Tài liệu McGraw-Hill - Microsoft SQL Server 2008_ A Beginner_s Guide (2008)01 pptx

He is the author of SQL Server 7: A Beginner’s Guide, SQL Server 2000: A Beginner’s Guide, and Microsoft SQL Server 2005: A Beginner’s Guide, and is a frequent contributor to SQL Server

Microsoft ® SQL Server™ 2008

A Beginner’s guide

About the Author

Dušan Petković is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at the

Polytechnic in Rosenheim, Germany He is the author of SQL Server 7: A Beginner’s

Guide, SQL Server 2000: A Beginner’s Guide, and Microsoft SQL Server 2005: A Beginner’s Guide, and is a frequent contributor to SQL Server Magazine.

About the Technical Editor

Todd Meister has been using Microsoft technologies for over ten years He’s been a

technical editor on over 40 titles ranging from SQL Server to the NET Framework

In addition, he is an assistant director for computing services at Ball State University

in Muncie, Indiana He lives with his wife, Kimberly, and their four children in central Indiana Contact Todd at tmeister@sycamoresolutions.com

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Microsoft ® SQL Server™ 2008

A Beginner’s guide

Dušan Petkovi´c

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Contents at a Glance

Part I Basic Concepts and Installation

Chapter 1 Relational Database Systems—An Introduction 3

Chapter 2 Planning the Installation and Installing SQL Server 21

Chapter 3 SQL Server Management Studio 39

Part II Transact-SQL Language Chapter 4 SQL Components 67

Chapter 5 Data Definition Language 91

Chapter 6 Queries 125

Chapter 7 Modification of a Table’s Contents 199

Chapter 8 Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions 215

Chapter 9 System Catalog 243

Chapter 10 Indices 257

Chapter 11 Views 279

Chapter 12 Security System of Database Engine 301

Chapter 13 Concurrency Control 343

Chapter 14 Triggers 367

Part III SQL Server: System Administration Chapter 15 System Environment of Database Engine 389

Chapter 16 Managing Instances and Maintaining Databases 405

Chapter 17 Backup and Recovery 413

Chapter 18 Automating System Administration Tasks 447

v i M i c r o s o f t S Q L S e r v e r 2 0 0 8 : A B e g i n n e r ’s G u i d e

Chapter 19 Data Replication 465

Chapter 20 Query Optimizer 485

Chapter 21 Performance Tuning 517

Part IV SQL Server and Business Intelligence Chapter 22 Business Intelligence—An Introduction 549

Chapter 23 Microsoft Analysis Services 565

Chapter 24 Business Intelligence and Transact-SQL 579

Chapter 25 Microsoft Reporting Services 605

Chapter 26 Optimizing Techniques for Business Intelligence 623

Part V Beyond Relational Data Chapter 27 Overview of XML 641

Chapter 28 SQL Server and XML 651

Chapter 29 Introduction to Spatial Data 673

Index 683

Contents

Acknowledgments xxi

Introduction xxiii

Part I Basic Concepts and Installation Chapter 1 Relational Database Systems—An Introduction 3

Database Systems: An Overview 4

Variety of User Interfaces 5

Physical Data Independence 5

Logical Data Independence 5

Query Optimization 6

Data Integrity 6

Concurrency Control 6

Backup and Recovery 7

Database Security 7

Relational Database Systems 7

Working with the Book’s Sample Database 8

SQL: A Relational Database Language 11

Database Design 11

Normal Forms 13

Entity-Relationship Model 15

Syntax Conventions 17

Conclusion 18

Exercises 18

Chapter 2 Planning the Installation and Installing SQL Server 21

Planning the Installation 22

Purpose of the SQL Server System 22

Hardware and Network Requirements 23

SQL Server Editions 24

Installation Recommendations 25

For more information about this title, click here

v i i i M i c r o s o f t S Q L S e r v e r 2 0 0 8 : A B e g i n n e r ’s G u i d e

