Enterprise PLUS pre int TB for WB

сап Ье resisted 3 form adjectives Ьу adding suffixes to the following nouns and verbs.. Present Perfect Continuous is used for: а actions which began [п the past and are still going

А Ghostly Welcome р 28 Hard Times р 32 Lost Civilisations р 36 Citizens 2050 р 40

"Narrow Escapes р 44 Ancient Buildings р 48 Nature's Fury р 52 Tricky Jobs р 56 Panic is Rare р 60 The Great Fire of London р 64 Scary but Lovely to Watch р 68 ProbIems of the Planet р 72 Quality ог Quantity? р 76 Nature's Secret Art р 80

А Return to the Big Screen р 84 Great Inventions р 88 Suggested Answers Section р 93

Read my Lips

1 Read the text and underline the correct

adjective, as in the example

оnсе when I had а fever аnа

could not 5lеер Тот ;5 very

2) generous/sensitive/decisive аnа

often br;ng5 и5 pre5ent5 back from

the countr;e5 he V;5;t5 When he' 5 not work;ng, Тот ;5

а(n) 3) confident//azy/active реГ50n who enjoY5

cl;mblng, 5ai!;ng аnа cycling Не al50 ha5 а really

4) outgoing//oya//co-operative per50nal;ty аnа love5

meeting new people Тот i5 а 5) reserved/.determined/

se/f-centred реГ50n аnа оnсе he decide5 to ао

50mething, nothing сап 5tOP him Не i5 al50 very

б) ambitious/carefu//responsibIe аnа practi5e5 every

аау Ьесаи5е he want5 to Ье а 5ucce55ful singer

However, he tend5 to Ье а blt 7) shy/.stubborn/

disorganised at time5, refU5ing to admit that he тау

Ье wrong about 50mething Тот сап al50 Ье rather

8) bossy/arrogant/se/fjsh; he like5 giving огаеГ5 to

other5

A/I in a/l, Тот i5 very 5pecial to те а5 he i5 alwaY5

there when I nееа him

2 fШ in the correct word from the list Then,

use the phrases to make sentences

oval, pretty, hooked, curly, early,full, handsome,

green,average,bushy

1 curly hair 6 а(п) pretty woman

2 hooked nose 7 average height

5 а(п) handsome тап 10 а(п) oval face

4

We сап form adjectives Ьу adding various suffixes to nouns and verbs

Adjectives ending in -ful, -ive, -ous, -у, -Iy,

-аЫе describe sb or sth as having the quality expressed Ьу the noun or verb

success ~ successful wave ~ wavy

ас! ~ active friend ~ friendly

(ате ~ famous сотГог! ~ comfortabIe

Adjectives ending in -аbIеl-ibIе сопуеу the idea

of sth that is possibIe to do (or сап Ье done)

accept ~ acceptabIe (it сап Ье accepted) rely ->- reliabIe (they сап Ье relied оп)

resist ~ resistabIe О! сап Ье resisted)

3 form adjectives Ьу adding suffixes to the following nouns and verbs

Nouns/Verbs care attract adventure coward boss digest desire silk courage co-operate

Adjective careful attractive adventurous

desirabIe courageous

Compound adjectives are formed with two or more words and we usually put а hyphen between them These words сап Ье:

ап adjective + noun -(e)d

self-reliant, kind-hearted, metal-framed, curly-haired, tongue-tied

1 John is the Ьоу with the curly hair

John is the curly-haired

D

~

2 Susan wears glasses with metal 1rames

Susan wears metal-framed glasses

Mathew is so nervous at interviews that he is

tongue-tied

Some adjectives form their opposites Ьу

adding certain prefixes Some common

prefixes that form opposites are:

in-: dependent ~ independent

dis-: organised ~ disorganised

If the adjective begins with 1, т/р or r we add il-,

im-, or ir- respectively

/ega/ ~ iIIegal;

polite ~ impolite;

тогаl ~ immoral regu/ar -)- irregu/ar

5 Fill in the gaps with the opposites of the

work; he is totally irresponsibIe (RESPONSIBLE)

child Everyone agrees that he is immature

(MATURE)

6 Cathy made some insensitive remarks about

Ann's new dress (SENSITIVE)

6 Match the words to their opposites

SU!;:1gE~stE~d Answers 0/' '1'1""'''''\

elderly, quite plump, grey hair, small dark eyes, thin lips, floral bIouse

dark curly hair, big dark eyes, wide smile, T-shirt,

dungarees

3 mid-thirties, slim, high cheekbones, long curly hair, short neck, long nose, tired eyes, jumper

white beard and moustache, wrinkles, bIue eyes, smart jacket

The woman in picture О is e/der!y and quite р!uтр She 's got grey

hair, small dark eyes and thin Iips

She's wearing а flora! b/ouse

8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, Present Simple or Present Cont;nuous

1 Her new perfume smells (smell) like spring flowers

2 Peter is seeing (see) his girlfriend tonight

3 Have you seen Mary's new haircut? It looks (Iook) great

4 Oid you put sugar inthe coffee? It tastes (taste) bitter

(think) about?

programme right now

6

Head my Lips

9 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct

tense, Present Simple or Present Cont;nuous

А: Сап I help you, sir?

(she/like)?

decorating and she (4) loves (Iove) Latin music

home and lots qf рiсtшеs, too

enjoy it very much

the music too loud because I (10) hate (hate) Latin

music!

1 О Read the text about Janet Then ask and

answer questions using words from the list

how old, how often, what, when, where

(See Suggested Answers Section)

А: How old is Janet?

В: She is in her late thirties

This is Janet She' 5 in her late thirties аnа she' 5 tall

shoulder-length brown hair аnа

Не, job isn't аn easy оnе,

as she flies from Toronto every week Janet wears а

аnа T-shirts

аnа horse ricling She often goes horse riding

when she has free time At the moment she' 5

taking her horse back to the stabIe to feed it

11 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, act

out the dialogue

["[@J А: What is your best friend's пате, Sue?

[I@] А: How long have уои known ОеЬЫе?

@Е] А: What is she like?

а В: Yes, we do We have а lot in соттоп and we

Since I was five years old

Oh, she's very friendly and kind

Ь) Now ask your partner about а friend or relative of his/hers Use the phrases in bold in the dialogue and the ideas below

to talk about this person

She's very attractive/He's very handsome , since I was three years old/for seven years , generous/sociabIe/cheerful/ sensitive/active/self-confident, enjoy doing the same things/have t~le

same sense of humour/tell each other

everything/have very interesting conversations

(8s' own answers)

The full stop is used at the end of sentences

(not direct questions or exclamations) e.g Не is

а /awyer

The сотта is used а) when we use more than опе adjective to describe something (but not after the last adjective) I've got /ong, brown, curfy hair

Ь) to separate items in а list (but not before and)

I need а /oaf of bread, ten slices of cheese, two cans of Coke and а carton of milk, p/ease

The apostrophe is used а) in contracted forms Isn't = is not

Ь) with possessives It's John's

12 Punctuate the following paragraph

is now staying in England with his aunt, uncle and two

his favourite subject is Biology

we usually write five paragraphs In the

introduction, we give general information saying

main body, we describe the person's physical

арреагапсе (Рага 2), their character (Рага 3) and

selfish Не cares only about himself.) In the

conclusion, we write our feelings/comments

about the person

1 3 а) Read the rubric and underline the key

words

article for the school magazine describlng your best friend Write your article describlng your friend and talking about his character and hobbles

Ь) Read the article and fШ in the

missing topic sentences, а-е (А topic sentence is а sentence which summarises what а paragraph is about.)

grew up together so we've known each other all our lives

easily He's good at thinking up new games to play

quite noisy For example, he likes honking the horn

when riding his bike, driving all the neighbours mad!

