formula b2 coursebook and interactive ebook with key

CONTENTS UNIT 1 BLUE OPENER Language focus: Phrasal verbs p5 Topic: History of the colour blue and colour associations Exam file - Exam reference Language focus: Verb + noun colloca

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Interactive eBook

Pearson Practice En�ish

App

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and I nteractive eBook

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CONTENTS

UNIT

1 BLUE OPENER Language focus: Phrasal

verbs p5

Topic: History of the colour

blue and colour associations

Exam file - Exam reference

Language focus: Verb + noun

collocations p13

Topic: Film

Exam file -Exam reference

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - READING Part 5 Multiple choice pp6-7

Skill focus: Identifying attitude and opinion

Topic: Unusual natural phenomena

p11

Part6Gappedtext pp14-15

Skill focus: Understanding reference devices

Topic: King's Day

p13

Review: Units 1-2 (READING AND USE OF ENGLISH: Parts 1-4) pp21-22

Language focus: Phrases with

make and do p23

Topic: Salt: history and uses

Language focus: Phrasal

verbs p31

Topic: Candyfloss

Part 7 Multiple matching pp24-25

Skill focus: Reading for specific information Topic: Honesty and white lies

p15

Part 5 Multiple choice pp32-33

Skill focus: Deducing the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary

Topic: Embarrassment p11

Review: Units 1-4 (READING AND USE OF ENGLISH: Parts 1-4) p39-40

Language focus: Adjective

noun collocations p41

Topic: Vantablack®

Language focus: Compound

words p49

Topic: Red chillies

Part 6 Gapped text pp42-43

Skill focus: Text structure and cohesion Topic: Fashion and black

p13

Part 7 Multiple matching ppS0-51

Skill focus: Understanding implication

Topic: Red letter days

p15

Language focus: Phrasal

verbs p59

Topic: Victorian dangers

Language focus: Adverb +

adjective collocations p67

Topic: Honey bees

Part 6 Gapped text pp60-61

Skill focus: Rephrasing, exemplifying and

commenting

Topic: Green screen and technology p13

Part 7 Multiple matching pp68-69

Skill focus: Paraphrasing in questions

Topic: Favourite seasons

p15

pp78-93 GRAMMAR FILE I pp94-109 VOCABULARY FILE I pp113-119 WRITING FILE

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - VOCABULARY Part 1 Multiple-choice doze p8

Language focus: Phrases with prepositions

Topic: La Casa Azul

Vocabulary file pp96-97 Pronunciation: Word stress (prefixes) p7

Part 1 Multiple-choice doze p26

Language focus: Phrasal verbs

Topic: Black and white photography

Vocabulary file pp98-99

Pronunciation: Word stress (phrasal verbs) p3

Part 3 Word formation p34

Language focus: Noun suffixes

Topic: The Pink City

Vocabulary file pp100-101 Pronunciation: Word stress (noun suffixes)

p7

Part 1 Multiple-choice doze p44 Language focus: Verb patterns Topic: Coffee culture

Vocabulary file pp102-103 Pronunciation: Word stress (vowel sounds) p3

Part 3 Word formation p52

Language focus: Adjective suffixes 1

Topic: Superfans

Vocabulary file pp104-105 Pronunciation: Word stress (adjective suffixes) p7

Part 1 Multiple-choice doze p62

Language focus: Easily confused words

Topic: Business/money, green products

Vocabulary file pp106-107

Pronunciation: Silent consonants p3

Part 3 Word formation p70

Language focus: Adjective suffixes 2

Topic: Emojis; communication

Vocabulary file pp108-109 Pronunciation: Word stress (vowel sounds)

p7

pp120-144 AUDIOSCRIPTS I pp145-171 ANSWER KEY (with smart answers) pp172-173 WELL-BEING: Mindfulness for exams

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Topic: Out of the blue Grammar file: Present tenses pp78-79

Pronunciation: Word stress (verbs) Topic: Routines and media preferences

Writing file: Essay p113

Part 2 Sentence Part 4 Key word transformations p18 Part 2 Individual long turn p19 Writing Part 2 Article p20

completion p17 Language focus: Past tenses Skill focus: Comparing Skill focus: Engaging the reader

Skill focus: Listening for cues Topic: Childhood beliefs different but related situations Topic: Great gifts

Topic: Pumpkin spice Grammar file: Past tenses pp80-81 Topic: Fire Writing file: Article p114

Pronunciation: used to

Part 3 Multiple matching p27 Part 2 Open doze p28 Part 3 Collaborative task p29 Part 2 Email or letter p30

Skill focus: Identifying Language focus: Future forms Skill focus: Asking for and Skill focus: Common

Topic: White elephant Grammarfile: Future forms pp82-83 Topic: Thrill-seeking sports Topic: Party suggestions

pp115-116

Part 4 Multiple choice Part 4 Key word transformations p36 Part 4 Discussion p37 Part 2 Review p38

{long text) p35 Language focus: Reported speech Skill focus: Giving full Skill focus: Developing ideas

Skill focus: Identifying the Topic: Memorable sights answers with examples and in a paragraph

main idea Grammar file: Reported speech pp84-85 justifications Topic: A festival

Topic: Colours and gender Pronunciation: Stress and intonation Topic: Optimism Writing file: Review p117

Part 1 Multiple choice p45 Part 2 Open doze p46 Part 2 Individual long turn p47 Part 1 Essay p48

Skill focus: Identifying a Language focus: Conditional forms Skill focus: Making Skill focus: Writing

speaker's purpose Topic: Cabs and cabbies speculations introductions and conclusions

Topic: Black Friday Grammar file: Conditional forms pp86-87 Topic: Night Topic: Reducing air pollution in

Writing file: Essay p 113

Part 2 Sentence Part 4 Key word transformations p54 Part 3 Collaborative task p55 Part 2 Report p56

completion p53 Language focus: Comparative forms Skill focus: Showing how far Skill focus: Organising ideas in

Skill focus: Listening for Topic: The red carpet you agree or disagree a report

specific details Grammar file: Comparative forms pp88-89 Topic: Red tape and rules Topic: Raising money

Topic: Seeing red Pronunciation: Intonation Writing file: Report p118

Part 3 Multiple Part 2 Open doze p64 Part 4 Discussion p65 Part 2 Story p66

matching p63 Language focus: Relative clauses Skill focus: Adding ideas and Skill focus: Sequencing events

Skill focus: Listening for gist Topic: Colour blindness developing a discussion Topic: Dilemmas

Topic: The grass is always Grammar file: Relative clauses pp90-91 Topic: Green spaces Writing file: Story p119

greener Pronunciation: Pauses

Part 4 Multiple choice Part 4 Key word transformations p72 Part 2 Individual long turn p73 Part 1 Essay p74