Installing SQL Server 27

Before Starting the Setup Program 28

Starting the Setup Program and Installing Prerequisites 28

Installing SQL Server Components 28

Starting and Stopping an Instance of Database Engine 37

Dedicated Connection to an Instance of Database Engine 38

Conclusion 38

Chapter 3 SQL Server Management Studio 39

SQL Server Program Group and Books Online 40

Introduction to SQL Server Management Studio 41

Connecting to a Server 42

Registered Servers 44

Object Explorer 44

Organizing and Navigating Management Studio’s Panes 45

Using Management Studio with Database Engine 46

Administering Database Servers 46

Managing Databases Using Object Explorer 49

Authoring Activities Using SQL Server Management Studio 57

Conclusion 63

Exercises 63

Part II Transact-SQL Language Chapter 4 SQL Components 67

SQL’s Basic Objects 68

Literal Values 68

Delimiters 69

Comments 70

Identifiers 70

Reserved Keywords 70

Data Types 71

Numeric Data Types 71

Character Data Types 72

Temporal Data Types 72

Miscellaneous Data Types 74

DECIMAL with VARDECIMAL Storage Format 78

C o n t e n t s i x

Transact-SQL Functions 79

Aggregate Functions 79

Scalar Functions 80

Scalar Operators 87

Global Variables 87

NULL Values 88

Conclusion 89

Exercises 89

Chapter 5 Data Definition Language 91

Creating Database Objects 92

Creation of a Database 92

CREATE TABLE: A Basic Form 97

CREATE TABLE and Declarative Integrity Constraints 99

Referential Integrity 105

Creating Other Database Objects 109

Integrity Constraints and Domains 111

Modifying Database Objects 113

Altering a Database 114

Altering a Table 116

Removing Database Objects 120

Conclusion 121

Exercises 122

Chapter 6 Queries 125

SELECT Statement: A Basic Form and the WHERE Clause 126

WHERE Clause 127

Subqueries 142

Subqueries and Comparison Operators 143

Subqueries and the IN Operator 144

Subqueries and ANY and ALL Operators 145

SELECT Statement: Other Clauses and Functions 147

GROUP BY Clause 147

Aggregate Functions 149

HAVING Clause 155

ORDER BY Clause 156

SELECT Statement and IDENTITY Property 158

Set Operators 160

x M i c r o s o f t S Q L S e r v e r 2 0 0 8 : A B e g i n n e r ’s G u i d e

CASE Expressions 164

COMPUTE Clause 166

Temporary Tables 168

Join Operator 169

Two Syntax Forms to Implement Joins 170

Natural Join 171

Cartesian Product 177

Outer Join 177

Further Forms of Join Operations 180

Correlated Subqueries 183

Subqueries and the EXISTS Function 184

Should You Use Joins or Subqueries? 185

Table Expressions 186

Derived Tables 187

Common Table Expressions 188

Conclusion 195

Exercises 195

Chapter 7 Modification of a Table’s Contents 199

INSERT Statement 200

Inserting a Single Row 200

Inserting Multiple Rows 203

Table Value Constructors and INSERT 205

UPDATE Statement 205

DELETE Statement 208

TRUNCATE TABLE Statement 209

The OUTPUT Clause 210

MERGE Statement 211

Conclusion 213

Exercises 213

Chapter 8 Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions 215

Procedural Extensions 216

Block of Statements 216

IF Statement 217

WHILE Statement 218

Local Variables 219

Miscellaneous Procedural Statements 220

Handling Events with TRY and CATCH Statements 221

C o n t e n t s x i

Stored Procedures 222

Creation and Execution of Stored Procedures 223

Stored Procedures and CLR 228

User-Defined Functions 233

Creation and Execution of User-Defined Functions 233

User-Defined Functions and CLR 240

Conclusion 242

Exercises 242

Chapter 9 System Catalog 243

Introduction to the System Catalog 244

General Interfaces 246

Catalog Views 246

Dynamic Management Views and Functions 249