@I§] His dad is а pilot and he brings Sam T-shirts

[§lli] А weekend with him сап Ье pretty exhausting

friend

с) Which paragraph describes: the writer's relationship to this person? 1 the

person's hobbles and interests? 4 physical appearance? 2 character? 3

d) What personal qualities does the writer mention? What justifications/examples does he/she give?

(See Suggested Answers -";CI,,,1"Г'У"\

е) Which sentence would уои use to end ап article describlng а person? 2

negative qualities

2 "т sure we'll always Ье friends

unusual hobbies

14 а) Read the rubric and underline the key

words Then, answer the questions in the plan

your article (120-180 words)

Plan Introduction:

Рага 1: What is his/her пате?

How do you know each other?

Main Body:

Рага 2: What does he/she look like?

8

10 Ihe Public Iуе

1 Look at the dictionary entry, the terms and the grammar codes below Then, use your dictionary

to look up the words in the tabIe below and complete the missing information

pronunciation part of speech t Ь/

headword

mermaid /'mз:mеId/ n[c]) (in fairy stories)

We сап form adjectives Ьу adding the

suffixes -0/, -ed, -ing to nouns and verbs:

related to the thing the original noun refers to

experiment -+- experimenta/, philosophy -+- philosophica/

has оп sb interest -+- interesting, amuse -+- amusing

2 Form adjectives Ьу adding suffixes to the

following nouns and verbs

1 practice practical

2 talent talented

3 excite excited, exciting

4 complicate complicated

5 type typed, typical

6 relax relaxed, relaxing

э а) Look ир the following pairs of words that

people often confuse in your dictionary

physical/natural, nice/sympathetic, alone/lonely,

sensitive/sensibIe, bored/boring

(See Suggested Answers

GRAMMAR CODES parts of speech

Ь) Underline the correct word

2 "уе met а lot of nice/sympathetic people during ту

holiday abroad They were friendly and pleasant

listens to his friends' probIems

Relativ1e Cla,uses

Relative clauses modify nouns and are introduced Ьу:

which or that) which join the relative clause

to the main clause

There are two kinds of relative clauses:

defining and non-defining

Defining Relative Clauses

These clauses define the subject о., object of

the main clause There is по соmmа before

а defining relative clause We сап omit the

relative pronoun when it is the object of the

relative clause but we cannot omit it w~en

it is the subject

• We use who/whom/that for people

There's the Ьоу who/that won ftrst prize

Here's the тап (who/that) I told уои about last

week

• We use which/thatJor things/animals

I read а' book whichli:hat was very boring

This is the dress (whichlthat) I bought last week

Whose/of which express possession and

cannot Ье omitted

• We use whose for people/things/animals

This is the тап whose son lives in Paris

This is the house whose residents have Ьееп

away for months

• We use of which for things/animals

This is the room the windows of which need

repairing

Non defining relative clauses

We сап use non-defining relative clauses to

give extra information about the subject о.,

object of the main clause These sentences are

separated from the main clause Ьу commas

and, еуеп if we leave them out, the main clause

stШ makes sense

а) Mary looks very nice; she is the new secretary

who Mary, who ;s the new secretary, looks

very nice

The Browns live n,ext door; their son is а dentist

whose The Browns, whose son is а dentist, live

next door

4 FШ in who, which, that о., whose where

necessary

1 Наггу is the тап with bIack hair which (that) is

starting to turn grey

2 The саг which (that) is parked outside is John's

3 That's the тап who (that) fixed ту саг

4 That's Mrs Smith, whose husband is а surgeon

5 There's а concert оп tonight (which/that) I'd like to

see

10 the PubIic Iye

6 Albert's the тап you should see about уош

garden

7 That's the girl whose father is а circus performer

8 Mrs Black, whose cat died last week, is moving to Bristol

9 That's the tabIe whose legs need mending

10 There's the house (that) I was talking about

5 Make опе sentence from each pair of sentences using the relative pronouns in bold

1 Tim is Lucy's brother; he loves basketball

who Tim, who loves basketball, is Lucy's

brother

2 Апп is very upset; her trip was cancelled

whose Апп, whose trip was cancelled, is very

5 Helen called two minutes ago Нег mother is ill

whose Helen, whose mother is ill, called two

minutes ago

Relative Adverbs

Time: when (= in/on/at which)

1876 was the year when the telephone was invented

Place: where (= in/at/on/to which)

That's the hotel where we spent our summer holiday

Reason: why (= for which)

Lack ог qualiftcations was the reason (why) she didn't get the job

6 FШ in: when, where о., why

1 This is the town where I grew up

2 00 you know the reason why she was crying yesterday?

3 The Star restaurant, where I worked for а while, has closed down

4 1'11 never forget the day when I first started school

5 There аге several reasons I can't go to the раПу

9

10

10 'Ье PubIic Iун

This is the 'house in which Shakespeare lived (formal)

This is the house (which) Shakespeare lived in (informal)

Note: Who and that are not used after prepositions

This is the Ьоу with whom I went out (formal)

This is the Ьоу (who) I went out with (informal)

N ОТ: This is Жс Ьв;' y'.'itR 'v~(Re ! y','Cl'/t eblt

(See Suggested Answers Section)

That's the оfПсе bIock in which ту mother works

Steps

understand what it is about

and choose the item that best fits each gap

make sense

It is easy to believe that rich and famous people are

who уош геаl friends are, which 4) it difficult to trust

are famous, the pubIic wants to know everything about

I

I

you, photographers always try to take photos of

топеу, and people recognise them and 7)

So the next time you start dreaming 8) being

how тапу, how often, when, how long

exactly?

replace the phrases in bold and act out similar dialogues

in January

third in March

for-and-against essay is an argumentative essay

we discuss the advantages and disadvantages

In the main body, we present the points for against with our justifications/examples in

h,",l,",n,~ar1 consideration of the topic and/or we state

opinion Each argument presented, either for

1 О а) Read the rubric and underline the key

words Then read the essay and complete the missing sentences

"Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of

_ r

Have you ever dreamt of being an actor? The acting :

: terms with the bad aspects of their character and:

However, the greatest disadvantage is lack of privacy :

their career, has the chance to express different

aspects of their own personality

the writer use? In which paragraphs?

(See Suggested Answers Section)

10 the PubIic Еуе

favour , For instance, In addition to this,

(See Suggested Answers Section)

А

1 А, а have to арреаг ог behave perfectly wherever theyare

2 А, с сап Ье photographed wherever they go

в

efficient service wherever they go

day's newspapers

role in the world

words Then answer the questions in the plan

Your teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the topic 'Being Famous Isn't Always

Plan

Introduction:

m~irJBody:

Рага 2: What аге уош arguments for? Justify them

СqпсJчsiО,,:

Рага 4: How could you sum up уош arguments?

(See Suggested Answers Section)

ever wondered what it would Ье like to Ье

(See Suggested Answers Section)

12

Around Ihe World

1 Match the words to their opposites

2 Underline the correct word

1 We must try/test the brakes of the саг before we

set out оп ош journey

2 The old/ancient тап had а wrinkled face

3 The Ьоу tried to steal/rob sweets from the согпег shop

4 Сап I have some time to think/consider over уош

proposal before I give you ап answer?

5 We swam in the crystal clear/clean waters of the

Mediterranean Sea

6 After dinner, 1 always have а piece of chocolate cake

for desert/dessert

7 The children's laughter feels/fills the house with joy

Certain pairs or groups of words are used

together very frequently These special word

comblnations are called collocations The

most important collocations are formed Ьу:

• ап adjective + а noun а big house

• а уегЬ + an adverb to think serious/y

• ап adverb + ап adjective terribIy disappointed

• ап adjective + adverb scared stiff

3 FШ in the correct word from the list below

Which kind of collocation do they belong to?

frozen, bitterly, rain, sunny, dark, awful, fierce,

unbearabIy

dark clouds (adj+noun) 6 rain heavily (verb+adv)

а(п) sunny/awful day 7 а(п) fierce storm

frozen stift (adj+adv) 8 sunny/awful weather

bitterly cold (adv+adj) (adj+noun)

unbearabIy hot

(adv+adj)

Adjectives which а) describe weather conditions, Ь) refer to physical feelings sb experiences end in -у

wind -* windy, hunger -* hungry

4 Fill in the gaps with the correct adjective

1 The salty (salt) chips made те quite thirsty (thirst)

2 The weather оп holiday wasn't hot and sunny (sun) but very cloudy (cloud) and rainy (rain)

3 It's quite foggy (fog) tonight; I don't think it's safe

to drive home

'Уее is used with perfect tenses in interrogative and negative sentences

Have уои called him yet?