{long text) p71 Language focus: Passive forms Skill focus: Organising a long Skill focus: Connecting ideas in

opinions Grammarfile: Passive forms pp92-93 Topic: Clothes and clutter Topic: Spending time outdoors

Topic: Friendship Pronunciation: Word stress (auxiliary verbs) Writing file: Essay p113

EXAM FILE: pp2-15 Reading and Use of English Parts 1-7 l pp16-27 Writing Parts 1 and 2 I pp28-35 Listening Parts 1-4

pp36-43 Speaking Parts 1-4 I p44 Exam overview

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Pearson Education Limited

Written by Lynda Edwards and Lindsay Warwick

The right of Ashley Lodge to be identified as author of the mindfulness section of this work has been asserted by him in

accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written

permission of the Publishers

First published 2021

ISBN: 978-1-292-39141-0

Set in Avenir Next LT Pro

Print and bound in Italy, by L.E.G.O S.p.A

Acknowledgements

The publishers are very grateful to the following advisers and teachers who contributed to the initial research and

commented on earlier versions of this material:

Jacky Newbrook

Becerra, B A., Mariana Gavilan, Charlotte Rowe, Fernando Scelzo, Cecilia Vega Avila, Zachary Wallace

Image Credit(s):

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David Williams 47, Derek Trask 29, Dinodia Photos 73, Darling Kindersley ltd 30, Eric Gevaert 41, Ewelina Kowalska 64,

Jack Frog 112, Jacob Lund 52, Jason Langley 14, Jochen Tack 15, Johan Nylander 27, Kathy de Witt 73, makasana photo 51,

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DigitalVision 9, Bartosz Hadyniak 49, Bettmann 8, Bloomberg 45, borchee I E+ 33, Catherine Ledner / Digital Vision 68,

Chris Clar 21, cihatatceken / E+ 53, Conde Nast Collection 43, cristinairanzo / Moment 35, Cultura / Monty Rakusen 111,

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Text Credit(s):

Article on page 15 from They raise the world's happiest children - so is it time you went Dutch?, The Telegraph,

All other images© Pearson Education

D FSC

www.fsc.org

MIX Paper from responsible sources FSCN C128612

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1 Name five things you have seen today that are blue and where you saw them

2 What feelings or memories do you associate with the colour blue? Give details

E) (i) 1.1 Work in pairs Listen to two people talking about the colour blue.

Take turns to choose one of the ideas below and tell your partner about it.

0 the way people f) why the colour didn't have

e who first used the e why one shade e the associations

colour on stone of blue is called of the colour blue

e Look at sentences 1-8 below which relate to the conversation in Ex 2.

Match the phrasal verbs in bold with the meanings in the box

discovered explains found by chance invented originated in

read read about the past represents respect

1 I came across an article about the origins and associations of different colours

2 If we look back we can trace the history of colours

3 The Ancient Egyptians found out how to create a blue paint

4 The name 'royal blue' came from Egyptian times

5 Designers came up with blue jeans in the 19th century

6 The woman wants to check out the article

7 The article goes through some associations we have with the colour blue and

what it stands for

8 We look up to people in blue uniforms

th� correct form of phrasal verbs from Ex 3 Ask and answer with

3 What's the most interesting news article you've· · this week?

4 Do you have a friend who

a different country? Give details

5 What's the most interesting new fact about blue that you _ from the

conversation in Ex 2?

6 Which of your friends

the best ideas for things to do?

8 Work in pairs Take turns to tell a story together using phrasal verbs from Ex 3 and others that you know Your turn ends when you use

a phrasal verb

5

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1

0 (i) 1.2 Listen to two

people discussing rare

natural events What

events do they mention?

f) Tell your partner about something

unusual that you have seen or heard

about recently Compare your answers

with the class Think about:

in your area on TV

at college or work on line

e Read the Exam focus For statements 1-5,

choose the correct option (A or B) that

best fits

1 He felt sympathetic towards the woman

who arrived too late

A It must have been frustrating for the

woman to miss the event

B She should have made sure she

got here on time

2 He was disappointed by the experience

A I really didn't enjoy it at all

B It wasn't as interesting as I'd expected

3 The writer was concerned about possible

eye damage

A We wore special glasses to

protect our vision

B We couldn't see that well

through the protective glasses

4 He is astonished by the rarity of

such events

A These events are amazing to watch

B I can't believe this happens only once

in a blue moon

5 Surely, it's nearly impossible for the

movement of the rocks to be noticed

A It has been proven that onlookers do

not notice when the rocks move

B I'd say it was unlikely that people

watching could spot any movement

of the rocks

EXAM BOOST p10

0 Complete Exam file SECTION A on

page 10

0 Read the title of the article and look at

the photos Why do you think the title

has a question mark? Read and check

your ideas

6

Identifying attitude and opinion

The opinion or attitude of a writer or a person mentioned in a text is not always introduced by words like I think/ I believe/ in my opinion

Look for ways an opinion or attitude has been rephrased

Use of a synonym or expression: I was frustrated by the phone call = it was

a complete waste of time

Use of a different structure and more detail: I was impressed by the colours

= I certainly hadn't thought the reds and blues would be so effective

Use of an explanation: I doubted his honesty = I wasn't convinced he was telling the truth

It is also important to identify whether what you read reflects the author's opinion or whether it is reporting a fact Look for words or phrases to indicate this: statistics show/ it proves/ records reveal

0 Read the article again For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text

1 What point is the writer making in the first paragraph?

A He often takes photographs of flowers in different gardens

B He is more interested in his photography than what he photographs

C He is photographing something that is unusual because of the climate

D He needs to be flexible when he's working

2 How does the writer feel about his work?

A impressed by the amount of money he earns

B surprised at how often he has to travel

C grateful for the opportunity to observe rare events

D proud to be so well-experienced

3 What is the writer's attitude towards tabloid newspapers?

A He thinks they are too influential

B He suspects they exaggerate to attract readers

C He believes they do not check their facts

D He wonders why they contradict each other

4 When talking about Fire Rainbows, the writer regrets that

A he cannot explain the reason for Fire Rainbows

B he has never seen a photograph of one

C he is unaware how they got their name

D his chances of seeing one are very low

5 The writer repeats the word 'treated' in paragraph 5

A to indicate that the experience wasn't immediately enjoyable

B to show that the event had never happened before

C to emphasise how amazing the sight was

D to stress how special the event made him feel

6 What does the writer believe about the science behind rare natural events?

A It's always important to know why an event occurs

B Science cannot always explain these types of events

C It's interesting but not as important as the visual effects

D Understanding the scientific reasons is not part of his job

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ONCE INA LUE MOON?

