Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.. Nếu hôm qua nó đến thăm tôi thì tôi đã đưa nó đi xem p[r]
Trang 1UNIT 9: UNDERSEA WORLD (Thé gidi dudi dai duong)
I VOCABULAYRY:
Oceanic (adj): thuộc về đại đương
Undersea (adj): dưới mặt biển
Sea animal (n): động vật dưới biển
Seal (n): hải cầu
Jellyfish (n): con sứa
Turtle (n): rùa biển
Shark (n): cá mập
Divide (v): chia, phần chia
Division (n): sự chia, phép chia
Challenge(v): thách thức (n): sự thách thức
Beneath (prep): bên dưới
Overcome(v): vuot qua, thang = go over
Depth (n): chiéu sau, d6 sau
Deep (adj): sâu
Deepen (v): dao sau
Submarine(n): tau ngầm
Investigate(v): điều tra
Investigation(n): sự điều tra, cuộc điều tra
Investigator(n): người điều tra
Seabed (n): đáy đại dương
Sample (n): mẫu vật, mẫu hàng
Marine (adj): thudc vé bién
Range (n): phạm vi
Fall into (v): có thể được chia thành
Major (adj): chinh, quan trong
Starfish (n): con sao bién, hai tinh
Warter current (n): hải lưu, dòng nước
Tiny (adj): rất nhỏ, bé tí
Closely
Remain
Take action Protect Protection
Sparingly Threaten Threat Species Endanger
Danger Dispose
Disposition Net
Proper
Herbicide Pesticide
Harm Harmful
Release Occur Occurrence Solution Solve
Butt
Explosive
1
(adv): mot cach chat ché (v): vẫn, còn lại, giữ lại (n): tàn tích, di tích (v): bắt đầu hành động (v): bảo vệ
(n): sự bảo vệ
(adj): protective
(adv): thanh dam, tiét kiém
(v): de doa (n): su de doa
(n): chung loai
(v): lam nguy hiém (n): su nguy hiém (v): sắp đặt, bố trí
(n): sự sắp đặt
(n): lưới (ad): thích hợp, phù hợp
(n): thuốc điệt cỏ (n): thuốc trừ sâu (v): làm hại, gây hại (adj): có hại, nguy hiểm (v): thả, phóng thích
(v): xay ra = happen = take place
(n): su xay ra
(n): giai phap (v): giải quyết
(n): tàn thuốc lá (n): thuốc nổ, chất nỗ
Trang 2UNIT 9_GRADE 10
Organism(n): sinh vat, ca thé
Oversized(adj): quá khổ
Oversize(n): vat qua khổ
Contribute(v): góp phần, đóng góp
Contribution(n): su dong gdp
(adj): contributory Contributor(n): người đóng øóp
Biodiversity(n): sinh vat da dang
At stake (prep): bi de doa
Be referred to(v): duoc noi dén
Partly (adv): mot phan
Term (n): thuật ngữ
Refer to (v): liên hệ, nói đến
ExIstence(n): sự hiện hữu, sự tồn tại
Exist (v): hiện hữu, tổn tại
(adj): existent
Balanced(adj): cân băng, có sự cân nhắc
Analyse (v): phân tích
(adj): analytical / analytic Analysis (n): su phan tich
Analyst (n): nha phan tich
Percentage (n): phan tram
Maintain(v): duy tri, bao tri
Maintainable(adj): c6 thé bao quan
Maintenance (n): sự duy trì, bảo trì
Huge (adj): khong 16 = giant
Gestation(n): thoi ky thai nghén
Life span(n): cudc doi
Be at risk (v): lâm nguy, gặp nguy hiểm
(v) = be in danger
Explode Explosion Spill Tanker Litter Whale Mammal
Mammalian
Migrate Migration Migrant Migratory
Name: (v): nd
(n): tiéng nd (v): lam tran, tran ra (n): tàu chở dầu (v): xả rác ; (n): rác
(n): cá voi ; (v): đánh bắt cá voi (n): động vật có vú
(adJ): thuộc động vật có vú
(n): loài thú, động vật có vú (v): di tru, di cư
(n): su di tru (n): di dan = emigrant
(adj): di tru, nay day mai do Feeding ground (n): vùng thức ăn
Krill (n): loài nhuyễn thể mà cá voi ăn được
Conservation Conserve Conservative