I haven't (inished yet

'Already' is used with perfect tenses in affirmative and interrogative sentences

She has already paid the bilI

Has she posted the letters already?

5 FШ in yet or already

Mum: Haven't you done уош homework (1) yet ? Jane: Nearly! I've (2) already finished ту Maths and English homework

Mum: Have you studied for the History test (3) yet/ already?

Jane: The test is next week I have plenty of time Mum: You have (4) already failed two History tests I suggest you start studying right away

Jane: But Mum, I have (5) already arranged to go out with ту friends

Mum: They haven't соте (6) yet Call them and tell them you have to stay in tonight

since (= from а starting point in the past)

since 1990

for (= оуег а period of time)

for two years

friends (3) since she moved here She has managed to

Present Perfect is used for:

а) recently completed actions

She has just poste'd а letter

Ь) past actions which have а visibIe result [п the

present

I've laid the tabIe (We сап see that the tabIe is /aid.)

с) personal experiences or changes

!'уе Ьееп to Paris She's put оп weight

d) recent actions when the time is not mentioned

He's visited Brazil

е) with today, this morning, when these periods

are not over at the moment of speaking

He's typed ten reports this morning (It's still morning.)

Present Perfect Continuous is used for:

а) actions which began [п the past and are still

going оп

They've Ьееп working оп this project since Monday

Ь) past actions which lasted for some time and

have visibIe results in the present

He's tired because he has Ьееп jogging for hours

emphasis оп duration

He's Ьееп working here for twenty-two years

7 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct

tense, Present Per(ect о Present Per(ect

Continuous

skiing holiday yet

Around the World

inhabitants of the island (2) have

and catching fish

This nearly (3) changed (change), however, when

(6) refused (refuse) to sell When the hotel developers

9 Match the sentences to the explanations

2 Магу has Ьееп to

but now she is home

yet

1 О Choose the correct item

2 The children cartoons when their father

сате home

3 The dinner she for us was delicious

14

4 They in Manchester since 1994

5 She hard all day, and now she is exhausted

7 The helicopter over the forest when we saw it

8 Brenda up Christmas decorations, when

top of her

Guidelines

In this type of exercise you have to r ' n r v ' ! > ' " ' "'"

the second sentence so that it has а ~ln,""IB~.1"

meaning to the first one You must use

to five words, including the word given

bold Contracted words count as two

e.g it-'s, he~s~ etc You mustn't change the

word The beginning and ending of the

sentence have Ьееп written for you

11 Study the following examples, then

complete the sentences using the words in

bold Use two to five words The first one

has been done as an example

stШ She stШ hasn't cooked dinner

university?

university?

I

-Т

_L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

I

Ьееп I haven't Ьееп to the park for а long time

swimming pool

2 I started taking driving lessons three weeks ago

weeks

3 How long ago did she get married?

4 They haven 't decorated the house yet

time

6 They last played tennis two weeks ago

Guidelines this type of exercise you are given

о а whole text Some of

ClCO>lt"IIf""':'nl"ICO>C are correct but others have а should not Ье there In Exercise 12 milstclkE~S have to do with wrong formation telnSE~S and the adverbs which go with the sentences carefully, put а tick the ones which are correct and cross unnecessary word in the others

12 Tick (tI) the correct sentences or cross out (Х) the unnecessary word

1 3 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, act

out the dialogue

а А: А doubIe with а view

Ь А: 1'11 take it Thank you

с А: How much is it per night?

d А: Неllо! I'd like to book а room, please

е А: From the 20th until the 25th of June

[fLШ В: Certainly When would you like it for?

[§]I] В: We have а room overlooking the lake

@ИJ В: It's Е55 including breakfast

~ В: Сап I have уош пате and credit card number,

please?

Use the prompts to act out dialogues

invitation we start our letter with 'Dear' and

main body, we describe the place and we write

directions to help our friend find the place In the

conclusion, we write our closing remarks We

Read the rubrk, underline the I<ey words and answer the questions

resort and have decided to invite your friend to

соте and spend а weekend with you Write

your letter describing the place and giving

directions to your friend

(8ее Suggested Answers 8ection) What kind of letter is it?

Around the orld

Ь) Put the n::Dt'::D()'t':::Ilnl4l":: in the correct order

Dеаг Michael,

а few directions so you don't get lost Take the train to Poole, then take the Number 152 bus to Sandbanks pier You will see the Royal Hotel оп уош left 1 ат staying in room 23 If you want те to book а гоот for you, you сап call те оп ту mobile Му number is 0944

372649

[]JIJ I hope you'll Ье аЫе 10 join те 1 look forward to seeing you

at the weekend

[]]I] I've Ьееп staying here for а week now, and it really is а

wonderful resort 1 ат staying at the Royal Hotel It is оп the seafront and the rooms have а spectacular view of the English Channel The beach is clean There is а funfair and а mini-golf course which

serve delicious food

rn:ш "т writing 10 invite you 10 join те in Sandbanks next weekend

Love, Katie

с) Circle the phrases from the list below

letter аЬоуе

© I'd love it if you could соте to ""о (Рага 1)

@ Норе you сап соте, (Рага 4)

15 а) Underline the key words йп the rubrk

Then answer the questions in the plan

Plan Introduction:

Main Body:

Рага 2: What does the place look like?

Рага З: How сап уош friend reach the place?

Iraveller's Iales

1 Underline the correct word

1 The sandy coast/beach was full of sunbathers

2 The haunted house is the most popular sight/

attraction at the funfair

3 То Ье а good basketball player, you have to Ье

high/tall

4 Не gave he~an expensive gold/golden ring

5 The тап was still alive!lively when the ambulance

reached the hospital

2 Fill in the correct word from the list Then,

use the phrases to make sentences

bright sun 7 suntan oil

honking horns 8 loud music

а(п) busy street 9 exhaust fumes

crashing waves 10 а(п) саг park

з Underline the odd word out

1 chalet, instructor, straw hat, ski lift

2 gallery, museum, tour guide, goggles

3 sleeping bag, torch, suit, tent

4 captain, ship, port, pilot

5 fur coat, jeep, binoculars, insect repellent

4 Use your dictionary to complete the tabIe

sight, hearing, smell, etc)

We сап form adjectives Ьу adding the suffix -Iess

to some nouns

sense -» senseless

These adjectives show that sb or sth does not have the quality expressed Ьу the noun (contrary

to the adjectives ending in -ful.)

6 Form adjectives using the nouns in brac and the appropriate suffix, -ful 01" -Iess, to fiI

worry about meaningless (meaning) things in life.!

4 The key to ту father's successful (success) caгee~

as а businessman was to always have goo~

:5 It's pointless (point) for те to give you апу helpfuj (help) advice if you're not prepared to follow it

6 The playful (play) puppy chased the kitten 1

7 Mike got а low mark for his composition, becausJ,

he made а lot of careless (care) mistakes J

7 FШ in the correct prep05ition(s)

1 Саре Сапауегаl is located оп the east coast of Florida

2 Мапу ancient artifacts have Ьееп discovered

in the Mediterranean Sea

tomorrow

in ten hours

excited

8 Put the verb5 in bracket5 into the correct

ten5e, Past 5imple 01" Present Perfect

а А: 1) Науе you Ьееп (уои/Ье) to Blackpool

recently?

Ь А: I 1) have visited (visit) several different

last?