Nature photographer David Smart reflects on his job and the rarity of some of the unusual natural phenomena he photographs

I tread carefully, trying to crush as few of the

beautiful flowers as possible But I need to

get in the best position to photograph this

stunning display of blue, violet and yellow

that fills the view Where am I? In one of

the royal London parks in spring? Maybe

the famous Kawachi Fuji flower gardens

of Japan? No, I'm in the driest place in the

world, the Atacama Desert in Chile And in

front of me is the wonderful sight known

as Desert Bloom I angle my camera, focus

and click Job done, I can now stand back,

breathe in the scent of millions of flowers

and enjoy the moment

Seeing a rare natural phenomenon like the

Desert Bloom is not a one-off for me; I've

photographed the Niagara Falls when they

were partially frozen over; I've experienced

the weird and wonderful rush of darkness

during a total eclipse I'm lucky that my work

as a professional nature photographer takes

me to some of the most amazing places

in the world and pays reasonably well

However, it's the really unusual sights which

nature occasionally provides for us that really

fascinate me As one of my photographer

friends says, 'It feels a real privilege.'

But in reality, just how rare are events like

these? Tabloid headlines need to sell copies

and imply that they are once-in-a-blue

moon events 'Niagara Falls completely

frozen over', shouts one newspaper,

Speaking or writing

0 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.

'The only total eclipse you'll see in your lifetime', shouts another and 'Miracle of flowers in the desert', says a third In fact, these phenomena, although unusual, are not as unlikely as the hype suggests

Niagara Falls have partially frozen over several times - when winds from the North Pole brought arctic temperatures further south (a symptom of climate change)

And although apparently inexplicable, those stunning flowers in the desert will flower again in another five or seven years

The seeds lie in the soil and will grow whenever there is a lot of rainfall

Real, once-in-a-blue-moon events do happen, but it is only by chance that they are ever seen or recorded For example, there's one spectacular event that I would desperately love to see It's known as

a Fire Rc1inbow, but is actually neither connected to fire, nor a rainbow! Sadly, I'm never likely to see one anywhere apart from in a photograph These incredible optical phenomena, which appear to be amazing combinations of colours in the sky, only occur when there is a very specific combination of atmospheric conditions In addition to this, they are only visible from high altitudes

Being in the right place at the right time

is what a nature photographer like me longs for, but it doesn't happen very often

1 Which of the natural events in the article would you most like to experience? Why?

2 Tell the class about the most memorable natural event you have seen

I got my wish once, and like the Desert Bloom it was in Chile I was there to film

a volcanic eruption atVolcan Calbuco,

a very dangerous active volcano While filming, I was treated to a rare display of volcanic lightning This is a unique type of electrical reaction that happens inside a great cloud of ash, otherwise known as a 'dirty thunderstorm' I say 'treated' but the experience was so terrifying that my first instincts were to run like mad! The attraction

of photographing one of the greatest light shows on earth was, however, very strong and those pictures are among the best

I have ever taken

I think my obsession with these rare natural phenomena should be quite clear by now! I'm very fortunate to have a job which allows

me to travel to record as many as I can The scientific reasons behind such events are certainly fascinating but for me it will always be about their magnificent beauty The powerful surprises that nature continues

to deliver will never cease to amaze me Whether they are just unusual or truly once

in a lifetime experiences, I can't see myself ever getting tired of chasing them

Now, maybe just one more photo of these incredible flowers

0 Research another rare event and write a fact sheet about it

Present it to the class

EXAMTRAINER I pp23-24 � 7

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0 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.

1 Which artists do you like? Why?

2 Who is the most well-known artist in your country?

Why do people like their art?

3 The photo shows artist Frida Kahlo's home What do you

know about Frida Kah lo?

f) � ·1.3 Listen to a radio broadcast about Frida Kahlo

and her home What three things did the presenter notice

about her home?

e (j) ·J 4 Listen again and choose the correct prepositions.

What does the speaker refer to when she uses each

verb + prepositional phrase?

1 belonged from/ to 5 work at/ on (a painting)

2 moving at/ to 6 added for/ to

3 devoted for/ to 7 appeals at/ to

4 consists from / of 8 succeeded from / in

0 Match the sentence halves.

1 The deep blue colour of La Casa Azul is in contrast

2 Kahlo had 30 operations on her back and was in

3 This pain continued for the rest

4 Kahlo's own paintings are on

5 Kah lo used the garden to think about her art in addition

6 Kahlo often wore flowers from her garden in her hair -at

A of her life

B to the white and yellow homes around it

C display throughout the house

D considerable pain.

E to teaching her students

F least that appears to be the case in her self-portraits

e Work in pairs Complete the questions with the correct

form of prepositional phrases from Exs 3 and 4 Then ask

and answer

1 Does a visit to La Casa Azul you?

2 In what career or hobby would you most like to

f) Complete Exam file SECTION A on page 2.

Q For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D} best fits each gap There is an example at the beginning (0)

What our homes say about us

A home is more than a building It's a (0) B _ which both influences our identity and represents it As children, our environment makes us who we are, or at (1} _ contributes

to it For example, if we grow up in a crowded home, the thought

of moving to a quiet home alone might never (2) _ to us Instead, we may prefer to live in a house full of people for the

(3) _ of our lives.

As adults, every object that ( 4) _ to us tells a story about who we are and where we came from In (5) , how we present those objects in our homes says something about how we want others to see us If we identify ourselves with being creative, for example, we might put certain art work on ( 6) _ _ for others to see Or, if we believe that it's more rrnportant for a home

to be relaxing than fashionable, our home might (7) _' of

warm colours and comfortable furniture, in (8) _ to stylish, modern but perhaps more uncomfortable pieces

0 A site B place C venue C position

1 A little B least C minimum D less

2 A appeal B inspire C attract D interest

3 A final B total C last D rest

4 A owns B possesses C occupies D belongs

5 A furthermore B addition C together D extra

6 A exhibition B gallery C display D public

7 A consist B include C contain D involve

8 A opposite B contrast C variety D difference

f) Work in groups Use at least five phrases on this page to discuss these questions.

1 What do you think your home or your room says about you?

2 How do you think your childhood home influences your life?

EXAM TRAINER pS Exs 1_2 �

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1 When was the last time you received some

surprising news? What happened?

2 Has anything unexpected ever happened to you?

What was it?

E) � 1 5 Listen to a conversation What unexpected

thing happened? Has it ever happened to you?

Listening for agreement

We often recognise if people agree/disagree with

each other, or feel the same, when we hear phrases

like 'Yes, you're right' and 'Me too' However, they may

agree or disagree by simply stating a similar or different

view In this case, we have to listen carefully to the

speakers e.g A: 'I'm pretty sure that's not going to work.'

