3 physical properties of thermotropic liquid crystals

... 125 3.3 Specific Heat 139 3.3.1 Prediction of Specific Heat 139 3.3.2 Measurement of Specific Heat 142 3.3.2.1 Method of Mixture 142 3.3.2.2 Method of Guarded Plate 143 3.3.2.3 ... 181 4.3.5.2 Dielectric Properties of Carbohydrates 181 4.3.5.3 Dielectric Properties of Proteins 185 4.3.5.4 Dielectric Properties of Fat 186 4.3.6 Assessment of Quality of Foods ... Principles of Microwave Heating 173 4.3.1.1 Ionic Interaction (Ionic Conduction) 173 4.3.1.2 Dipolar Rotation 173 4.3.2 Definition of Dielectric Properties 174 4.3.3 Effects of Moisture

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2017, 09:00

... will determine the viability of fusion power.The radiation field will modify to some degree all of the important material physical and mechanicalproperties Some of the induced changes will be ... the first wall of ITER, the dose rate will be of the order of 104Gy s
1 The response of insulators to both displacement and ionizing radiation is far more complex than in the case of metals Apart ... insulat-ing components of the systems The results of these radiation damage processes are flux- and fluence-dependent changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the materials, which

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2018, 17:12

... unit volume (78.352-173.084 mm3), surface area (89.411-153.243 mm2), 1000 grain weight (120.2-132.432g) and angle of repose (25.25o-30.08o) increases as the moisture content of soaked soybean ... Measurement of physical properties of soybean The physical properties of soybean were important to design the equipment’s and transportation, processing and storage Physical properties such ... grain wt (g) BD (Kg/m 3 ) TD (Kg/m 3 ) CD 5% Trang 7Table.2 Regression equations for physical properties of soaked soybean Arithmetic Mean Diameter (mm) 5.330 - 6.933 0.0552 x +5.769 0.84

Ngày tải lên: 09/01/2020, 15:30

... physical properties of building materials As many of these materials are exposed to wet conditions during service life, numerous studies investigated the influence of water storage on their physical ... mobility of pore water and polymers, (2) volumetric changes, and (3) reinitiated hydration of the cement 4.1 Influence of water intrusion and related mobilisation of polymers on mechanical properties ... (water / cement ratio) of approximately 0.8 and characterised by high air void contents of more than 20 vol.%, and low The influence of water contact on the mechanical properties of polymer-modified

Ngày tải lên: 13/01/2020, 01:26

... density (1.359, 1.363 and 1.362Mg m-3) respectively compared to the control (1.38 Mg m-3) The percentage decrease in bulk density was 1.53, 1.24 and 1.31% respectively The application of biochar ... vermicompost and FYM The application of biochar and RDF resulted in decrease in bulk density (1.366 and 1.372 Mg m-3) which was on par with the control (1.373 Trang 3Mg m-3) The reduction in bulk density ... density (1.354, 1.356 and 1.362 Mg m-3) respectively compared to the control (1.373 Mg m-3) The percentage decrease in bulk density was 1.4, 1.24 and 0.81 % respectively, with application of tanksilt,

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2020, 22:04

... 42 3.1.1 Temperature 42 3.1.2 Soaking time 43 3.1.3 Various sources of solutions 43 3.1.4 Concentration of nutrient solution 44 3.1.5 Selected salts: salt content and types of valance 45 3.1.6 ... regimes and soil 70 3.3.1 pH xylem , [ABA]leaf, and [ABA]xylem 70 3.3.2 Plant water status 72 3.3.3 Stomatal conductance (Gs) 74 3.3.4 Green leaf area 75 3.3.5 Summary of results from split ... analysis 33 2.2.6 Plant Water status 33 2.2.7 Gas exchanges 34 2.3 Effects of Geohumus and two soil types (sandy soil and compost) on drought induced maize root-shoot communication 34 2.3.1 Experimental

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2021, 20:33

... 42 3.1.1 Temperature 42 3.1.2 Soaking time 43 3.1.3 Various sources of solutions 43 3.1.4 Concentration of nutrient solution 44 3.1.5 Selected salts: salt content and types of valance 45 3.1.6 ... regimes and soil 70 3.3.1 pH xylem , [ABA]leaf, and [ABA]xylem 70 3.3.2 Plant water status 72 3.3.3 Stomatal conductance (Gs) 74 3.3.4 Green leaf area 75 3.3.5 Summary of results from split ... analysis 33 2.2.6 Plant Water status 33 2.2.7 Gas exchanges 34 2.3 Effects of Geohumus and two soil types (sandy soil and compost) on drought induced maize root-shoot communication 34 2.3.1 Experimental