А: То Italy, and I 4) had (have) а great time

с А: 1) Did you see (you/see) the Eiffel Tower while

2) Haven't you received (you/not/receive) it yet?

Monday morning

9 FШ in s;nce 01" (or

1 I have had this jacket for five years

3 Науе you seen Robert since his party?

Iraveller's Iales

Clau5e5 of re5ult are introduced with:

е 5uch + (а/ап) + adjective + noun + that

It wos such ап expensive dress that she didn't

е 50 + muchllittle + uncountabIe noun + that

She mode so much pasta that we couldn't eot it 011

е 50 + many/few + countabIe plural noun + that

There were so (ew students in the clossroom

that the teocher let us go home

10 FШ in the gaps with 50, such 01" such а(п)

she couldn't sleep afterwards

11 FШ in the where nece55ary

1 "уе invited the Smiths to dinner this evening

3 We went shopping at - Harrods

5 It is dangerous to go through - Central Park at night

7 I found - French very difficult to learn

18

Iraveller's Iales

9 "т not going to - school today

11 Wеле,еd to care for the elderly

12 Study the following examples, then complete

the sentences using the words in bold Use

two to five words

2 The carpets were so beautiful that I bought two

bought two

to hospital

5 They were such friendly people that we felt welcome

welcome

13 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, read

Thank you so much

I see Well, there is another flight to New

Assessment reports аге written for someone

formal in style and contain factual information They present the positive and negative qualities

as well as what the report is about and the date

conclusion we summarise the information and state our general assessment

14 а) Read the rubric and underline the key

words

~sessing the suitability of Blue Sky hotel for family hQ!idays Write your report giYiI]g the hotel's location and describing the accommodation, facilities, food and cost and availability and booki.!J&

1._11 , ' word

L.ocation, Facilities

The purpose of this report is to assess the

The В/ие Sky has 150 twin-bedrooms and extra

accommodation in chalets for the high season AII

The В/ие Sky has а mini-gym and а small indoor

recreation centre for younger members of the family,

Furthermore/However, for those who wish for а

collection of books including children's litera'ture

Food served in the hotel restaurant is not expensive

The В/ие Sky is ореп аН уеаг and reservations сап

recommended

'/~~~~, the В/ие Sky is а good, clean,

геазопаЫу priced hotel, ideal for family holidays and

"" "." ,,,-'1,,,, а good base to visit the surrounding агеа

15 а) Underline the words in the rubric

Beachside restaurant (excellent, rather expensive)

clean drinking water pubIic telephones tall trees around the site provide shade showers

plenty of space for each car and tent bikes for hire

from the beach

с) Use уои answers in Exs 15а,Ь to answer the questions in the plan

Plan

From: Who аге you?

Subject: What аге you going to wri'te about?

Introduction:

Рага 1: Why аге you writing the report?

Май Вody:

Paras 2-4: What information about the location,

organisation & facilities, food & cost,

Conclusion:

Then, use the phrases to make sentences

heavily, street, dim/soft, deep, rough, rocky,

anxiously, big, dark, hard

SUI:::ЮЕ~stЕ~d Answers ,-:".~ r,.-

wasn't serious

2 James was frightened/gepressed for weeks after

he lost his job

twigs/branches

4 The hunter shot/fired at the target with his rifle

Ешоре

wouldn't get lost

7 It's sharply/bitterly cold today, isn't it?

aliens/strangers

burglar

4 Put the verbs in brackets into the ,."" "'.,,4-1

from the garden I went (go) out to see what

rat

night when George Bailey left (Ieave) his office and (begin) his long journey home

lights went out (go out)

(strike)

7 Не was (Ье) unabIe to sleep because the wind

(whistle) through the trees in the forest outside

direction

fell (fall) and

(get) onto the bus when she (break) her leg

Continuous

1 Angela/drive to work/

mobile phone/ring

2 Аппе and Frank/walk down the street/ Anne/offer/Frank/a new job

meeting

Put the verbs in bracl<ets into the Past 5imple

or Past Continuous

(make) the first non-stop flight around the world in

1927

Hospital in London

4 After the painter Degas went (go) bIind in the late

For Whom the Bell To//s while he was (live) in

Spain during the 8panish Civil War

sixty-one

Enjoy Неаdiпg

Used

Used to expresses past habits ог states which are

She walkedlused to walk to school She didn't use

to wake ир late Did she use to wake ир late?

7 Complete the sentences using the verbs in bracl<ets and the correct form of used to

(not/travel) Ьу plane

2 1 (eat) meat, but now "т а vegetarian

when you were young?

8 Put the verbs in bracl<ets into the correct tense, Past Simple or Present Perfect

(read) the author's previous novel last year 1

(hear) yesterday that he gone (90) to Italy

22

Enjoy Heading

9 FШ in: (ог, оп, with (2), at

1 She sighed with relief when she heard that her

childrEm were safe

2 Тотту shouted help as his raft began to sink

1 О Complete the sentences using the words in

bold Use two to five words

1 It's three years since Graham played tennis

years

weeks ago

3 How long is it since he moved to Italy?

mоуе When did he move to Italy?

cigarette

5 When did you get back?

11 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, read

the dialogues aloud

а В: I bet it was! Well, it's great to see you again

Ь В: That sounds brilliant! How long were you there

с В: '" а nice terraced house оп Grafton Anyway,whataboutyou?

house, you know

Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below to act out similar dialogues

., , , , 'с"', Answers '-·, '~T."'~\\

2 win the lottery/how much/just enough to buy

Techniques to begin or

end а story

А good beginning is as important as а good ending.A good beginning should make уои reader want to go оп with уои story.A good ending wШ make уои reader feel satisfied Уои сап start уои story Ьу:

а) describing weather, surroundings, people, etc using the senses

Ь) using direct speech с) asking а rhetorical question (а question which expects по answer)

d) creating mystery ог suspense е) referring to your feelings ог moods

f) addressing the reader directly

Уои сап end уои story Ьу:

а) using direct speech Ь) referring to your feelings ог moods с) describing people's reactions to the events developed in the main bodys

d) creating mystery ог suspense е) аskiпg а rhetorical question

f) addressing the reader directly

Note that тоге than one technique сап Ье used

in the Ьеgiппiпg ог ending of your story

are beginnings and which are endings Then

rlс.,t"UПiР which of the techniques presented

аЬоуе have Ьееп used in each of the

beginnings and endings

It was а beautiful, sunny September Sunday The

city was peaceful and 1 was at the market hunting

for bargains I didn't know why but I felt particularly

lucky that morning, as if something extraordinary

was about to happen

2 Have you ever had that strange feeling that you

were being watched, and then looked nervously

around to find nobody there? This is what

happened to те опе strange winter's day as I was

~oming home from school

3 I still don't know who wrote that curious message,

ог how the person who wrote it had known that ту

sister needed ту help However, you сап Ье sure

that "т glad 1 didn't hesitate after reading the

note's mysterious warning

4 I knew I would never see the storyteller again and I

felt sad when the old тап left town 1 put ту hand

in ту pocket and found the small, green stone the

storyteller had given те 'In everything, there's а

story waiting to Ье told', is what he had said Then,

I understood that it was time to write ту own story

5 "т sure you will agree that, some days, nothing

seems to go right For те last Friday was опе of

those days It was while 1 was having breakfast that

morning that ту probIems began

Мапу months later, а friend of mine visited ту

house, Не knew а lot about old objects and asked

те where I had found the little bIue bottle which 1

had placed пеаг the fireplace I gasped when he

told те that the bottle was actually worth ten times

the amount I had paid for it "1 wonder if the

stallholder knew!" I thought to myself I'm pretty

sure he did What do you think?