B: 'No doubt something will go wrong.'= agreement

E) (j) 1.6 Read the Exam focus Then listen to six

short conversations Do the speakers agree (A)

0 (j) 1 7 Listen to the conversation from Ex 2 again.

Answer question 1 below How do you know?

1 You hear two people talking about a visitor

What do they agree on?

A It's good to see old friends

B They like unexpected events

C The visitor was impolite

f) Complete Exam file SECTION A on page 28.

8 (i) 1.8 You will hear people talking in seven different situations For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, B or C)

1 You hear a manager talking to an employee Why is she talking

to him?

A to tell him about a promotion

B to persuade him to do some overtime

C to suggest that he does some training

2 You hear two people talking about surprise parties They both think that surprise parties are

C to ask for a favour

4 You hear two people talking about a film What did they both think about it?

A The ending made no sense

B One character acted strangely

C The dialogue was too quiet

5 You hear a man talking about someone Who is he talking about?

A It's embarrassing to read

B The time of publication was unfair

C It could easily mislead readers

7 You hear two people talking about some news they've heard about a friend How does the woman feel about it?

A jealous of the plan

B worried about the timing

C shocked by the decision

e Work in pairs Think of a short story about an unexpected or surprising event

Q Write your story Read the stories aloud in class Whose story

is the most surprising?

EXAM TRAINER I �� Ex 1 I 9

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1

0 Complete the questionnaire about sleep on

the right Compare with your partner

f) (j) 1 9 Listen to two people talking about

their sleep patterns and answer the questions.

1 Which question on the questionnaire are the

speakers talking about at the beginning of

their conversation?

2 How are the two speakers different regarding

their sleep habits?

3 How does the boy annoy his parents?

4 What is the girl's problem and how has she

tried to solve it?

5 What suggestions has she had?

e Read these answers to the questionnaire and

complete them with the correct form of the

verbs in brackets

That's an interesting question 11 _

(always / think) that I need longer in bed but in fact

I 2 (usually / feel) terrible after

more than eight hours

I 3 (never/ think) about that.

I 4 (not/ tend) to analyse my sleep

patterns! I suppose it 5 _ (depend).

I 6 _ (get) just the right amount at the

moment but some nights, if I

7 _ (finish) an assignment for

college, I 8 _ (only/ get) about

five hours That's quite rare, but it definitely

9 _ (affect) me the next day

Yes, usually But when my brother's home from

university, he 10 (always/ play)

music loudly on his phone late at night and then

it can take a while It's a pain

Sometimes.111 _ (dream)

a lot about my old school recently They

12 _ _ _ (build) a block of flats on the

site and I suppose that 13 _ _ (stir) up

some old memories

Not enough! Too much late-night TV

14 _ (mean) only the bare minimum.

But 115 _ _ _ (get) better at switching

off earlier Also, I 16 _ (cut) back on

coffee before bed as I 17 _ (hear) that

isn't a good thing!

How many hours' sleep a night do you need?

How often a week do you get fewer hours than you would like?

How often do you sleep during the day?

Do you usually fall asleep quickly?

Do you have a set routine before bed?

If yes, what is it?

Do you switch your phone off during the night?

Do you sometimes go through periods when you have problems sleeping?

1 Do you usually remember

your dreams?

0 For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap Use only one word in each gap There is an example at the beginning (0)

A cure for insomnia?

I've just read an article about blue light and I think I've discovered

(0) _ Tt-J_I most likely reason for my recent restless nights! You see,

blue light, emitted by sunshine, some types (1) lighting and electronic device screens, has both benefits and dangers for us It helps improve mood, memory and concentration, but if we (2) - ·· a lot of time staring at screens, it can actually cause damage to our eyes Interestingly, the article also points (3) that blue light controls our body clocks and using electronic devices too much immediately (4) _ going to bed can disrupt our sleep cycles My nights have (5) _ getting worse recently and I'm sure it's because I (6) _ just started reading on my tablet when I'm in bed The experts' advice (7) _

to avoid using bright screens for about two to three hours before sleep, but I don't think I can restrict myself quite that much Maybe, I'll switch (8) _ _ reading a printed book and give social media a miss after nine o'clock!

C, Work in pairs and discuss the questions.

1 Do you spend a lot of time looking at screens during the day and before bed? Do you think it affects you in any way?

2 Would it be difficult to change your screen habits? Give reasons

EXAM TRAINER I p'l p12 Ex 1 1 � 0

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1 Take two pieces of paper and write down your favourite

colour on one and your favourite number on the other

2 Guess what your partner has written, then reveal your choices

3 Can you explain why they are your favourites?

4 Take a class survey to find the most popular colour and number

0 (j) 1.10 Listen to people talking about colour surveys What's the

name of the phenomenon? What reasons are given for the choices?

E) (j) 1.11 Listen to three people responding to this question about

colours Which two speakers agree?

Do you prefer bright or pale colours for a bedroom?

Extending answers with appropriate detail and examples

Giving short one- or two-word answers to a personal question can

appear abrupt Look to extend your answers in these ways:

• Give a reason for your answer

• Give an example to illustrate your answer

• Give an interesting detail if possible

• Do not give a long, detailed answer and don't give irrelevant

information This can bore your listener

0 (i) 1.12 Read the Exam focus Listen again and decide which

speaker's response is the most appropriate Why?

0 Complete the Exam file exercises on page 36

8 (j) 1.1 3 You will hear a list of things candidates are often asked

about in the speaking test After each item there will be a six

second pause for you to write down some ideas You are going to

be asked about things you like Write the first thing you think of!

0 Work in pairs Tell your partner about the items you have written

down Extend your answers by using the advice in the Exam focus

Q In pairs choose one of these categories Write down some questions

you might ask related to the category Use these question starters:

Tell me about

Do you prefer to

films books food clothing music weather

Books

Tell me about a book you've read recently

Do you prefer to read printed books or on

an electronic device? Why?

C) Change partners and ask your questions.

6

C, Work in pairs and take turns to ask and answer the questions below Remember to:

• answer the question

Why? / Why not?

What free-time activities do you do every week? 0/Vhy?)

Do you have regular holidays? Why? / Why not?

Trang 14

1 WRITING - Part 1 Essay

0 Rank these things in order of importance to you

when going on holiday (1 = most important)

food shops and markets sightseeing

sports views nightlife beach

f) Compare your ideas with a partner Are your

priorities similar?

8 Read the essay tasks A and B and the student essay.

Which task is it answering? What idea has the

student added?

