B 46 bB Photoshop CS3 A–Z Bézier curves Menu: – Shortcut: – See also: Pen tool Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 Curves created using Photoshop’s Pen tool are called Bézier (bay-zee-ay) curves, named after French mathematician Pierre Bézier. The shape of a curve is created by the position of anchor points and direction lines that can be moved to change its shape and direction. They’re used to make perfect selections around smooth or curved objects. & ' ( Interpolation Quick Guide: Action Original Method Enlarge (Quality) Photo Bicubic – Smoother Reduce (Quality) Photo Bicubic – Sharper Enlarge (Speed) Photo Bilinear Reduce (Speed) Photo Bilinear Enlarge Screen shot Nearest Neighbor Reduce Screen shot Bicubic – Sharper Bicubic interpolation Menu: Image > Image Size Shortcut: – See also: Bilinear interpolation, Near- est Neighbor interpolation Version: CS, CS2, CS3 Digital photos are made up of pixels. These are discrete blocks of color and tone arranged in a grid fashion. The number of pixels in a picture is determined when the photo is taken or the print scanned. Occasionally it is necessary to change the number of pixels in the picture to make it either bigger or smaller. This task is usually handled by the Image Size feature where there are controls to increase or decrease the pixel dimensions (1), resample the pixels (2) and choose the method of resampling (3). The process is often called resampling or interpolating the picture, and makes use of a mathematical algorithm to generate the newly sized picture. Bicubic is one of the algorithms you can select to resize your picture. It takes the longest to process the fi le, but provides smooth graduations in the fi nal photo. The default interpolation setting used by Photoshop can be selected via the Edit > Preferences > General dilaog (2). Bicubic – Sharper interpolation Menu: Image > Image Size Shortcut: – See also: Bicubic – Smoother interpolation Version: CS, CS2, CS3 As well as standard Bicubic interpolation Adobe includes two other options: Bicubic – Sharper and Bicubic – Smoother. Bicubic – Sharper is specifi cally designed for occasions when you are reducing the size of a picture. It retains the detail of the original image and sharpens the picture as it resizes. If the sharpening results are too harsh then Edit > Undo the process and try the standard Bicubic approach. Bicubic – Smoother interpolation Menu: Image > Image Size Shortcut: – See also: Bicubic – Sharper interpolation Version: CS, CS2, CS3 As well as standard Bicubic Photoshop has two other approaches for increasing and decreasing the size of your pictures. Both options are based on the Bicubic algorithm but they have been optimized for different picture resizing operations. The Bicubic – Smoother option should be used for increasing the size of photographs, whereas the Bicubic – Sharper option is for making pictures smaller. BÉZIER CURVES ( Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. www.Photoshop-A-Z.com B 47 bB BILINEAR INTERPOLATION Nearest Neighbor Bilinear Bicubic – Smoother Bicubic – Sharper Bicubic Low resolution original Bilinear interpolation Menu: Image > Image Size Shortcut: – See also: Bicubic interpolation, Near- est Neighbor interpolation Version: CS, CS2, CS3 Apart from the Bicubic options examined here Photoshop can also resize pictures using two other interpolation options – Bilinear and Nearest Neighbor. Nearest Neighbor is the fastest to apply but produces the coarsest results. Bilinear is a compromise in speed and quality between Bicubic and Nearest Neighbor. You can select the option in the Image Size dialog when the Resample Image is selected (1). The default interpolation setting used by Photoshop can be selected via the Edit > Preferences > General dilaog (2). & ' Interpolation examples: Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. B 48 bB Photoshop CS3 A–Z After – Diffusion Dither After – Pattern Dither After – 50% Threshold Before After – Halftone Screen After – Custom Pattern Bitmap pixel detail Bitmap color mode Menu: – Shortcut: – See also: Mode, Threshold fi lter Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 It is possible to change the color mode of your picture by selecting a different mode from the Image > Mode menu. When converting a color photograph to Bitmap mode in Photoshop the fi le must be fl attened and changed to a grayscale fi rst and from there to pure black and white. In the process you can choose the approach used for this conversion via the Method pop-up menu. 50% Threshold – Creates broad areas of fl at black and white with a 50% tone used as the separation point. Pattern Dither – Uses a black and white dot pattern to simulate tones. Diffusion Dither – Examines each pixel in the picture before converting it to black or white resulting in a grain-fi lled photo. Halftone Screen – This option recreates the look of the halftone dots used in traditional lithographic printing process. Custom Pattern – Use this option to select a specifi c pattern to simulate the tone in the picture. You can select