7 "Oscar!" shouted ту teacher "What аге you

doing?" I tried quickly to hide the piece of рарег

under ту books but it was too late The teacher

was already standing next to те with her hand

stretched out asking for it She wouldn'tbe happy

to read what I had written I knew I was in troubIe

Enjoy

Question mark (1)

is used at the end of а direct e.g

is he? but I don't know where he is (indirect UU'~"LIVI

1 3 а) Read the story and punctuate the

second paragraph What do you think of the beginning/ending of the story1

(See Suggested Answers

Му friend, Jim, said, "Let's go to the beach!" So we put our towels and some sandwiches in а bag and set off

As soon as we arrived we pulled off our clothes raced down the beach and fell laughing into the curling white waves The sea was warm and а beautiful deep bIue А little further out in the Ьау а dark shape was sticking out о the sea Неу said Jim 1'11 race уо!.! to that rock We swam fast and а few moments later pulled ourselves panting onlo the rock's smooth warm surface The hot SШl felt 80

good оп ош skin that within minutes we both _е" fast

We must have slept for hours.1 woke when а rush of cold water hit ту face "Jim! Wake up! We're in troubIe!" I shouted, just as а

huge wave crashed over the rock soaking us both with icy water We stared in horror at the rough sea and darkening sky There was по sign

of the beach "It's а storm!" cried Jim, as two тоге massive waves thundered in Terrified and shivering with cold, we held оп desperately

to the slippery rock AII we could do was wait for the storm to pass Whenwe got home, we drank some hot chocolate and agreed that

we were lucky to Ье alive

use writing techniques and correct

''''Г''CC''~arl Answers

2 Underline the odd word out in each group

з Fill in the correct word

gazed watch, staring, look

bag and drove off

the road

1 Zebras have bIack and white stripes

read his secret message

,

4 Put the verbs in brackets into the , "", ,.' tense, Past Perfect or Past Simple

1 Paul had just finished (just/finish) his dinner

2 When I arrived (arrive) at the airport I realised I

ЗАппа had never seen (never/see) snowbefore

сате (соте) to Scotland

4 I reached (reach) the station at 5.00, but the had already left (already/leave)

(arrive) at her house

5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Cont;jr1UC)US

months before the concert

since Easter

З Ву six o'clock everyone had gone (90) home

4 Carrie had finished (finish) the work before boss returned

to the vet

his novel was pubIished

6 Put the verbs in brackets into Past Siтple~

Past Cont;nuous" Past Perfect or Past Perfect Cont;nuous

А It 1) was (Ье) nearly four o'clock and Alan 2)

team and 7) had пеуег played

people before Suddenly it

8) was (Ье) time to go and before he 9) knew (know) it,

towards the pitch along with

7) (Ьесоте) а vet

must ::::: have to

mustn't ::::: not allowed to, it's forbidden

needn't::::: don't have to

7 fШ in the gaps with must, mustn't or needn't

You mustn't shout in the library

-1 have some

apply for the job

in her саг

8 FШ in: in, at

1 Wolves live in packs

3 8he watched in fear as the boat sank

5 We were shocked at the amount of litter in the

streets

9 Choose the correct item

Extinct Animals

3 Магу for four years before she Ьесате а lawyer

4 Аппа is from Paris but in London for two years

5 I Julie yet

6 Тотту is sweaty; he football for hours

® has Ьееп playing

weight

it to the secretary

1 О Find the mistakes and correct them

26

12 Study the following examples, then

complete the sentences using the words in

bold Use two to five words

!"'"

I

1 James is 1 т 80 Brian is 1 т 80

tall James is as tall as Brian

Elephants аге bigger than tigers

not Tigers are not as big as elephants

Му саг cost Е10,ООО Lucy's саг cost Е6,ООО

expensive Му саг was more expensive than

I

: It's forbidden to take photos in the museum

: must You must not take photos in the

I

I

: You needn't water the plants

: necessary It's not necessary 'О water the

I

plants

1 It's prohibited to enter this агеа

must You must not enter this агеа

2 The Velociraptor was not as big as the

Tyrannosaurus

smaller The Velociraptor was smaller than the

Tyrannosaurus

3 The film lasted for two hours The concert lasted for

опе and а half hours

longer The film lasted longer than the concert

4 James is taller than Rob

as Rob is not as tall as James

5 It's not necessary to рау ап entrance fee

need You need not рау ап entrance fee

6 L.ee and Tim run equally fast

as Tim runs as fast as Lee

7 Helen doesn't live as close to the station as I do

than 1 live closer to the station than Helen

8 It's forbidden to park here

not You must not park here

11 Choose the correct item

Few towns have their very own sea monster, but Lyme Regis, а

small seaside town оп the south coast of England, certainly does! The

history of this creature 1) back to the time of the dinosaurs, and

it was found 2) а local woman, Магу Anning, in 1823

Mary Anning and her brother, Joseph, used to З)

(ancient plants and animals 4) haveturned to stone)

found the head of а large 'crocodile' оп the beach at Lyme, and year later Mary found the rest of the skeleton It turned out to Ье

dolphin-like reptile called ап Ichthyosaurus She also found other 5) fossils

'П 1823, Mary found а complete 2.7 metre 6) fossil of а

animal with а long neck and а little head It had four wide flat feet swimming and it was called а Plesiosaur It was the first skeleton of this sea creature to Ье found

Нег discoveries helped тапу scientists at that time 'еагп 7) about the huge dinosaurs that used to live in the sea and оп

millions of years 8)

_ _ """ ,.,

3 А complete ® collect С hold

5 А costly В expensive ©valuabIe

6 А lengthy В large ©Iong

-1 - - _ _ _ _ -

13 а) FШ in the missing questions Then, in

pairs, read the dialogue aloud

what does she look like, what seems to Ье troubIe, сап you help те, when did you last see

А: Excuse те, 1) сап you help те?

В: Certainly 2) What seems to Ье the troubIe?

А: Well, ту dog, Shandy, has gone missing

В: Oh! 3) When did you last see her?

А: This morning She was in the garden опе min and the next minute she was gone

В: 4) What does she look like?

А: Well, she's а small dog She's got yellow fur ап blg brown eyes

В: Well, don't worry I'm sure we'll find her

А: Oh, thank you

Ь) Now, йп pairs, use the prompts below to act out similar dialogues

1 cat/Lucky/afternoon/kitchen/bIack and white fur а

brown ears

2 dog/Fred/last night/house/white fur with brown

1

When we write ап essay suggesting solutions

to probIems we should use formal language For

each suggestion that we make we should

mention апу expected results or consequences

In the introduction of such ап essay we state

the probIem In the main body we present the

suggestions and their expected results/

consequences, each in а separate paragraph The

number of paragraphs in the main body depends

оп the number of sugge~tions we want to make

Finally, in the conclusi~on, we summarise our

opinion

14 а) Underline the I<ey words in the rubric

Who is going to read your article?

::;Ш::ЩЕ~stЕЮ Answers '-Г"'~T,п,n

Your teacher has asked you to write ап article for the school magazine entitled 'How сап we

~aye rare animal species from extlnction?'

Ь) Read the article below and' put the

paragraphs in the correct order Then, underline the phrases which the writer has used to introduce each of the ggestions and results

How сап we save rare animal species from extinction?

IAИJ ELnally, another useful suggestion would Ье to start тоге

captive breeding programmes in zoos around the world In this

-. ::J:ШY., we coul та е sure that гаге specles contlnue to survlve

[[[IO А\\ things considered, there аге тапу solutions to the

ргоЫет of endangered species The sooner we all put these

rur and

solutions into action the better

[ш Secondly, it would hel~ if we took better саге of these

animals' natural habitats, such as forests and lakes Ву doinq this,

гаге species would have safe places to live

)w to [ШJ First 01 all, it would Ье а qood idea to Ьап hunting Ji

hunting were made illegal, then people would stop killing гаге

animals for their fur or other products

fur and [ [ ] It is а well-known fact that тапу гаге animal species аге

in danger of extinction There аге, however, а number of possibIe

Extinct Animals

15 а) Match the items in the two columns

Then, mal<e sentences as in the example

It would Ье а good idea to recycle рарег products If

we recycled рарег products, then fewer trees would have to Ье cut down

Ь) Underline the I<ey words in the rubric Then, answer the questions in the plan

::;ш:)qЕ~stЕЮ Answers ,-,",,~·ror,n

Your work for the 'осаl newspaper and the editor has asked you to write ап article entitled 'How сап we fight against the destructiQO of rainforests?'Write your article (120-180 words)

Plan Introduction:

Рага 1: What is the рroЫет?