In your English class, you have been talking about

travel Now, your English teacher has asked you to

3 _ _ (your own idea)

B Is a trip to the ocean better than a trip

In the summer months, it is common for people to

visit the beach or the mountains While both can

be enjoyable, this essay will argue that a holiday at

the beach is preferable

The first reason is the weather You are much more

likely to see a beautiful, cloudless blue sky at the

seaside Mountain areas might be cooler, but

clouds often affect the view

Another reason in support of beach holidays is the

activities available there Water sports tend to be

more varied and interesting than quieter mountain

activities like hiking

Finally, there are far more facilities at the seaside

than there are in the mountains Along the

coast, you will find a large variety of cafes and

restaurants to enjoy, as well as engaging nightlife

All in all, the beach provides a beautiful

environment in which you can take in the sea, the

local food and do sports All of these things make

it more enjoyable than a trip to the mountains

0 Read the essay again.

Complete the student's essay plan with the words below

beach trip enjoyable facilities nightlife sports summer varied views

Introduction Both popular in 1 _

Reason 1 better weather - cloudless blue sky, better

3

Reason 2 Reason 3

it is organised into an introduction, main body and conclusion

8 Read the Exam focus Then look at the language features below Which can you usually find in an essay?

abbreviations contractions simple sentences complex sentences informal vocabulary formal vocabulary

use of 'I' and 'we' use of 'you' and 'people'

t) Complete Exam file SECTION A on page 16.

(;) Work in pairs Look at essay task A in Ex 3 and do these things.

1 Add a third idea

2 Decide what you could say about each idea

3 Discuss your own answer to the essay question

4 Make an essay plan like the one in Ex 4

Q Write your essay in 140-190 words.

• Structure your essay according to your plan in Ex 6

• Use formal language

() Swap essays with a partner Review them using the checklist

in Ex 7

EXAM TRAINER I pp42-43

Trang 15

0

f) � 2.1 Work in pairs Listen to a lecture about the colour orange in films.

Does it mention any of your ideas from Ex 1?

E) � 2.2 Choose the correct alternatives to complete these extracts from

the lecture in Ex 2 Listen again and check Underline the whole phrase

including the verb.

1 it's not surprising that orange plays a significant act/ role in film,

2 blockbusters have a habit/ tendency to use blue and orange to add

depth to a scene

3 the orange in the skin tone of the actors stands out and the actors

become the focus/ target

4 film critics have come to the conclusion/ consequence that 'orange and

blue' is overused

5 orange isn't only used in contrast to blue It's also used to convey

a particular message/ notice without the need for words

6 He uses orange clothes and objects to give the impact/ impression that

there's warmth between characters

7 orange might appear in scenes where characters are about to face

some kind of danger/ disadvantage

8 This can provoke both a positive and a negative answer/ reaction

among viewers

0 the collocations in Ex 3

1 What other colours/ messages/ in films?

2 you/ ever/ conclusion/ you should give up/ watching/ a film?

3 What types of film/ you/ tendency I watch?

4 What/ a role in/ attracting/ you/ to the cinema?

5 you/ think/ CGI / the focus/ of too many films?

6 How scared/ you feel/ when someone/ danger/ in a film?

7 What/ strong reaction / from you / when / you watch a film?

8 What/ you/ the impression/ a film is worth watching?

C, Work in pairs Take turns to ask and answer the questions in Ex 4

0 Think of a well-known film and write four sentences to describe it using collocations from Ex 3 Share them with your partner Can they guess the film?

13

Trang 16

0 Talk about the photo above Say how the people might be

feeling, what type of occasion it might be and where the

celebration might be

f) (i 2.3 Listen to people at the same celebration as the people

in the photo above and check your ideas from Ex 1 How were

they similar or different?

e Work in pairs and discuss the questions.

1 Which celebration would you most like to attend in another

country? Why?

2 Note down five things that you have enjoyed in the last week

Compare your list with your partner's Do similar things make

you both happy?

C) Read the post on a forum about happiness surveys What is the

writer's opinion? Do you agree?

Do surveys about happiness tell the truth? How reliable are they?

Is there any genuine interest in hearing that one country is happier

than another? And what does this really mean? In every country

there are some people who are, or who seem to be, happier

than others and some who are Just downright gloomy! However,

sometimes an article comes along which maybe gives us something

to think about We read about some attitudes and examples that

might, just might, lead us to change our own approaches ever

so slightly I found this one recently about the Dutch bringing up

happy children Check it out and see what you think!

Understanding reference devices

A writer often uses ways of referring back to something in a

previous sentence or to something that is coming up later

This avoids the need for repetition We need to recognise these

references when we read Types of reference include:

• pronouns, e.g he , they , it - referring to a person or thing

• it / this - referring to a clause

• here/there - referring to a place

• a linking word or initial comment adverb that contrasts or links

back, e.g however, unfortunately , unusually

• an example or clarification of what has been mentioned before.

14

,

e Read the Exam focus Identify forms of reference in these sentences from the post in Ex 4 and say what they refer to

1 How reliable are they?

2 And what does this really mean?

3

4

However, sometimes an article comes along which maybe gives us something to think about

I found this one recently

5 Check it out and see what you think

BOOST p12

C, You are going to read an article about happiness in the Netherlands Match each paragraph heading (1-7) with a paragraph (A-G)

1 Sharing is caring 5 Too good to be true?

2 An outdoor scene 6 Not the only ones

3 Content with less 7 Less pressure

4 Think for yourself

f) Read sentences A-G Six of these have been removed from the article Work in pairs and discuss what the sentences might be referring to or clarifying.

A Unusually, Dutch children do not appear to be overly affected by this concern

B This is reinforced by the Dutch education system

C Instead of this, the Dutch believe in inspiring children to explore the world around them

D Mums don't do for their children things they are capable of doing themselves

E Perhaps the climate is good or maybe the standard

C, Work in pairs Look again at some points mentioned

in the article and discuss your opinions

1 Primary school children are not given homework

2 Dads play an equal role in bringing up children

3 School-age children play outside unsupervised

Trang 17

buggy A gang of older children comes racing along the bike path,

laughing and joking They overtake a young mum who is cycling

more slowly, balancing a baby in a seat on the front of her bike and

a toddler on the back A group of girls is playing on the grass and

not far away, some boys are perfecting their skateboarding moves

And none of the school-age children is accompanied by an adult

This happy scene isn't from a movie It's just a normal Springtime

afternoon in the Netherlands Is it too perfect? Realistic?

Idealistic? (1) Their teenagers are said to be among the

happiest in the world and even newborn babies are supposed

to be far more contented and smiling than their counterparts in

different countries Of course, the big question is why? And can

Dutch parenting skills, the education system and their general

priorities in life teach the rest of us anything important?