from the patterns preinstalled in Photoshop or even create and use your own pattern with the Edit > Defi ne Pattern feature. Bitmap images Menu: – Shortcut: – See also: Pixels Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 Confusingly, the term bitmap images does not refer to the pure black and white pictures that result from converting your photos to Bitmap mode. Instead a bitmap picture is one that is made up of rectangular pixel blocks which could just as easily be in color or grayscale. In this way all digital photographs are bitmap images as their color, brightness and detail are created from a grid of pixels. In most applications the pixel structure of the photograph is not apparent as the individual blocks are so small that they become invisible to the viewer’s gaze. To see the underlying bitmap structure of your pictures magnify the image on screen using the View > Zoom In command until the photo is at 1600% magnifi cation. BITMAP COLOR MODE Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. www.Photoshop-A-Z.com B 49 bB Darken Lighten Overlay Difference Hue Standard & ' ( Blend modes Menu: – Shortcut: – See also: – Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 The way that layers interact with other layers in the stack is determined by the blending mode of the upper layer. By default the layer’s mode is set to Normal, which causes the picture content on the upper layer to obscure the picture parts beneath, but Photoshop has many other ways to control how these pixels interact. Called blend modes, the different options provide a variety of ways to control the mixing, blending and general interaction of the layer content. The modes are grouped into several different categories based on the type of changes that they make (1). The layer blend modes are located in the drop-down menu at the top left of the Layers palette (2). Blend modes can also be applied to the painting and drawing tools via a drop-down menu in the tool’s options bar (3) and to Smart Filters via the blending options displayed when double-clicking the Settings icon on the right-hand end of the fi lter’s Layers palette entry. Black & White adjustment layer Menu: Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Black & White Shortcut: – See also: Black & White Version: CS3 The Black and White feature is also available as an adjustment layer for non- destructive conversions. Black & White Menu: Image > Adjustments > Black & White Shortcut: Alt Shft Ctrl B Opt Shft Cmd B See also: Black & White adjustment layer Version: CS3 The new Black and White feature provides a powerful new way to convert color pictures to grayscale photos. The way that different colors are mapped to gray can be adjusted with the channel sliders in the feature and a color added to the result using the tint options. The new tool provides all the power of the Channel Mixer without the drawbacks. Overall density of the conversion is handled automatically with reference to image content and so there is no need to watch the channel settings numbers to ensure that they add up to 100, as was the case with Channel Mixer. Add to this the ability to tint the fi nal result and you will quickly fi nd yourself falling in love with monochromes again. The feature’s dialog contains six slider controls for each of the color channels (1). Moving a slider to the right increases the dominance of the color in the conversion result. By changing several sliders at once you can very quickly alter the look and feel of the resultant monochrome. Towards the bottom of the screen there is a separate section that controls the tinting of the picture (2). To add a color to the grayscale, click on the Tint checkbox and then use the Hue slider to adjust the color and the Saturation slider to adjust the strength or vibrancy of this color. Favorite conversion values can be saved using the options in the settings menu next to the Presets area (3) of the dialog. Here you can Save current settings, Load previously stored settings or Delete any settings displayed in the Presets list. BLACK AND WHITE & ' ( ) Conversion examples: 1) Original color photo. 2) Conversion using the Auto button. 3) Conversion using 300, 189, 168, 63, 35, 63 settings. 4) Conversion using the Auto button and 42, 20 Tint settings. & ' ( Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. B 50 bB Photoshop CS3 A–Z OverlayLinear Dodge Color Dodge Screen LightenLinear Burn Color Burn Multiply Darken DissolveNormal & ' Combines the effect of both the Multiply and Screen modes whilst blending the top layer with the bottom. There is no effect if the top layer is 50% gray. Similar to the Screen mode but produces a much stronger lightening effect. There is no effect if the top layer is black. Makes the picture lighter using the top layer to dodge the bottom layer. There is no effect if the top layer is black. The opposite to the Multiply mode as it multiplies the inverse of the top layer with the bottom layer producing a much lighter image. Compares the color in the top and bottom layers and blends the pixels if the