Main Body:

Рага 2: What is уош first suggestion?

Рага 3: What is уош second suggestion?

Рага 4: What is уош third suggestion?

Conclusion:

Рага 5: How сап you summarise уош opinion?

с) Write your article for the local newspaper (120-180 words) Use your answers in Exs I Sa and Ь to help you You

сап use the article in Ех 14Ь as а model

::;U(::!qЕ~SlЕЮ Answers Section)

27

28

А Ghostly Welcome

1 Underline the correct word

floor

2 The boat's passengers were relieved/refreshed to

home

4 The old lady had deep freckles/wrinkles around

her eyes

6 The builder climbed up the ladder/staircase which

was leaning against the side of the house

him anytime

8 I don't realise/understand why he spoke so rudely

to you

2 Match the words/phrases to their opposites

3 Match the adjectives to the nouns Each

noun may take more than опе adjective

1

hot, old, golden, bIack, haunted, strong, pouring,

wrinkled, icy, heavy, rosy

informal Phrasal verbs are widely used in everyday English

The police are trying to find out (= discover) how the thieves broke into the art gallery

Ron went away (= left) (or а week

The criminal gave ;n (= surrendered) to the police

4 Look ир the following phrasal verbs in

dictionary and then complete the sentences below

break up, break down, break into, break out

house

2 Schools have broken up for the Easter holidays

computer broke down last night

5 Fill in the correct preposition(s) from the below The prepositions сап Ье used than опсе

along, in, with, to, out of, at, into, of

summers

4 As soon as they reached the restaurant, they

parked and got out of the car

5 The girl trembIed with fear when she saw the burglar

гоот

Time clauses are introduced with: after, as

long as, as soon as, just as, since, before, Ьу

etc.Time clauses follow the rule of the sequence

of tenses This means that when the verb of the

verb of the time clause is in the present form

clauses; we use present forms

1'11 phone уои when I get home (NOT: 'NflCfI I ',','irЧ

gct florнc)

I wcnt to bcd after J had donc ту homework

(NOT: aftc I 60 ffi)' flОffiс,Л'о k)

Ago = back in time from now It is used with the

Past Simple

She left ап hour ago

Не told те she had left ап hour before

She had {tnished cooking before the guests arrived

She had {tnished c/eaning Ьу the time Раиl сате

They waited until everyone had left, then started

cleaning

They didn't start cleaning until everyone had left·

Past Perfect 01" Past Perfect Cont;nuous

when it started to rain

before his trip to Paris

(stand) at the bus stop since six o'elock

years before he gave his first concert

had won (win) the match

the РОliее arrived at the bank

9 ВоЬ had Ьееп trying (try) to get tickets for the play sinee the previous week

7 fШ in: neyeг~ Ьу the time, already, yet., еуег, (ог,

s;nce, Ье(оге, ago, after

1 Мапу years ago this town was just а small village

working with us next Monday

5 Науе you seen Mel Gibson's new film

6 Jill went to bed atter she had watehed the news

reached the market

8 She had packed their suitcases just

еате

9 Науе you ever made а parachute jump?

the taxi

1 1'11 ring you as/as soon as the plane lands

the guests arrived

3 After/As I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain

to the travel agent's

Used to, be/get used to

Used to is for expressing past habltual actions

and permanent states

When I wos о child, I used to wolk to school every doy

There used to Ье о sирегmогkеt оп this street

Be/Get used to means "Ье in the hablt of", Ье or

Ьесоте familiar with sb or sth through experience

I have got used to getting ир ot 4 от now thot "т

working ot the bokery

After о while уои'lI get used to the noise

9 FШ in: used to or islamlare used to

Jane is used exercising - she's Ьееп

going jogging for years

2 John used take the bus to work but

he drives now

3 1 'т used speaking French because I've

lived in Paris for five years

4 Ош mother used to tell us stories when we

were young

5 Pete is used to cooking - he prepares dinner every

evening

6 Diane used to live оп а farm but now she lives in the city

7 Louisa is used to living in а hot climate

8 Не used to work in а bank but now he has his own business

to the news?

2 Сап I ~borrow your саг? Mine's at the garage

and I need to do some shopping

4 "т afraid you ~ were wrong about who

discovered America, so you lose five points

town again

7 Sheiia is studying hard because she has to

like painting and playing the guitar

finishes

the dialogue aloud

weekend

[I@J А: Well, 1 was riding ту blke down а

for help

it started to rain

саг сате along The driver gave те а lift

а В: Oh, how awful! Did you get very wet?

Ь В: That was а relief!

с В: Oh по! What did you do?

е В: Why? What happened?

Suggested Answers driving/run out of petrol/garage/van/into town

the plot and the main characters In the introduction we set the scene and introduce the main character(s).ln the main body paragraphs we describe the events in the order they happened

conclusion we write what happened in the end and how the characters felt We use various adjectives

~it 12 а) the key words in the rubric

Write your story

Ь) Read the story and replace the words in

bold with words and phrases from the list

screamed, thunder ~umbIed loudly, terribIe, terrified, rushing, joyfully, lightning flickered, relieved, chirping

с) Answer the questions

(See Suggested Answers Section)

2 What is the climax event?

3 What is the topic in each paragraph?

4 How has the writer started/ended the story?

5 What tenses has the writer used?

writer used to make his/her story more interesting?

d) Write the plot line о! the story

13 Read the sentences in the two columns below and put the events in the correct order Then, use words from the list below

to replace the bold parts

dashed, appeared, pulled hard оп the brakes, relieved, shouted, swerved, hurried, landed painfully

с Tim couldn't stand up 7

d А cat ran into the road in front of Tim's bike 1

е Тim's leg was hurting terribIy 6

f Тiт called for help 8

9 Tim's bike fell heavily оп

k The driver stopped the car and got out 1 О

Tim was glad to Ье safe

m The driver took Тiт to hospital 12

n А car came round the corner

о Tim decided to repair his bike and mend the brakes as soon

as his leg was better

14 а) Underline the I<ey words in the rubrk

Then, answer the questions in the

Your school newspaper is running а short storl competition entitled 'Close shave' and you have decided to enter

Plan Introduction:

When did it happen?

Main Body:

chronological order.) What was the climax event?

Conclusion:

Рага 4: What was the outcome? How did the main

character(s) feel?

Ь) Write the story (120-180 words) Use

уоиа" answers йп Exs I 3 and 14а to help

уои Remember to use appropriate

~Щ1qЕ!stЕ~d Answers a' Tlr'n

Ь арргоуе of sth people do & support them to go оп

е get топеу for the work you do

2 Form adjectives Ьу using the words in

brackets together with the appropriate

suffix -аbIеl-ibIе to fil' in the gaps

(reason) offer

(sense) diet

3 Cindy is responsibIe (response) for keeping the

accounts in her office

4 This sofa is very soft and comfortabIe (comfort)

5 She always wears very fashionabIe (fashion)

clothes

believabIe (believe)

3 Underline the correct word

1 Oon't m.is s/lose the new television series that

2 Jackie had to retire/resign from her position so

for him in his supermarket

4 I couldn't believe that he shouted at her His attitude/

behavjour was quite rude

гасе easily

6 What is the correct accent/pronunciation of the

word 'tomato'?

before you begin to play

8 Jim agreed to stay late at the office to complete his

jobIwork

conversation about music

their marrjage}wedding will last very long

• for on-the-spot decisions

1;" have а сир ОГ coffee, please

• to express hopes, fears, threats, offers,

think, believe, I'm sure/afraid, etc

1 hope he;1l соте

She'lI probabIy Ьuу а new car

Ве going to is used:

• for planned actions or intentions

I'm going to са" the plumber tomorrow

when there is evidence in the present that sth is going to happen in the future

Look! That tree is going to (а" down!