Ngày tải lên: 01/03/2021, 13:46

... the United States of America [2] Ignacio Arana (2012) Physical Properties of Foods- Novel Measurement Techniques and Applications CRC Press ISBN -13: 978-1-4398-3537-1 [3] Ludger Figura and ... [5] Serpil Sahin and Servet Gülüm Sumnu (2006) Physical Properties of Foods ISBN-13: 978-0387-30780-0, Springer, Printed in the United States of America. Trang 7Tại sao phải nghiên cứu tính ... water activity, not solute activity Trang 33The typical water activity of some foodstuffs Type of product Water Activity (aw)Trang 34Undissolved soluteTrang 35Multicomponent Foods• Cheese and crackers

Ngày tải lên: 11/07/2022, 14:52

... C21σxx+C22σyy+C23σzz+C24τyz+C25τzx+C26τxy εzz = C31σxx+C32σyy+C33σzz+C34τyz+C35τzx+C36τxy γyz = C41σxx+C42σyy+C43σzz+C44τyz+C45τzx+C46τxy γzx = C51σxx+C52σyy+C53σzz+C54τyz+C55τzx+C56τxy γxy = C61σxx+C62σyy+C63σzz+C64τyz+C65τzx+C66τxy ... of Elasticity E = 200 GPa Bar AP and BP have lengths of LAP= 200 mm and LBP= 250 mm respectively Deter-mine the applied force F Fig C3.3 P F 75o 30 o A B Trang 9August 2012 3-9 C3.4 A gap of ... 1August 2012 3-1Mechanical Properties of Materials Learning objectives • Understand the qualitative and quantitative description of mechanical properties of materials • Learn the logic of relating

Ngày tải lên: 24/02/2023, 13:31

... conductivities of (a) NiCoFeCrMn and (b) NiCoFeCrPd. NiCoFeCrMn 5.6 1.3 4.3 13.7 6.8 6.9 NiCoFeCrPd 4.2 0.8 3.4 10.3 4.8 5.5 Table 3 Total thermal conductivity (κ) and an estimate of the electronic ... Mag Mag Mater 186, 357–372 (1998). 19 Tsai, M.-H Physical properties of high entropy alloys Entropy 15, 5338–5345 (2013). 20 Lucas, M S et al Magnetic and vibrational properties of high-entropy ... species (e.g Cr) are more critical than the number of elements32,33 In the case of physical properties, however, the general picture of the effects of chemical complexity on magnetism and electrical

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2023, 15:18

... 30 2.2.3 Optical properties 33 2.2.4 Antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays 36 2.3 The first goal 38 3 Alignment of AFLCs 39 3.1 Prototype cells 39 3.2 Optimization of ... deforma-352.12 The direction of the optic axes for an antiferroelectric liquid crystal 372.13 The working principle of an AFLCD 43 3.3 The alignment (left) obtained for a cell of which only one substratereceived ... determines the stability of themesophase For thermotropic liquid crystals the stability of the phasedepends only on the temperature Thermotropic liquid crystals areused in most cases of ‘technological’

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2023, 16:42

... 1Chapter 3THE PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Trang 2THE NATURE OF GASES 3.1 Observing Gases3.2 Pressure 3.3 Alternative Units of PressureTHE GAS LAWS 3.4 The Experimental Observations3.5 ... Maxwell Distribution of SpeedsREAL GASES 3.12 Deviations from Ideality3.13 The Liquefaction of Gases3.14 Equations of State of Real Gases Trang 4LIQUID STRUCTURE 3.15 Order in Liquids3.16 Viscosity ... Applications of the Ideal Gas Law3.6 Gas Density 3.7 The Stoichiometry of Reaction Gases3.8 Mixtures of Gases Trang 3MOLECULAR MOTION 3.9 Diffusion and Effusion3.10 The Kinetic Model of Gases3.11 The

Ngày tải lên: 17/06/2024, 14:54

... (2001) 79–84. [13] Klasnja S., Kopitovic S., Orlovic S., Variability of some wood properties of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) clones, Wood Sci Tech 37 (2003) 331–337. [14] Kopitovic ... knot-free specimens were loaded at the centre at a rate of 8 mm per min in order to reach a duration of the test of 300± 120 s Of each stem, two logs of 2.6 m were peeled using industrial equipment to ... increasing height, following the trend of increasing density 3.4 Veneer quality – Density and mechanical properties of plywood Figure 4 gives an overview of the efficiency of the veneer processing as well