One significant factor could be the Dutch parents' attitude towards

achievement For them achievement doesn't necessarily lead

to happiness, but happiness can lead to achievement Success

starts with happiness They do not push their kids to learn quickly;

the children are allowed to develop in their own time {2)

Primary school children are not given homework, and reading and

writing skills are not usually taught until the age of six Learning to

play together is of first importance Carefree childhood lasts just

that bit longer

Security is vital for a happy child, and the Dutch try to forge strong family bonds For example, it's traditional for the whole family to eat breakfast together every single day Dutch dads also play a big part in bringing

-up the children, taking an equal role in child-rearing and doing household chores {3) _ You're just

as likely to see a dad pushing a pram or wearing a baby-carrier as a mum!

Another interesting point is that independence in Dutch children is encouraged early on {4) _ They are taught to be self-sufficient and accept responsibility at an appropriate age Playing outside unsupervised (often considered noisy and disruptive

in other cultures) is seen as an important stage in the growing up process

One common cause of dissatisfaction in many people today is an obsession with material things {5) _

For the Dutch, practicality usually tops luxury and children often grow up wearing second-hand clothes and playing with used toys Check out King's Day celebrations in Amsterdam - a major attraction is the enormous second-hand market where children become traders for the day, buying and selling old toys!

Of course, many countries claim to be 'the happiest places to live' or 'have the most contented people' for

a variety of reasons {6) However, in the end, most happy adults start off as happy children And while there may be some things about Dutch parenting or education that we do not completely agree with, they are undoubtedly doing something right!

� Do you agree with the statement below? Why?/ Why

not? Give some examples from your own experience

� Write a comment to post on the website in response to

the article Share your comments with the class

Achievement doesn't necessarily lead to happiness,

but happiness can lead to achievement

�

EXAM TRAINER I pp30-31 � 15

Trang 18

2

VOCABULARY: Negative prefixes

0 (i) 2.4 You are going to listen to

a person reviewing a fake-tanning

product What might it mention? Listen

to the review and compare your ideas

What happened to the speaker?

0 (i) 2.5 Read these sentences then listen

to the review in Ex 1 again Complete

the sentences with words that you hear

1 People aren't always patient when they

apply a fake-tanning product They are

4 Using the product can be difficult if you

aren't experienced It can be hard if

you're

5 Many people weren't satisfied with the

results They were with

the results

8 Add these words to the correct lines.

affordable appealing contented

correct healthy interesting

obedient polite possible

probable relevant reparable

responsible reversible sensitive

0 What general rule do you think might

apply to adjectives which take the

prefixes im- and ir-?

0 Choose one word with its prefix from

each line and write a sentence about

a popular product using the word to

show its meaning

I think it's impossible to find a better

fake tanning product than

f) Complete Exam file SECTION A on

It has been a long time since Coco Chanel first made it

(0) _ FASHIONABLE to have a tan Before 1923 suntanned FASHION

a sign of poverty Then Coco Chanel returned from a

(2) _ holiday with a tan and suddenly everyone SAIL else wanted one Doctors' (3) changed too ADVISE

Sunshine was a source of Vitamin D Unfortunately having

beach holidays was (4) _ for many people in AFFORDABLE

northern countries

In the 1940s, women who were (5) to get a

tanned look started to use a mixture made from tea bags and gravy to stain their legs brown This was obviously impractical

PATIENT

for a (6) of reasons! Better solutions VARY

came after an accidental discovery in the 1950s when a

(7) _ found that a safe chemical, DHA could SCIENCE

be used in a lotion to fake a tan Medical research also showed

the (8) _ damage that sun can do to our skin REVERSIBLE

and today fake tan is a much safer and more convenient

alternative to sunbathing

Q Work in pairs Think about a product you have recently bought and are unhappy with Write or record a review of the product, warning people about the negatives Try to use adjectives with negative prefixes from Exs 2 and 3 Share your reviews with the class

Q Work in pairs Take turns to choose an adjective and see how quickly your partner can make it negative

EXAM TRAINER I �]! Ex 1 �

Trang 19

It's October The month when about 80 percent

of the pumpkins grown in the USA are consumed

But how much do you know about the pumpkin?

Take our quick quiz to find out Decide which

statements are True and which are False

I Pumpkins are a vegetable

2 A pumpkin featured in the fairy tale 'Sleeping

Beauty'

3 Around 1.5 biilion pumpkins are produced in

the USA each year

4 Pumpkins have always been used to make

Jack O'Lanterns for Halloween

S Pumpkin pie is usually eaten on Thanksgiving

in the USA

6 Pumpkin pie's taste comes from pumpkin

and spices

0 Work in pairs and complete the quiz above.

8 (j) 2.6 Listen to the beginning of a business lecture

about pumpkins and check yo.ur answers

Listening for cues

When giving information, a speaker will often help the listener

to follow what they're saying They might:

• signal a change in topic e.g Let's start with / So, what

about ?

• signal that key information is coming next e.g The best

thing about a pumpkin is / Pumpkins aren't from Ireland.

They're

• use discourse markers and linkers e.g However, /

In actual fact, / In comparison ,

• use sentence stress, intonation and pauses to stress key

information.

e (i) 2 7 Read the Exam focus Then listen to the lecture in

Ex 2 again What cues does the lecturer give before giving

the information in statements 1-6 in the quiz?

and choose the information you think the speaker, Josh,

is going to give next

1 A a description B an opinion

2 A a commonly known fact B a surprising fact

3 A a history of coffee B other examples

4 A a list of possible reasons B a solution to a problem

P M l<IN !(

Josh learnt that many pumpkin spice goods are created using (1) _ rather than genuine spices

The fact that pumpkin spice latte is one global coffee chain's

(2) -·- seasonal product was a surprise to him Josh found the existence of pumpkin spice (3) _ particularly fascinating.

Josh uses the word (4) ' _' to describe how he finds the aroma of pumpkin spice.

Josh didn't really believe the scientific idea that pumpkin spice creates a sense of (5) in people

In Josh's view, (6) has been the biggest factor

in the popularity of pumpkin spice

Every year, experts make (7) _ _ _ about the demand for pumpkin spice

Josh says there has been a significant increase in pumpkin spice latte (8) since the early 2000s

Josh thinks the lack of a (9) · - to pumpkin spice will prevent the flavour from selling in other countries

He hadn't expected to hear that people started using similar spices in (10) - · - - - - food hundreds of years ago

Trang 20

2

0 (i) 2.10 Listen to a feature on a radio show What did

each caller mistakenly believe when they were young?

8 (i) 2.11 Choose the correct verb forms Use the Grammar

file on page 80 to help you Then listen to the radio show

in Ex 1 again and check

1 We'd been painting / painted pictures at playschool

when I decided to give the orange paint a taste

2 I used to/ would think that my aunt and uncle lived in

the telephone

3 One day, while I chatted/ was chatting to my aunt,

I asked about living in the phone

4 I realised I made/ 'd made a mistake when both she

and my mum laughed their heads off

5 I found out that my grandma 'd been I was alive for

ten years before the invention of TV

6 and she 'd definitely lived/ was definitely living those

years in colour

7 My parents told/ were telling me I could be anything

I wanted to be when I grew up

8 I 'd often see/ was often seeing them swimming around

at the zoo and I thought it looked fun

e Complete the stories with the correct form of the verbs

in brackets

'When 11 _ _ _ _ (be) really young, I believed

that my ancestors 2 (live) in black and

white.'

