr288 in NB4-R2 cell line Cells were incubated with increasing doses ... Juan Li2,4, Dong-Jun Lin3,4 and Quentin Liu1,3,4* Abstract Background: Aurora kinase ensures accurate chromosome segregation during cell cycle, maintaining genetic integrity in cell division VX-680, ... usage of VX-680 inhibition of Aurora kinase in ATRA-resistant APL remains unknown Here we showed that Aurora kinase small-molecule inhibitor VX-680 led to mitotic defects in spindle and decreased

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... force and shaft torque The final linkage design was chosen by considering link-age kinematic performance (e.g no singularities, linear coordination between driver link rotation and coupler link ... Adequate hand function, particularly prehension, is vital for many activities of daily living including feeding, bathing and dressing Accordingly, there has been much focus on both understanding the ... active movements performed inside and outside of HEXORR Interjoint coordination was examined in the 1st and 3rddigits, and no differences were found between inside and outside of the device (P

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... an HIV test and encourage voluntary HIV testing. What may be more interesting and informative for devel- oping and implementing programs promoting voluntary HIV testing is the finding that persons ... ethnic groups. Drugs Soc 1996, 9:173-184. 17. Voluntary HIV-1 Counseling and Testing Efficacy Study Group: Effi- cacy of voluntary HIV-1 counselling and testing in individuals and couples in Kenya, ... comes, such as increased knowledge and awareness, improved attitudes, and willingness to seek HIV testing. In the last 3 submodels, when examining the relationship between HIV testing and sexual

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... opi-nions and experiences relating to routine HIV counsel-ling and HIV testing in the antenatal clinic, and knowledge of mother to child transmission of HIV and infant feeding options for HIV-infected ... eastern Uganda Study participants ’ characteristics (variables) a Male HIV testing in antenatal clinic in intervention group (N = 290) b Male HIV testing in antenatal clinic in non-intervention ... antenatal clinic accepted HIV counselling and testing for HIV A similar finding has been reported in other studies in the region [22,35] The implication of this finding is that increasing male antenatal

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... of pilot symbols mini-mizing the frequency-domain channel estimate MSE and are in general more preferable than pilot symbols minimizing the time-domain channel estimate MSE Pilot symbols minimizing ... minimizing the time-domain channel esti-mate MSE can be obtained by just replacingR with I in (30) (cf (23) and (22)), and apply the same design pro-cedure used for the pilot symbols minimizing ... optimize the remaining pilot symbols Similarly, for the ith iteration, after removing subcarriers corresponding to N (i) r minimum power, we optimize pilot power for the remaining set again with SDP

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... potently and efficaciously inhibits ERK and mTOR signaling in sensory neurons in vitro The mTOR [39-42] and ERK pathways [43] have been linked to pathology in multiple preclinical pain models and ... distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited Resveratrol engages AMPK to attenuate ERK and mTOR signaling in sensory neurons and inhibits incision-induced acute ... fashion and that these effects are mediated by AMPK activation and independent of sirtuin activity Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is thought to play an important role in incision-induced pain and resveratrol

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... were incu-bated with 0.5% PAS for 10 min in a dark chamber and washing with distilled water for 3 min, finally all of these sections were counterstained with hematoxylin The Microvessel in marginal ... cell line in vivo and in vitro Based on these results, we hypothesized that the two different tumor cell lines, including GBC-SD and SGC-996, can exhibit significant different invasive ability and ... staining: 12 paraffin-embedded tissue speci-mens of tumor xenografts were deparaffinized, hydrated, and stained with H&E Companion serial section were stained with double staining of CD31 and

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... intact HA in order to maintain cell integrity and decrease lung injury, but also mediate macrophage inflammatory responses to HA fragments following chemically induced tissue injury [72,80] Infectious ... pathways includ-ing the intracellular signalinclud-ing adaptor protein IPS-1 and the kinase PKR. Defective innate immunity may predispose to acute exacerbations of COPD that are characterized by acutely ... in genetically predisposed individuals by infection In some cases these infections may induce an inflammatory state that protects against asthma, while in others the infection may elicit an acute