top layer is lighter than the bottom. Uses the same approach as the Color Burn mode but produces a stronger darkening effect. There is no image change when the top layer is white. Darkens or ‘burns’ the image using the contents of the top layer. There is no image change if the top layer is white. Multiplies the color of the bottom layer with the top layer producing an overall darker result. There is no image change when the top layer is white. Compares the color of the top and bottom layers and blends the pixels where the top layer is darker than the bottom. Combines the top layer with the bottom using a pattern of pixels. There is no effect if the top layer is at 100% opacity. Reduce the opacity to see the effect. Example set to 80% opacity. The pixels in the top layer are opaque and therefore block the view of the bottom layer. Adjusting the opacity of the top layer will make it semi-transparent causing it to blend with the top layer. In the following blend mode examples the picture has two layers – ‘Top’ (1) and ‘Bottom’ (2). In each example the blend mode of the top layer has been changed to illustrate how the two layers blend together. BLEND MODES Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. www.Photoshop-A-Z.com B 51 bB Soft Light Luminosity ColorSaturation Hue Exclusion DifferenceHard Mix Pin Light Linear Light Vivid Light Hard Light Similar to the Overlay mode but produces a more subtle effect. There is no change if the top layer is 50% gray. Combines the Luminance (tones) of the top layer with the Saturation (color vibrancy) and Hue (color) of the bottom layer. Combines the Hue (color) and Saturation (color vibrancy) of the top layer with the Luminance (tones) of the bottom layer. Combines the Saturation (color vibrancy) of the top layer with the Hue (color) and Luminance (tones) of the bottom layer. Combines the Hue (color) of the top layer with the Saturation (color vibrancy) and Luminance (tones) of the bottom layer. Similar to the Difference mode but produces less dramatic effects. Displays the tonal difference between the contents of the two layers by subtracting the lighter pixels from either of the layers. This results in a dark and sometimes reversed image. Creates a flat toned picture with limited colors and lots of posterization. The luminosity of the top layer is blended with the color of the bottom. Blends the light colors in the top layer using the Lighten mode and blends the dark colors using the Darken mode. There is no effect if the top layer is 50% gray. Similar to the Vivid Light mode but produces a more dramatic result. There is no effect if the top layer is 50% gray. Combines the effects of both Color Burn and Color Dodge modes and applies the blend based on the color of the top layer. There is no effect if the top layer is 50% gray. Uses the same approach as the Overlay mode but the change is more dramatic. Here the top layer is either Screened or Multiplied depending on its color. There is no effect if the top layer is 50% gray. BLEND MODES Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. B 52 bB Photoshop CS3 A–Z Before After After Before Blur fi lters Menu: Filter > Blur Shortcut: – See also: Filters, Box Blur fi lter, Surface Blur fi lter, Shape Blur fi lter Version: CS2, CS3 Photoshop CS3 contains a extensive array of blur fi lters including the Box, Shape and Surface Blur options. It might seem strange for image makers to actually want to destroy the sharpness of their photos but many interesting enhancement effects make use of these fi lter options. Box Blur – Fast blur option that is great for large pictures and special effects work. Surface Blur – The Surface Blur fi lter is an edge preserving fi lter that produces results faster than Smart Blur. Shape Blur – A blur fi lter that creates its effect based on a user selected shape. The amount of blur is determined by the size of the shape, which is adjusted via the slider control. Box, Shape and Surface Blur options all work in 16 bits and 32 bits per channel (HDR) modes. Bloat tool, Liquify fi lter Menu: Filter > Liquify Shortcut: B (whilst in Liquify fi lter) See also: Liquify fi lter Version: 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 The Bloat tool is one of several tools in the Liquify fi lter that allows you to stretch, twist, push and pull your pictures. It spreads the pixels apart in the center of a circle equal to the size of the current brush tip. The result is like the picture part has been blown up or ‘bloated’. To bloat your pictures, select the tool, then adjust the brush size so that it is the same dimensions as the area to be changed. Then hold down the mouse button until the picture has changed the required amount. You can drag the mouse across the canvas bloating the pixels as you go. To reverse the tool’s effect either select the Revert button (top right) or paint over the surface with the Reconstruct tool. Average – Averages all the color in the picture and then fi lls the canvas with this color. Blur and Blur More – Smooths transitions and softens details. Blur More is