Give birth to Feed
Commission
Measure
Sperm whale Carnivore Squid
(n): sự bảo tổn (thiên nhiên)
(v): bảo tôn
(adj): duy trì, bảo tồn (n): người bảo thủ
(n): sinh sản
(v): ăn, cho ăn
(n): ủy ban, nhiệm vụ (n): biện pháp
(n): cá nhà táng
(n): động vật ăn thịt
(n): cá mực
Span (n): gang tay, khoảng cách ngăn
Risk
Accidental Fishing net
2
(n): sự liều lĩnh, mạo hiểm = danger
(adj): tình cờ, bất ngờ
(n): lưới cá
Trang 3Entrapment(n): sự đánh bẫy, mắc bẫy Habitat (n): môi trường sống tự nhiên
Concern (n): su/ méi quan tam Dolphin (n): cá heo
Coastal (adj): thuộc về bờ biển Calf (n): thú con (cá voI con), con bê
Coast (n): bờ biển Cheer (n): sự vui vẻ, cỗ vũ
(v): lam vui mung, hoan ho
Cheerful (adj): vui vé = joyful
II GRAMMAR:
II.1 Should: là trợ động từ khiếm khuyết,được dùng với động từ nguyên mẫu không “f0”, với ý
nghĩa nên làm hoặc đáng lẽ nên làm
1.Cấu trúc:
a) Thé khang định:
S + SHOULD + V (Nguyén mau)
Ex: You should drive more carefully
He should see the docter
b) Thé phu dinh: ta thém “not” sau “should” , dang viét tat “ shouldn’t ”
Với thể phủ định, ta diễn tả một việc không nên làm
S + SHOULD NOT (SHOULDN’T) + V1
Ex: You shouldn’t drink much coffee
You shouldn’t stay up late
c) Thé nghi van: ta đảo “should” lên trước chủ ngữ:
SHOULD + S + V1?
YES, S+ SHOULD
Ex: Should I meet him? No, you shouldn’t
Should I come the party? Yes, you should
2 Cach ding:
a) Diễn tả lời khuyên:
Trang 4UNIT 9_GRADE 10
Ex: We should help the poor
People shouldn’t throw rubbish in streets
b) Từ hỏi + should: yêu cầu cho một lời khuyên
Ex: What should we do to protect sea plants and animals?
e) Diễn tả sự bắt buộc hay nhiệm vụ của chủ từ (rong trường hợp này should = had befter (nên thì hon), oHgh to (phải), be supposed (có nhiệm vụ phải))
Ex: You should do your duty as a child in the family
d) Dùng trong những thông báo:
Ex: Candidates should be at exam rooms on time
e) Dùng trong mệnh đề theo sau động từ diễn tả lời đề nghị (suggest), sự bắt buộc ( obligate), một
mệnh lệnh (command), lời yêu cầu (request), loi khuyén (advise)
Ex: The docter advised that he should take much rest
They suggested that the goverment should pay more attention to moral education
f) Ding trong ménh đề sau tính từ chỉ sự quan trọng, cần thiết:
Ex: It’s very urgent that people should protect rare sea animals
g) Ding trong ménh dé chi muc dich phủ định ở quá khứ, trong câu thường có lest (vì sợ răng, để
cho đừng) hoặc in case (phòng khi, đề phòng)
Ex: He saved money so that his children shouldn’t live in poverty
He wore a mask lest no one should recognize him
He dared not spend money in case someone should ask where he had got it
h) Diễn tả sự trông chờ, chỉ một điều gì đó mà người nói mong chờ xảy ra
Ex: It should rain tomorrow (t6i mong troi sé mua vao ngay mai)
My check should arrive next week (T6i mong ngân phiếu của tôi sẽ đến vào tuân tới)
ï) Should còn diễn đạt ý kiễn của người nói, và thường bắt đầu băng I think (tôi nghĩ) hoặc I don°t
think ( tôi không nghĩ) Và hỏi để biết ý kiến của người khác bắt đầu băng Do you think (liéu, anh
có nghĩ)
Ex: I think politicians should listen more
Do you think we should stop here?