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... n = n =1,2,3       = d x n ψ 2 sin n =1,2,3 V 0 = x x = d ∞ • • • ∞ Trang 53.225 23 Particle in Box z k y k x k A z y x n ( , , ) = sin 1 ⋅ sin 2 ⋅ sin 3 ψ 2 3 2 2 2 ... © E Fitzgerald-1999 Representation of E,k for 2-D Material E(kx,ky) kx ky m k k 2 ) ( 2 2 = h © E Fitzgerald-1999 Trang 83.225 3 Representation of E,k for 3-D Material kx ky kz Ε(kx,ky,kz) ... Fitzgerald-1999 Trang 73.225 1Representation of E,k for 1-D Material 2 1 2 2 2 1 ) ( 2 − = = = = E m k m L dE dk dk dN E g L k h h π π π g(E)=density of states=number of electron states per energy

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20

... patient-reported measures of physical aspects of health (e.g., pain or the physical component score of the SF-36) PRO measures of non-physical aspects of health and clinical outcome measures (e.g., ... Bref) Arthritis Care & Research 2003, 49(S5):S113-S133. 7 Katz PP: Measures of adult general functional status: The barthel index, katz index of activities of daily living, health assessment ... other aspects of physical health and moderately (0.30 <r < 0.60) with clinical outcome measures and patient reported non-physical aspects of health Following the quality criteria of Terwee

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:20

... resonance behavior (30,31") electrical properties (32-35), and tensile strength and ultimate elongation in elastomers (36,37) In view of the great practical importance of the glass transition ... understanding of the molecular origin of polymer me-chanical behavior (3,4,6,35,42-45) and plays a central role in establishing the framework, mentioned above, which relates the properties of different ... values of Tg additional information must be available, such as the Tg value of a known mixture or the coefficients of thermal expansion (aAand a,,) of" the pure components in both their liquid

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... In thermotropic liquid crystals, the formation of mesophases is temperature-dependent; as for lyotropic liquid crystals, they necessitate the use of a solvent for forming mesophases Liquid crystals ... means of a block (or graft) copolymer consisting of the same monomeric units as those of the homopolymers to be mixed Trang 17MORPHOLOGY OF MACROMOLECULAR SYSTEMS 133Figure 5.36 Diagram of the ... (b) of a single crystal of polyethylene of pyramidal shape [Courtesy of J C Wittmann, ICS, CNRS Strasbourg (France).] Figure 5.23 Transmission electron micrography of monolamellar single crystals

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... 3 Films 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Experimental 46 3.3 Results and Discussion 46 3.3.1 Stoichiometry and Morphology 46 3.3.2 Structural Properties and Phase Transition 48 3.3.3 Origin of ... Engineering of Physical Properties 15 1.2.4 Determination of Octahedral Rotations 18 1.3 SrRuO3 Thin Films 19 1.3.1 Structure of bulk SRO and thin film SRO 21 1.3.2 Magnetic Properties 24 1.3.3 Electrical ... 4.3 Results and Discussion 81 4.3.1 Crystal Structures 81 4.3.2 Identification of Octahedral Rotations 82 4.3.3 Control of Octahedral Rotations 87 4.3.4 Control of Physical Properties 93

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:09

... … ………54 3.2 Results and Discussions……… …….…… 56 Trang 53.2.1 Synthesis……….……… ……… 56 3.2.2 Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties……… ……….57 3.2.3 Aggregation in Solution……… …….59 3.2.4 Thermal ... D.R.P 276357, 1913; Kardos, M Chem Abstr 1914, 8, 22317 b) M Kardos, D.R.P 276956, 1913; Kardos, M Chem Abstr 1915, 9, 6398 15 Zollinger, H Color Chemistry, 3rd ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2003 16 ... this thesis Trang 3TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGEMENTS……… ……… I TABLE OF CONTENTS……… ……… II SUMMARY……… ……….…….VI LIST OF TABLES……… ……… ………….IX LIST OF FIGURES……… ……… ……X LIST OF SCHEMES……… ………XV

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:38

... birefringence of ferrofluid suspensions [34 a] and the birefringence of liquid crystals [39 ] We combine here the models for ferrofluids and liquid crystals, since both terms of the magnetic energy of goethite ... a function of the angle θ Taking µ ≈ 1000 µB , V ≈ 3. 7×10− 23 m3 , ∆χ ≈ 3 10−4 , the coefficients µ and ∆χV /2µ0 of the cos θ and cos2 θ terms of equation (10) are of the same order of magnitude ... study of ferrofluid suspensions [34 a, 43] , the birefringence and the magnetization of a suspension of goethite particles can be B.J Lemaire et al.: Physical properties of aqueous suspensions of goethite...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:06