Present Continuous is used for fixed arrangements in the near future

/'m f1ying to Milan tomorrow

4 FiII in the gaps with will, Ье going to 01"

Present Cont;nuous

hairdresser's tomorrow She's already made appointment

2 I'm very tired I think I will go/am going to go/ going (go) to bed

Fridayafternoon

4 There are dark clouds in the sky It is going (rain)

special detergent

(enjoy) the party

8 She is going to meet/is meeting (meet) her I

at the beginning of next week

10 I will call/am going to call (call) you this eveni

this afternoon

her piano lesson

5 FШ in the gaps with if or unless

you finis~ уош homework, you can't go to the cinema tonight

beach

топеу

4 The ЬаЬу won't cry unless it is hungry

first!

10 1'11 tell you what happened to те last night if you

promise not to laugh

see her, tell her to ca1l те

but: Future forms сап Ье used where when is

When wШ уоu Ье back (rom your trip?

Не is not sure ;( he wШ соте to the party tomorrow

6 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct

tense, Future Simple о," Present Simple

They will check (check) the dates before they send

(send) the invitations

(serve) some dessert

dinner

(Ье) glad to help you

5 When I type (type) the letter, I will make (make)

weekends

Hard Jimes

ingredients

she never does

7 Read the following situations and provide advice for each опе using the expressions below and the notes given Уои сап use your own ideas as well

(See Suggested Answers -";Сн'"'1",""',n

You should/ought to/could; How/What about;

Why don't you; If I were you, I would;The best

1 "Му son isn't doing well at school

talk to his teacher have extra lessons at home

• encourage him to study more

2 "!'ve won the lottery! How should I

travel around the world

• try to work fewer hours

weekends

8 Tick (/) the correct sentences or cross out

(Х) the unnecessary word

34

Hard Iimes

9 Study' the following examples, then

complete the sentences using the words in

bold Use two to five words

; - - - ~ ;

unless You won't understand unless уои рау :

I

I

would If I were уои, I would ask for some :

: I advise you to lose weight

should You should lose weight

1 Why don't you look for another job?

would If I were you, I would look for another job

works Не won't get а unless he

works hard

3 I advise you to give up smoking

should You shouid give up smoking

unless You can't drive unless you pass уош

driving test

5 I advise you to stop eating fatty foods

were If I were you, I would stop eating fatty

foods

unless We'll Ье late for school unless we leave

now

1 О Find the mistakes and correct them

mine

2 She heard the man)(scream for help

outdoors

10 Не was late for the meeting, as -= _ ,

11 а) FШ in the gaps with phrases from the list

Then, in pairs, read the dialogue aloud

2) What do you think I should do?

of the newspaper

А: З) That's а idea 1'11 do that

companies you would like to work for and ask

Ьееп really helpful

Ь) Now, in pairs, use the ideas below to out similar dialogues

Suqqes1ted Answers > ::, "-,'1-,,",,,,\

regular breaks from studying

Letters asking for 01" giving advice сап Ье formal

or informal depending оп the situation Letters giving advice are written in response to а request and contain suggestions to solve а specific probIem which are always introduced with appropriate (formal or informal) language They сап Ье written

Ьу а friend (to а friend), а consultant or somebody who writes in ап advice column in а magazine 'П the introduction we thank the person for his/her letter and express our understanding of his/her probIem 'П the main body we make our suggestions/give our advice together with the reasons/expected results The number of paragraphs in the main body depends оп the number of suggestions we want to make 'П the

conclusion we write our closing remarks wishing the person good luck

Formal letters are sent to people in an official

position or people we don't know very well The

characteristics of formal style in letters are:

• the greeting (Dear Ms Taylor, Dear Sir/Madam)

• frequent use of the passive

• formal language (complex sentences,

non-colloquial English)

• the ending (Yours sincerely,/Yours faithfully)

Informal letters are sent to friends, relatives or

of informal style in letters are:

• the greeting (Dear Al, Dear Mum etc)

• informal language (idioms, colloquial English)

• contracted forms

• the ending (Yours,/Love,/Best wishes, Ellen)

12 а) Underline the key words in the rubric

Then, answer the questions

person

Ь) Read the letter and underline the

phrases which are in keeping with the appropriate style

Оеаг IYJrs Нашрtоп/Gеоrgiа,

Ihank УОУ for уощ leUer reQyestjng/1 just got your letter asking for

advice about what you should do in order to improve your health There аге

а пиmЬег 01 simple ways in which you сап Ьесоте fitter and healthier

without a~ering your lifestyle too much so here's what I think уои should

dod Ьоре the followinq advice wШ Ье 01 some help 10 уои

J wоЩd rЩ;Qmmйшd thaVWhy don't you start walking to work instead of

drivlng or taking the bus 'П this way, уои will get plenty of exercise I would

~о suqqest that уои/I think уои should take some fruit to work with you

Ву dOing this, уои will not Ье tempted to snack оп unhealthy foods

Furthermore, I would advise уои to/what уои should do is eat а salad

for lunch, as this will give уои plenty of vitamins and minerals Finally, I

would suqgest that уои/уои ought 10 drink plenty of water Two litres 01'

water а day us keep our bodies healthy

I hope lbese sUQQestjons wШ Ье 01 help 10 you/this has helped I wish

уои well in your new, hea~hy lifestyle

Lоvе/Y.Qщs sincerely

~Ш]fНеlеп

Hard

1 3 Match the to the :::Hi!"'I ""

use the language from the letter in 12Ь to make sentences, as in the

If уои want to /ose weight, I would suggest that уои cut down оп sweets and crisps

14 а) Underline the key words in the rubric

Then, answer the questions in the

Рага 4: How сап you end уош letter? What kind of

Ь) Use the ideas below to write your letter ( I 20-1 80 words)

at an interview

Уои сап add certain suffixes to some verbs

and nouns to form nouns referring to people

whose job or hobby involves the idea

described in the original verb or noun

-er: ru/e +- ruler, -ian: comedy +-comedian

-or: act +-actor, -ist: piano +-pianist

2 Use the verbs and nouns below together with

1

2

3

4

appropriate suffixes to form other nouns

Certain adjectives сап Ье used metaphorically:

silky hair (smooth and soft, like silk), but а silk

shirt (а shirt made of silk), а stony face (а

disapproving look), but а stone church (а church

made of stone), golden hair (bIond hair), but а

gold coin (а coin made of gold), feathery leaves

(soft and delicate, like feathers), but а feather

cushion (а cushion containing feathers), leathery

skin (tough and hard), but leather trousers

(trousers made of leather)

з Underline the correct adjective

1 She had beautiful gold/golden skin after her beach

holiday

ring for Christmas

6 The children loved stroking the dog's silky/silk coat

leathery/ leather steak today

8 Motorcyclists wear leathery /Ieather jackets to protect themselves from the cold

Не to/d те that he was tired (tell + object)

Не said to те that he was tired (say + to + object)

Не said (that) he was tired (say without ап object)

Study the way tenses change in reported speech

Present Simple -+ Past Simple or Present Simple "Не waJks to school," she said -+ She said (that) he wa/ked to school

Present Continuous -+ Past Continuous "Не

is wa/king to school," she said -+ She toJd те that he was wa/king to school

Past Simple -+ Past Perfect "Не wa/ked to schoo/," she said -+ She said (that) he had walked to school