I don’t think people should get married until they’re 21
II.2 CAU DIEU KIEN:
a) Cau diéu kién loai I: cau diéu kién loai I con duoc gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại Điều
kiện có thê xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Trang 5
If+ S+ V (hiện tại), S + will/can/shall/may + V (nguyên mẫu)
+ If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you (Nếu anh vào vườn của tôi, con chó của tôi sẽ căn anh đó.)
+ If it is sunny, I will go fishing (Néu trời năng, tôi sẽ đi câu cá.)
b) Câu điều kiện loại II: Câu điều kiện loại II còn được gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện
tại Điêu kiện không thê xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, điêu kiện chỉ là một giả thiệt, một ước
muôn trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại Thực ra, hành động đó chỉ là tưởng tượng
Ift S+ Vquá khứ ( Va; Be >Were),S+would/could/should/might +V(nguyên
mau)
+ If I were a bird, I would be very happy (Nếu tôi là một con chim, tôi sẽ rat hạnh phúc.) > /ôi
không thé la chim duoc
c) Cau diéu kién loai I: Cau diéu kién loai II 1a cau diéu kién khéng co thuc trong qua khwr Diéu kiện không thê xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muôn trong quá khứ, một giả thiệt trái
ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ
If + S + had + V3, S + would/could/should/might + have + V3
+ If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the movies (Néu hôm qua nó
đên thăm tôi thì tôi đã đưa nó đi xem phim tôi.)
* Hí not = Unless: Unless cũng thường được dùng trong câu điều kiện
Ex: If we don't start at once we will be late > Unless we start at once, we will be late
If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams
™ Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams
III TASK:
TEST YOURSEFL 1
I Circle the word that is pronounced differently from the others
II Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box
challenge discover depend investigate
contribute
1 Scientists have made many important new of the depth by using modern devices
2 Community police have made a very positive to crime prevention
Trang 6UNIT 9_GRADE 10
3 This new điscOVery traditional beliefs
4 They are investigating the disappearance of a young woman
5 Seventy-five percent of the earth surface is by water
6 The power station has been shut down for essential
7 The of the seabed is being carried out
8 Sperm whale populations are at risk due to hunting and their accidental in fishing
nets
9 By the age of eighteen he was complete of his parents
10 The government has just set up a wildlife project
III Choose the word or phrase that could best explain the underlined word or phrase in each