Information Schema 250

Proprietary Interfaces 252

System Procedures 252

System Functions 253

Property Functions 254

Conclusion 255

Exercises 255

Chapter 10 Indices 257

Introduction 258

Clustered Indices 260

Nonclustered Indices 261

Transact-SQL and Indices 262

Creating Indices 262

Obtaining Index Fragmentation Information 266

Editing Index Information 267

Altering Indices 268

Removing and Renaming Indices 270

Guidelines for Creating and Using Indices 271

Indices and Conditions in the WHERE Clause 271

Indices and Join Operator 272

Covering Index 272

Indices on Computed Columns 273

Virtual Computed Columns 274

Persistent Computed Columns 274

x i i M i c r o s o f t S Q L S e r v e r 2 0 0 8 : A B e g i n n e r ’s G u i d e

Conclusion 275

Exercises 276

Chapter 11 Views 279

DDL Statements and Views 280

Creating a View 280

Altering and Removing Views 284

Editing Information Concerning Views 285

DML Statements and Views 286

View Retrieval 286

INSERT Statement and a View 287

UPDATE Statement and a View 289

DELETE Statement and a View 292

Indexed Views 293

Creating an Indexed View 293

Modifying the Structure of an Indexed View 295

Editing Information Concerning Indexed Views 296

Benefits of Indexed Views 297

Conclusion 298

Exercises 299

Chapter 12 Security System of Database Engine 301

Authentication 303

Implementing an Authentication Mode 304

Encrypting Data 304

Setting Up System Security Using DDL 309

Managing Logins Using Management Studio 311

Schemas 312

User-Schema Separation 312

DDL Schema-Related Statements 313

Database Security 315

Setting Up Database User Accounts 316

Default Database Schemas 318

Roles 318

Fixed Server Roles 319

Fixed Database Roles 321

Application Roles 322

User-Defined Database Roles 324

C o n t e n t s x i i i

Authorization 326

GRANT Statement 327

DENY Statement 331

REVOKE Statement 332

Managing Permissions Using Management Studio 333

Tracking Changes 334

Data Security and Views 338

Conclusion 339

Exercises 340

Chapter 13 Concurrency Control 343

Concurrency Models 344

Transactions 345

Properties of Transactions 346

Transact-SQL Statements and Transactions 347

Transaction Log 350

Locking 351

Lock Modes 352

Lock Granularity 354

Lock Escalation 355

Affecting Locks 356

Displaying Lock Information 357

Deadlock 358

Isolation Levels 359

Concurrency Problems 359

Database Engine and Isolation Levels 360

Row Versioning 362

READ COMMITTED SNAPSHOT Isolation Level 363

SNAPSHOT Isolation Level 364

Conclusion 364

Exercises 365

Chapter 14 Triggers 367

Introduction 368

Creating a DML Trigger 368

Modifying a Trigger’s Structure 369

Using Deleted and Inserted Tables 370

x i v M i c r o s o f t S Q L S e r v e r 2 0 0 8 : A B e g i n n e r ’s G u i d e

Application Areas for DML Triggers 371

AFTER Triggers 371

INSTEAD OF Triggers 375

First and Last Triggers 376

DDL Triggers 378

Database-Level Triggers 379

Server-Level Triggers 379

Triggers and CLR 380

Conclusion 385

Exercises 385

Part III SQL Server: System Administration Chapter 15 System Environment of Database Engine 389

System Databases 390

master Database 390

model Database 390

tempdb Database 391

msdb Database 392

Disk Storage 392

Properties of Data Pages 393

Types of Data Pages 396

Parallel Processing of Tasks 398

Utilities and the DBCC Command 399

bcp Utility 399

sqlcmd Utility 400

DBCC Command 402

Conclusion 404

Exercises 404

Chapter 16 Managing Instances and Maintaining Databases 405

Declarative Management Framework 406

Key Terms 406

Using DMF 406

Maintenance Plan Wizard 409

Conclusion 411

Exercises 411