Past Continuous -+ Past Perfect Continuous

"Не was walking to school," she said -+ She toJd те

he had Ьееп walking to school

Note: Past Simple/Past Continuous do not change in time clauses "Не called те while I was having lunch," she said -+ She said (that) he called/had caJJed whi/e she was having lunch

future Simple -+ would + bare infinitive "Не

will wa/k to schoo/," she said -+ She said (that) he wou/d wa/k to school

Present Perfect -+ Past Perfect "Не has wa/ked

to school," she said -+ She said (that) he had wa/ked

to schoo/

Present Perfect Continuous -+ Past Perfect Continuous "Не has Ьееп wa/king to school," she said -+ She said (that) he had Ьееп wa/king to school

Certain words and time expressions change

according to the meaning of the sentence

now -~ then last week ~ the week before

today ~ that day next week -~ the week after

tonight ~ that night ago ~ before

here ~ there yesterday ~ the day before

соте ~ go tomorrow -~ the next day

Pronouns change according to meaning

То report а question we use:

а) ask + question word (where, why, who, etc)

when the direct question begins with а

question word

"Who knocked оп the door?" she asked him

She asked Ыт who had knocked оп the door

Ь) ask + if/whether when the direct question

begins with ап auxiliary verb (have, сап, do, etc)

"Have уоu got апу топеу?" he asked her

Не asked her if/whether she had апу топеу

In reported questions we use affirmative word order

4 Rewrite the statements and questions in

reported speech

ТhОПlаs said that Jill had broken his computer

Топу asked те where they had made the film

3 "Тгасу has Ьееп studying here all day," he said

day

4 "Аге you taking the dog to the vet tomorrow?" Мг

Brown asked his wife

Mr Brown asked his wife if/whether she was taking

day

Alex asked Angela when he would see her again

Introductory Verbs

Apart from say and tell there are also other

introductory verbs that we сап use to report the

tone of the speaker's words (e.g refusal, apology,

promise, suggestion, advice, etc.)

"No, I won't go."

"Уоu ought to stay in bed."

"['т sorry 1 forgot your birthday."

"Let's listen to some music."

Не suggested listening

to some music

Не suggerted we Iirtenedlshould lirten to

some music

5 Use appropriate introductory verbs to rewrite the sentences in reported speech

1 "1 will пеуег tell lies again," he said

She apologised for spilling/having spilt

She suggested that we went to the cinema that

Indirect questions are used when we ask for information politely They are introduced with

Оо уои know ?, Can/Could уои tell me ?,

Науе уои апу idea ?, Would уои mind ? and I'd like to know We use affirmative word order in indirect questions

"What time does the bus /eave?" -+ 00 уоu know what time the bus leaves?

"WiII he Ье out of the office for /ong?" -+ Have уоu апу idea if he will Ье out of the office for long?

6 Complete the following indirect questions

1 "What is this flower called?"

I'd like to know how much

3 "Where is the station?"

4 "Who is that Ьоу?"

31

_

-38

losl Civilisalions

Steps

what the text is about,

• Decide which part of speech the missing word

is (noun, verb, etc) and what its meaning is

• Read the text again and fill in the gaps with one word only Don't leave empty gaps.The missing

апу); articles (а, ап, the); adverbs (never, ever);

7 fШ йп the gaps with only опе word

Cleopatra was per haps Egypt' s famous queen, but 'l'utankhamen was

of (1) the best known kings Не was young man who ruled between 1333

1323 ВС 'l'utankhamen was only about 18

he died Today, he is known for ЫБ magnificent tomb, , (2) wmch was discovered in 1922 Unlike many other toinbs, it had not been touched (3) robbers

Inside the small tomb archaeologists found the king's coffin, which (4) made of gold 'l'he king's head was covered with а wonderful gold mask, which is now (5) display in а museum in Cairo 'l'he mummy was wearing , beautiful jewellery There were other rooms in the tomb ' (6) archaeologists found furniture, clothes, а chariot and weapons The ancient Egyptians believed Tutankhamen would use these (7) ЫБ death in the next life

Hieroglyphics were found оп the walls which have told I

archaeologists а lot about life in Egypt at (8) time

bank

morning

3 "How did Sid make this?" he asked her

4 "You will meet а tall, dark stranger," she said to

dark stranger

Ьееп Сеliа asked ВоЬ Dick had

IrH1'Г'll'"lnrt her

the dialogue aloud

а В: How тапу places would you like to book?

Ь В: Of course The guide will take you inside опе

the pyramids

с В: Certainly We have two city tours every day

act out similar dialogues

~UqqeS1[ed Answers '-'"",,,",1""""

2 Rome/four places/twenty-five Euros/Colosseum

to respond to something we have seen, read or received in writing, that is, advertisements, letters, notes, invitations and/or visual prompts (maps,

letter you should include all the relevant factual information given in the rubric, using your own words In the introduction we write our opening remarks and explain the reason for writing the letter In the main body we ask questions or give the information required We usually ask our

conclusion we write our closing remarks

holida1: Read the advertisement

as the notes that 1:0u have тa~ and ~: ;;;,.;;;, ;;;

letter asking for information

Read the letter and

in the correct order

Dear Sir/Madam,

[bl]] I also require information оп accommodation WiII we Ье

staying in tents ог in а hotel? If we аге staying in tents, аге these

provided Ьу the centre ог should we bring our own? Finally, I wonder if

you could tell те whether all meals аге included in the full cost ог if the

price only includes breakfast

ШAJ I look forward to receiving details about the adventure

holidays Thank you in advance for your help

[ш] Firstly, 1 would like to know what kinds of activities аге оп offer

at the adventure centre Also, 1 would Ье grateful if you could let те know

whether all the equipment is provided and if this is included in the full price

[QПJ I ат writing to inquire about your advertisement in the July

edition of Holidays magazine 1 ат interested in booking опе of уош

adventure holidays but 1 would Ье grateful if you could send те

Main

Conclusion:

2 Match the adjectives in the list below to the

nouns Some adjectives тау Ье used more

than опсе

fast, healthy, space, clean, boring, fattening, creative,

polluted, well-paid, ready-made, sea, economical,

environmentally-friendly

2 fast; healthy; fattening; ready-made food

3 space; sea; exploration

4 clean air

5 boring; creative job

з Group the words in the list below around

the bubbIes according to their meaning

broadcast, programs, festival, news story, streets,

traditional, viewers/readers, centre, entertainment,

dwellers, costumes, reporter/journalist, studies,

event, mayor, invitation, newspapers, town hall,

laboratory, keyboard, scientific breakthrough,

article, monitor, experiment, council, printer,

scientist, disk, physics

4 Underline the correct word

islaf1d?

Susan Js а British member/citizen The answers/results of the survey

aware of environmental probIems

green

5 FШ in the correct preposition

her shopping

4 When I was younger I cooked for fun, but now I

it boring

new school

friends

6 Join the following pairs of sentences using:

furthermore, ;п addit;on, тогеоуе" what ;$

however, but, оп the other hand, although

people are optimistic about the future, but/on

decreasing The hole in the ozone layer is still

growing

still growing

them would prefer to live in the country

Most people live in cities for work reasons, although

Future Continuous is used for:

а) actions in progress at а stated future time

I!PU Ье f1ying to Madrid this time next week

Ь) actions which are part of our routine

'»11 Ье ironing оп Saturday afternoon as usua/

Future Perfect is used for actions which will

have finished before а certain time in the future

Тот wШ have typed a/l the letters Ьу fJve о' clock

7 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct

tense, Future Continuous or Future Perfect

of the week

(study), as she always does in the evenings

the end of the day?

7 After he has been to Switzerland, he will have

9 It will have taken (take) us three weeks to finish this

Citizens 2050

8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future forms

(fly) to Australia She

sister there, and she is

she leaves she 5) will have seen (see) all

exciting places

graduate (graduate) after three years Of course

he 5) will have to (haveto) work hard but he hopes

first thing she 2) will do (do) is have the roof

(Ье аЫе) to live there She is afraid she 4) will

celebrate with her anyway

working (work) for the same company for thirty

of the time, and she believes she 4) will have visited

seventy years old

9 Choose the correct item

1 "т sorry "т late long?

А Науе you waited © Have you been waiting

41