sentence
1 If modern technology did not exist, we would never have such precious information
2 Some marine animals are dangerous to humans
a living in the mountain b living in the ocean
c living in the forest d living in the house
3 The floor was covered in tiny pieces of paper
4 Sperm whales and sharks are carnivores
a animals that live in the sea b animals that only eat plants
c fish that aren’t born from eggs d animals that eat meat
5 We enjoyed the warm water of the Gulf of Thailand
a a small sea
b a large area of ocean almost surrounded by land
c a part of the sea enclosed by a wide curve of the shore
d a large area of water surrounded by land
6 Hunan infants have a gestation period of nine months
a the time during which a human baby develops inside its mother
b the time when a stomach digests food
c the time of eating food
d the time of growing up
7 We had an accidental meeting with an old friend at the party last night
8 How many offspring does a sperm whale usually have?
IV Complete these sentences with should/ shouldn’t + infinitive (or a passive form) using one
of these verbs: include, keep, meet, refrigerate, stay, break, tell, warn, take, play
Those boys football on the street It’s very dangerous
Phis medicIne in a cool place
00) 0 him about this deal It’s supposed to be absolutely confidential
ee in bed all day unless she’s ill
According to the label, the Jam after opening
You'll catch cold if you go out like that I think you a hat
People of the danger of swimming off this beach
Phis information you send details of courses taken at university
10 People their promises
V Give advice to the following people Use I think should or I don’t think should and
one of these phrases
Go to the dentist Take them back to the shop
1 Jenny and Tony are only sixteen, but they say they want to get married
6
Trang 7I think they should wait
2 Kate is crying because I knocked her over We were playing a game
VI Put the verb into the correct form
1 If my grandfather (be) still alive, he would be a hundred today
2 Lecce (offer) to give you a lift if | had my car here
3 Where (you/ choose) if you could live anywhere in the world?
4 lfyou (drive) from London to Glasgow, which way would you go?
5.IfT (live) out of town, I (take) up the garden
6.We (not have) any money if we (not work)
7.L (not mind) living in England if the weather (be) better
8 If I were you, I (not waIf), Ì (go) now
9.]ƒwe (have) more reliable car, we (drive) to Spain rather than fly
10 If Mr Morgan (be) still head teacher, he (not permit) such bad
behavior
VII Comment on these situations Use a type 2 conditional
1 Alan always overeats at lunch because he never cats breakfast
If Alan ate breakfast, he wouldn't overeat at lunch
2 I don’t know enough about the machine, so I can’t mend it myself
VIII Complete these conversations Put the verbs in brackets into the first-or second
conditional
1 A: We’re not late, are we?
Trang 8UNIT 9_GRADE 10
Name:
B:No We (be) fine 1ƒ we (leave) in the next ten minutes
2 A: Come on, can’t you and Anne be friends?
B:No,L (speak) to her again unless she (say) sorry for what
she’s done
3 A: So you think it’s my fault that I feel so tired?
B: Yes, you (feel) much betfter 1ƒ you (go) to bed at a reasonable
time
4 A: What’s your idea of the most perfect place for a holiday?
B: I think I (go) to the Seychelles IfI (have) the money
5 A: Do you and your brother get together very oftern?
B:No, we (see) each other more 1ƒ we (live) closer, but he lives
in Scotland
6 A: Is it going to be a big party?
B: Yes, 1ƒ most people (come), there (be) about 100 of us
7 A: Let’s go to the beach
B: No, it’s too cold If1t (be) warmer, Ï (not mind) going to the
beach
8 A: I don’t know what happened to my dictionary I’ve looked everywhere for it
B: What (you/do) 1Ÿ you (not find) it?
9 A: Do you have any plans for next year?
B: Well, L (travel) if 1.0.0 (can afford) it
But I don’t have any money
10 A: Why do you read newspapers?
B: Well, ifI (not read) newspapers, Ï (not know) what was
happening in the world
IX Choose the correct completion
1 m not an astronaut If1I an astronaut, I my camera with me on the rocket ship
2 Don’t throw aerosol into a fire An aerosol 1F yOU it into a fire
a will be exploded/ throw b would explode/ threw
c explodes/ will throw d can explode/ throw
3 That sounds like a good offer I 1fIÝT VOU
4 Nora is using my car right now If she it back in time, you’re welcome to borrow it
5 If energy inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world be different
6 If you all of my questions, I anything to help you
a don’t answer/ can’t do b didn’t answer/ won’t do
c wouldn’t answer/ can’t do d wouldn’t answer/ couldn’t do
TfL, wings, I take an airplane to fly home
a have/ won’t have to b had/ wouldn’t have
c have/ will have to d had/ didn’t have to
8 ‘Here’s my phone number.’