'I accidentally ate a pumpkin seed For several days after,

I thought that a tree 3 (grow) inside me.'

'One day, after I 4 _ (play) outside in the

mud for hours, my mum 5 (tell) me to get

changed in the living room.16 (refuse)

because I thought the people on TV could see me.'

'Once, while my dad and I 7 _ _ (drive)

at night, I became convinced that the moon

a (follow) us.'

EXAM BOOST p8

I

0 For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence

so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given Here is an example (0)

0 Since finding out the truth, Laura has felt really silly

2 Richard hasn't believed in monsters for years

before that day

4 Lucia thought that her brother's toys came alive at night

BELONGED

Lucia believed that the toys

her brother came alive

EXAM TRAINER I ��6 Ex, 1-2 �

Trang 21

8 Work in pairs Look at the photographs and note down

what is similar and different about them

e (i) 2.12 Listen to a woman comparing the photographs

Did she mention the same things as you did?

Comparing different but related situations

When comparing two situations, remember to say what is the

same and what is different about them Think about things

such as the places, the people, the activity, the weather,

emotions, the reason the people are doing something, etc

Use words and phrases to link these similarities or differences

For example: Both photographs are of

However, the other photograph shows

Another difference between the photographs is that

whereas

What is common to both photographs is

0 Work in pairs Choose one of the topics A, B or C and

tell your partner about them, using words or phrases

for comparing

A two places you've eaten in recently

B two films you've seen on a similar topic

C two places you've been to on holiday

0 Work in pairs Student A do the task Student B listen,

Student 8, do you enjoy camping? (:Nhy? / Why not?)

() Work in pairs Find two photographs that have a connection For example, they could both show friends on holiday or in a park Compare the photographs and say how the people in them might be feeling Try to talk for

a minute

EXAM TRAINER I pp78-79 ! 19

�

Trang 22

2

0 Work in groups What do you think makes the best gift?

Discuss the ideas below

homemade / shop bought funny/ serious

needs/ wants thing/ experience

8 Read the advertisement and discuss the questions.

Make a list of as many tips as possible

Articles wanted

Top tip for a great gift!

What makes a great gift? How can you make sure you buy

someone a great gift? Have you ever given or received

a great gift?

Write an article sharing your tip The best ones will be

published on our website

e Read the article What tip does the writer give?

What example does she give of a gift she gave or

received?

A GIFT YOU NEVER KNEW YOU WANTED

•Socks, a tie and a bar of :;oap Just the gifts you wanted.

No? I didn't think so While these gifts are practical, they

don't make the recipient jump for joy, which is what a

great gift does b,So, h9w can we mqke that happen?

One way is to buy an item the person never knew they

needed They might not •get diz,zy with excitement

immediately, but they'll soon be dthank1ng you

enthusiastically •'Take, for instarice, the pizza scissors

i bought a pizza-loving friend, Before he opened them,

he'd never known such things existed and was f,efearly

puzzled However, now he can't live without them;

something he regularly tells me

There are loads of ideas for a 'never knew I needed it' gift

online 9How about a mini vacuum cleaner for your laptop

or an umbrella handle that holds your cup of coffee?

Find something that matches the interests of the person

you're buying for and you're bound to be onto a winner

hJust make sure you don't

get socks, a tie or a bar

of soap

Engaging the reader

Online articles on everyday topics are usually designed

to inform and entertain so the tone tends to be informal

To engage readers, the writer will:

1 talk and/or ask questions directly to the reader

2 use personal anecdotes or examples

3 use descriptive language

0 Read the Exam focus Then match the language a-h in the article in Ex 3 to features 1-3 in the Exam focus

e Improve part of an article by putting A-D in gaps 1-4 What's the purpose of each addition?

A Let's just hope you don't get the only thing on their list someone else buys them!

B My dad is a great example of this

C What do you get the person who has everything?

D within your price range Buying gifts is challenging at the best

of times, but it's even harder when the recipient already has everything they need 2 _

One thing you can do is to ask them what three gifts

3 would put a smile on their face

That way, you know they'll like what you buy but they'll still get some kind of surprise 4 _ _

EXAM BOOST p18 f) Complete the Exam file exercises on page 18.

0 Using your ideas from Ex 2, choose a different tip to write about in your own article Then make a plan Decide these things:

• what you can say about the tip

• a gift you gave or received that is an example of your tip

• what you can say about the gift you gave or received

• a title and how you can include the features in the Exam focus.

f) You see the advertisement in Ex 2 on an English-language website Write your article in 140-190 words Use your plan from Ex 6.

C) Swap articles with a partner Have they included all the points in the Exam focus? How?

Trang 23

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 1

0 Read the text below and decide which answer

(A, B, C or D) best fits each gap

The migration of the monarch butterflies

The migration of millions of North American monarch

butterflies is one of the most stunning (0)

-�-phenomena on Earth In (1) _ to other members of

the same species elsewhere, the North American species

migrates far in winter, taking a journey that (2) _ of

3000 miles They (3) off in Canada and the US,

arrive in central Mexico in November, and return in March

The sight of them together in fir trees in Mexico is an

incredible (4) _ to witness

However, none of the butterflies actually make the entire

round trip The females lay eggs in Mexico and it's the new

generation that heads north They travel to Texas where the

process is repeated The butterflies have a (5) _ to stop

twice on their way back to Canada, meaning that it takes four

generations to complete the trip

Monarch butterflies are important because they pollinate

plants In (6) _ , they form a key part of the food

chain They also (7) _ danger from disease and a loss

of habitat However, their forest in Mexico is protected at

f) Read the text below and think of the word lll(hich best fits each gap Use only one word in each gap.

A sculptor's home

I'm currently sitting outside La Villa des Brilliants, once

(0) THE home of well-known sculptor AugusteRodin Rodin purchased this property on the outskirts ofParis in 1895 By 1900, he (1 ) _ _ turned it into_

a home and a studio where he worked until his death

in 1917 As well as having around 50 assistants, Rodin

(2) regularly invite friends, family and artlovers to visit his studio

The house has been a museum (3) Rodin's death Photographs were used to renovate the house

in the latter part of the last century, so now we can see exactly what it was (4) _ when Rodin lived there What's special about coming here (5) _ _ that we can see his most famous works of art, as well

as (6) _ a sense of his daily life Rodin is buried in the grounds of the house, under a statue of The Thinker, one of his most well-loved pieces Needless to

(7) , this is a place where artists such as myselfcan pay respects to the man we look (8) to

e Read the text below Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line

Is regifting ever acceptable?