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... neu-rocognitive domains (i.e., working memory, verbal mem-ory, and processing speed) and 3 discrete domains of functioning (i.e., QLS Instrumental, QLS Intrapsychic, and QLS Interpersonal) at baseline and following ... cognition, including working memory, processing speed, and verbal memory as the independent variables; 2) PANSS Neg and PANSS Pos as intermediate outcomes; and 3) 1 of 3 functional domains, including ... baseline was observed in working memory and verbal memory, although not in processing speed For functioning, significant improvement from baseline was observed for the QLS Instrumental and QLS Intrapsychic

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... is required to mini-mize the risks [2] A series of instruments are used in clinical and research settings, allowing the rapid assess-ment of the levels of aggression and anxiety in patients The ... in emer-gency psychiatric services and specialist psychiatric units for acute psychoses [1] During these emergency situa-tions, some injuries to both patients and staff may occur, and rapid and ... analysis resulted in one factor being retained according to eigenvalue≥1 At admission, the PANSS-EC and CGI-S were found to be linearly related, with an average increase of 3.4 points (p < 0.001)

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:22

... 99 Chapter Screens in Safety and Hazard Assessment 112 Chapter Acute Toxicity Testing in Drug Safety Evaluation 130 Chapter Genotoxicity 176 Chapter Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity Studies 237 ... Drug Safety Assessment 634 Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics in Drug Safety Evaluation 691 Chapter 19 Safety Pharmacology 737 Chapter 20 Evaluation of Human Tolerance and Safety in Clinical ... detailed in a later section of this chapter In vitro methods are increasingly providing new tools for use in both early screening and the understanding of mechanisms of observed toxicity in preclinical...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 01:13

... of chronic toxicity tests using naupliar and copepodite stages in addition to the acute and subchronic toxicity tests conducted in the present study CONCLUSIONS Acute and subchronic toxicity of ... (median effect concentration) in chronic toxicity tests and the acute- chronic ratio, which have not been simultaneously determined in most acute and chronic toxicity studies In the present study, the ... per female in control and acetone-control and between the values in control and test solutions (for each TBTCl concentration) in each experiment (every two days) RESULTS Acute toxicity in adult...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... 81 Mg2+-independent Neutral Sphingomyelinases 84 Alkaline Sphingomyelinase from the Intestinal Tract 85 Bacterial Sphingomyelinase-phospholipase C 85 Sphingomyelinase Mechanism 85 Binding of Magnesium ... Alonso Introduction and Scope Sphingomyelinases 80 Types of Sphingomyelinases 80 Acid Sphingomyelinase (aSMase) 80 Secretory Sphingomyelinase (sSMase) 81 Neutral, Mg2+-dependent Sphingomyelinases ... Ions 85 Binding of Substrate 85 Mechanism of Catalysis 86 Sphingomyelinase Assay 88 Sphingomyelinase Inhibitors 89 Sphingomyelinase–Membrane Interactions 89 Lipid Effects on Sphingomyelinase Activity...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 05:20

... staining is brown The section is counter stained with hematoxylin (B) In situ staining of renal VT1 bound in vivo VT1 (50 lg per mouse) injected i.p and bound within the kidney was immunostained ... endothelial staining in Fabry mouse; (C, D) lung – epithelial cell staining increased in Fabry mouse; (E, F) brain microvascular endothelial staining in Fabry mouse Magnification ·16 no VT1 staining of ... three individual mice in each category are shown.) Magnification: (a–c, e–g) ·40; (d, g, i–l) ·16 * ¼ central veins, p ¼ portal veins Inserts in (a) and (b) show Kupffer cell staining, and in (d)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... gasoline, or industries Lead occurs in drinking water through leaching from lead-containing pipes, faucets, and solder, which in turn can be found in plumbing of older buildings • • • Foods and ... deposition into leafy vegetables (Mushak et al 1989 as cited in AAP 1993) grinding or cutting equipment during processing Packaging Lead in packaging may contaminate food • • Bright red and yellow paints ... of gasoline in the U.S between 1976 and 1996 The major exposure pathways for workers are inhalation and ingestion of lead-bearing dust and fumes Workers in the lead smelting, refining, and manufacturing...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 10:20