thanks, I vou a call IfI some help
a will give/ will need b would give/ needed
9.]fwe serious about pollution, we more money on research
8
Trang 910 Sea water is salty If the oceans of fresh water, there plenty of water to
irrigate all of the deserts in the world
c would consist/ could be d consist/ will be
X Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer — a,b,c or d
Most people are afraid of sharks, but they usually do not know much about them For example,
there are about 350 species of sharks that live in oceans over the world All of the sharks are
carnivores, but most of them don’t attack people Some sharks are very small — the smallest shark is about 6 inches long — about as long as your hand But some sharks are very large The largest
species of sharks may be 60 feet long and weigh 15 tons Unlike many other kinds of fish, sharks do not have bone Their bodies are made up of a kind of tough white flexible material (called
cartilage) Sharks do not have ears However, they ‘hear’ sounds and movements in the water Any
sound or movement makes the water vibrates Sharks can feel these vibrations, and they help the
sharks find food Sharks use their large eyes to find food, too Most sharks see best in low light
They often hunt for food at dawn, in the evening, or in the middle of the night
Nowadays scientists want to learn more about sharks for several reasons For example, cancer is
common in many animals, including people However, it is rare in sharks Scientists want to find
out why sharks almost never get cancer Maybe this information can help people prevent cancer too
1 According to the passage, sharks
2 How long is a smallest shark?
a About 6 centimeters b As long as a hand
3 The word ‘they’ in line 11 refers to
4 Sharks can hunt for food at night because
a they ‘hear’ more clearly at b their eyes are large
night
c they feel vibrations in the d they see well in the dark
water
5 Which of the following is not true?
a Large sharks can weigh up to 15000 kg
b Sharks’ bodies are made up of cartilage
c Sharks can find their food by feeling vibrations
d Sharks often attack people
6 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
a Sharks are being studied
b the cancer risk among animals is found to be higher
c scientists are given permission to catch sharks for their studies
d information about sharks help people cure cancer
XI Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
1 Climbing without a safety rope is forbidden
2 Nigel hasn’t got satellite TV, so he can’t watch the game
3 Walking home alone is not a good idea
4 ‘Did someone ring you an hour ago?’ Martin said to Susan
Martin asked - C200 020002 2n ng nn n ng nh nha
5 Throw a stone into water and it sinks
6 You can’t travel on this train if you don’t have a reservation
015 2=
Trang 10UNIT 9_GRADE 10
Name:
7 ‘If I were you I’d take the job,’ said Sue
9 Although he wasn’t experienced, he got the job
D€SPIÍ€ 00000200 Q g0 2 ng ng TT TH TH KT kh net
10 Since you haven’t finished your homework, you can’t come with them
TEST YOURSELF 2
I Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the words in parentheses
1 Water was found at a of 30 feet underground (deep)
2 The house 1s by beautiful countryside (surround)
3 What makes you want to become a in the future (science)
4 The couple have split up and are now living (independent)
6 Researchers have recently made some important new 05 (discover)
6 Ihad an meeting with a friend on the way to work in the morning (accident)
II Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form
If I (know) his phone number I would call him
I (mot / buy) that coat if I were you
If the machine (stop) , you press this button
I chelp) you if I could, but I'm afraid I can't
According to the timetable, if the train leaves on time, we (arrive) at 5.30
We would need less money if we (live) in the country-
If it (be) fine tomorrow, we will go to the coast
You're always tired If you (not / go) to bed so lateevery night, you (not /be) tired all the lime
III Fill in each gap with an appropriate preposition
1 The children are divided small groups
This book will provide you all the information you need
It is similar in fasfe a banana
What was the cause the fire?
There is now ørowIng concern their safety
His parents keep him well supplied cash
Don't behave a child
8 This paragraph refers the events of last year
IV For each situation, write a sentence with should or shouldn't, using the prompts given
look for another job have it cut
apply for this job go out in such bad weather
They are In need of a bilingual secretary Ï 0U c2 2 2 0 vn nh
Lan Looks tired SH - aa
Tam plays games all the time He never does his homework He - - -SSS**S**ssssssesseses Linda has a bad cold SỈhe - c2 21111111111 811 1111111 ng 01 1k TH 1 k1 kg v
Your hair lOOKS Awful YOU .ốỐốỐỔỐốỐốỐ
V Fill in each gap with ONE suitable word The first letter of each word has been done for you
The earth has a tremendous amount of water, but almost all of it is in the oceans The (1)
O cover about 70 per cent ot the earth's surface They (2) c about 97 per cent of all the
10