stronger. Gaussian Blur – Slider-controlled blurring based on the Gaussian distribution of pixel changes. Motion Blur – Blurs the image in a specifi c direction. Great for speed enhancing effects. Radial Blur – Creates either spinning or zooming blur effects. Smart Blur – Provides more control over the type and placement of blur using Radius, Threshold, Quality and Mode adjustments. Lens Blur – This fi lter is used to simulate realistic depth of fi eld blur effects that traditionally are created via camera and lens techniques. The Lens Blur also works in the 16 bits per channel mode. Before applying a blur fi lter to a layer with transparency, make sure that the Lock Transparency option is turned off. BLOAT TOOL, LIQUIFY FILTER Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. www.Photoshop-A-Z.com B 53 bB Blur tool Menu: – Shortcut: R See also: Blur fi lters Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 Along with the extensive range of blur fi lters available in Photoshop, the program also includes a Blur tool. The tool is used like a paintbrush but instead of laying down color on the canvas the image is blurred. The Size (brush tip), Mode (blend mode) and Strength settings for the tool are all controlled in the options bar. Surface Blur Smart BlurShape Blur – bow tie Radial Blur – zoomLens Blur More Blur Motion Blur Gaussian BlurBox Blur Average Original BLUR TOOL Blur examples: Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. B 54 bB Photoshop CS3 A–Z Borders Menu: Select > Modify > Border Shortcut: – See also: Modify selec- tions Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 It ’s ea sy to add a bor der to your whole i mage or a selection. With an area selected choose the Select > Modify > Border command and enter a width in pixels. The mode will be grayed out from the menu if you haven’t made a selection. The thickness of border is relative to the original image size – a 3 pixel border on a 300 pixel wide image will look much smaller when applied to a picture with a 600 pixel width. When applied you’ll have a second set of marching ants, which you can fi ll using the Bucket tool or Edit >Fill command. Choose the color border you want and set this as the foreground color before applying the fi ll. Borders, printing Menu: File > Print with Preview Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd Alt/Opt P See also: Print options Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 You can add a border on the fl y when making prints with Photoshop. The Border option is part of the extended print features found in the Print Preview dialog that is displayed when the Output option is selected (1). Click on the Border button in the right of the dialog (2). The size of the border is set in the Border dialog (3) that is displayed and the color for the stroked edge is always black. & Bounding box, Move tool Menu: – Shortcut: V (Move tool) See also: Move tool, Free Transform command Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 For versions prior to CS2 the Show Bounding Box setting is located on the options bar for the Move tool. Selecting this setting displays a bounding box complete with edge and side handles (small boxes) around the currently selected layer. The handles can be used to scale, distort, skew, rotate and apply perspective changes interactively. See the Free Transform tool entry for the keystroke combinations for these changes. From CS2 the Bounding Box option is replaced with the Show Transformation Controls (1). BORDERS & ' & & ' ( Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. www.Photoshop-A-Z.com B 55 bB & ' ( ) * + + & ' Box Blur fi lter Menu: Filter > Blur > Box Blur Shortcut: – See also: Filters, Blur fi lters Version: CS2 The Box Blur fi lter (1) is one of the range of blur fi lters contained in Photoshop. Like all the blur fi lters the box blur adds a degree of unsharpness to the picture. The fi lter contains a slider control (2) that is used to adjust the level of blur it produces. Higher values create less distinct results. The Box Blur fi lter tends to work very quickly, especially when used with large pictures and is often recommended for the creation of blur in special effects techniques. Bridge Center Menu: – Shortcut: – See also: Bridge, Bridge Home Version: CS2 (with Creative Suite installed) For those users who have the Adobe Creative suite installed, Bridge contains another mode for the feature called Bridge Center. This is the pivot point for information, fi le management and integration of the various components in the Creative Suite. In Bridge Center mode you can view news group posting and other web content (1), catch up on the latest tips (2) and tricks, create a new Version Cue project (3), synchronize color management settings across a range of Adobe applications (4), save fi les in groups (5) and access recently used fi les and folders (6). If Bridge Center is not displayed in the Favorites panel then open the Edit > Preferences > General dialog and select the option from the Favorite Items section. BOX BLUR FILTER Bridge Home Menu: Window > Bridge Home Shortcut: – See also: Bridge Center Version: CS3 Bridge Home in CS3 replaces Bridge Centre in the CS2 version of the programs. The feature still remains a pivot point for information but rather than this panel being the place to fi nd previously opened fi les, saved collections and centralized color settings, as it was in the last release, Bridge Home now houses online tutorials and product information. You can display the Bridge Home panel by clicking on the entry in the Favorites panel or by selecting Bridge Home from the Window menu. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... red eye, spot removal and straightening tools 8 Synchronize setting button 9 File formats for saving 10 Rating stars NEW for CS2 Camera Raw – batch Menu: Bridge: Tools > Photoshop > Image Processor Shortcut: – See also: Camera Raw 4.0, Adobe Camera Raw Version: CS2, CS3 Menu: Bridge: File > Open in Camera Raw Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd R See also: Camera Raw 4.0 Version: CS2, CS3 In CS3 and CS2, Raw files can... (RGB, CMYK and Grayscale) and determine when and how any color space conversions will occur To ensure that you get the benefits of color management, be sure to turn on color management features for your camera, scanner, monitor, software and printer Always tag your files as you capture them and then use this profile to help keep color consistency as you edit, output and share your work Photoshop CS3 now... be set for both layers and painting/drawing tools in Photoshop This mode is particularly useful when creating traditional hand-coloring effects (adding color to a black and white picture) Unlike when working with the Normal mode, where the color applied by the brush paints over (and replaces) the original color and detail of the photo beneath, the Color mode maintains the detail and replaces the color... Lights, Darks and Shadows) can be manipulated separately with slider controls • Favorite conversion settings can be stored and managed using the new Presets tab and panel • Raw files can be opened as Smart Objects directly into Photoshop CS3 by holding down the Shift key and clicking the Open Object button Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark CS3 A–Z Photoshop 62... application to Photoshop (stand alone), has its own memory management system and can be opened and used to organize and manage your photo files without needing to have Photoshop running at the same time To locate files – Files can be located by selecting the folder in which they are contained using either the Favorites or Folders panel or the Look In menu Alternatively, the Edit > Find command can be used... opening the picture fully in Photoshop Save – Processes the file and then displays a Save dialog that contains naming, file format and destination folder options Open – Processes the files and then opens the completed picture in Photoshop Open Object (Shift-click the Open button) – Opens the photo currently in the ACR workspace as a Smart Object in Photoshop Only available in CS3 Open Copy (Alt/Opt-click... watermark CS3 A–Z Photoshop 60 cC CACHE, BRIDGE cC Cache, Bridge Calculations Menu: Tools > Cache Shortcut: – Version: CS2, CS3 Menu: Image > Calculations Shortcut: – Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 See also: Bridge The cache in the Bridge application is a portion of hard disk memory that is used to store thumbnail, metadata and file information Caching these details means that loading times for folders and. .. 65,536 different levels and the image itself a whopping 281,474,976 million colors (last time I counted!) Earlier versions of Photoshop were only capable of supporting 8-bit files, but CS3 supports both 8- and 16-bit files and can now open and edit (in a limited way) 32-bit or HDR files as well Editing pictures in 16bit or higher bit modes provides far better results (smoother and with more detail) than... found in previous versions of Photoshop In CS3 the program gets a revamp, sporting a new interface and some great new features Bridge 2.0 now has a three panel interface which makes the most of the wide screen arrangements that many image makers are now using Panels can be opened, resized and pushed and pulled around so that you create a workspace that really suits your needs and specific screen arrangements... drawing created with dark and light crayons on a textured paper background The detail in the image is retained and different tones and colors are created using shaded areas of background and foreground color The controls for the filter are divided into two sections – one that controls the interaction of the dark and light tones or picture details (1) and a second that houses sliders and drop-down menus for . separate application to Photoshop (stand alone), has its own memory management system and can be opened and used to organize and manage your photo fi. Smoother interpolation Version: CS, CS2, CS3 As well as standard Bicubic interpolation Adobe includes two other options: Bicubic – Sharper and Bicubic – Smoother. Bicubic