How would you feel if you spent time buying someone a gift and then found out that they went and gave it to someone else? Would you be happy that it had found a (0) _B_g:IPIENT_ who wanted it, or would you think it was incredibly (1) _ ? The act

of regifting unwanted gifts is gaining in

(2) _ _ It keeps our homes tidy, saves waste and makes gift giving more

(3)

However, there are unwritten rules we should follow when regifting items that we're (4) _ with We should avoid passing anything on that was made especially for us, even if we find it

(5) We should also takecare not to forget the (6) _

of the gift giver and accidentally give the giftback to them Giving anyone the opportunity

to discover their gift was unwanted is

RECEIVE POLITE POPULAR AFFORD SATISFY

APPEAL IDENTIFY

(7) _ and allowing it to

RESPONSIBLE

21

Trang 24

0 Complete the second sentence so that it has

a similar meaning to the first sentence, using

the word given Do not change the word given

You must use between two and five words,

including the word given Here is an example (0)

0 We couldn't see any whales on our boat trip

UNABLE

We WERE UNABLE TO SE_E any whales on

our boat trip

1 Lily hasn't taken karate lessons since she was 16

WHEN

Lily _ she was 16

2 The outcome of the meeting was unexpected

.,

0 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap

Tips for making your own short film

These days it's easy to make a film You don't need to (0) B_

expensive equipment, you can simply use your mobile phone Start by (1) up with a good idea You can (2) _ out lists of ideas online to give you inspiration A good script can make all the difference so before filming, your script should become

the (3) _ of your time Keep it simple and (4) on

developing one character well in the short time you have

Select appropriate venues for filming Avoid places where you'll

be (5) _ by people who turn and stare at the camera Make sure there's nothing unusual in the (6) _ to distract from what the main actor's doing And make sure the light is

right You want to give the (7) _ of depth, not have strange

shadows covering the actor's face Finally, when you've finished filming and edited your work, show it to friends and get some feedback No film-maker can (8) _ in the film industry without that

6 A window B conditions C background D context

7 A image B attitude C impression D theory

8 A accomplish B win C overcome D succeed

C, Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap Use only one word in each gap

A festival of colour

It's early March and people in India are preparing

(0) FOR Holi, a spring festival which signals the end of

winter It's an event which has been (1) place forcenturies, and one which (2) _ attracting more and more tourists from around the world

On day one of the festival, towns and cities become awash with colour People light bonfires and play music, sing and dance They place coloured powder (3) _ each other's faces and throw some of that same powder in the air Coloured water adds (4) the fun too Very quickly,

people are covered in a variety of colours The point of this is to

(5) the impression that they (6) allequal Day two is a much quieter affair People (7) _ _

a tendency to spend it with family, after they've cleaned up

of course

If you have (8) attended Holi, you'll know that

it's not a place to wear your best clothes It's also a good idea

to place oil on your skin so that it doesn't absorb the powder otherwise it can be impossible to remove

Trang 25

-0

8 (i) 3.1 Listen to a talk about the importance and history

of salt and answer the questions

1 Were your ideas mentioned?

2 What uses does the speaker talk about?

3 Where does salt come from?

E) (j) 3.2 Match the sentence halves Then listen again

and check.

1 We can't do without A make deals using salt

2 It does us good, although B made into tourist

3 It made the difference attractions

4 People would trade and C too much in our diets can

5 The rich made a also do us harm

huge profit D salt in our daily diet

6 Salt production was all E completely made of salt

7 These old salt mines F done by hand then

8 There is even a hotel H from selling salt

phrases with make and do from Ex 3

1 Think of something we usually throw away that could

be _ something useful

2 Name an activity that we should avoid because it

3 Name three things in this room that are

different materials

4 What can sometimes _ _ between passing and failing an exam? Why?

5 Name something that you couldn't

6 When did you last_

C, Work in pairs Write three sentences using phrases with make and do from Ex 3 Two of your sentences are false and one is true Can your partner guess the true sentence?

23

Trang 26

our children our parents and siblings our friends

people in authority our boss and colleagues

8 Work in pairs A white lie is a lie we don't consider very

serious Think of three examples of white lies many

people might tell regularly Think about these things:

on social media applying for a job

returning something to a shop

when you don't want to do spmething

Share your ideas with the class

Reading for specific information

Sometimes we need to scan texts when we're looking for

certain information Consider these points

• We need to have an idea about which section of a text

might contain the relevant information Think about the key

information we need to find and read quickly to identify

the area of text we need to look at more carefully.

• We don't necessarily need to read every word Ignore

words you don't know and don't try to analyse complex

sentences Look quickly to find figures, names or words

relevant to what you are looking for.

• The information we're looking for may not be phrased in

the way we are expecting.

24

It's a serious topic - lying, but for me there's quite a difference between an outright lie, one that benefits nobody apart from the liar, and those white lies that many

of us tell quite regularly for different reasons

I was talking to some friends the other day and one, Dan, is studying psychology He pointed out that many people who often tell white lies have a particular personality trait They are actually more compassionate than others According to Dan, there's a proper term for it - 'prosocial deception' - and there are two types One is all about encouraging people, like saying 'you're doing great' when they might not be! And the other is to prevent people getting upset So, if you really don't like someone's new glasses, you might pretend that you do Saying they don't suit their face and make them look too serious would make them feel bad

Of course, it's also all about wanting to be liked ourselves, isn't it? We want to be the nice guys Some people might say that we shouldn't always try to do the 'nice' thing and that it's better for people to know the hard truth But I'm not sure Anyway, next time someone accuses me of not telling the truth I shall just say that I certainly wasn't lying, I was just being 'prosocially deceptive'! So, how many prosocial deceptions have you told this week? Let me know!

e Read the Exam focus, then read the biog above and find the information 1-5 Do this as quickly as you can and compare your time with others in the class

1 the scientific term for telling white lies

2 how the writer learned'about this

3 how many types of white lie the term covers

4 how people who tell white lies are sometimes described

5 an example of an object that someone might lie about

0 Read the introduction to the article and look at the photograph Scan the paragraphs (A-D) and decide which one relates to the photograph Which words helped you decide?

8 Work in pairs Discuss what white lie the person might have told

0 Read the exam task in Ex 7 and underline the important words in the questions that will help you identify the relevant information

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I Read about four people whose white lies had unexpected consequences

Take Alice for example,

A I was just married, and desperately

wanted my new mother-in-law to like

me So, when she asked for my opinion of her outfit at

a family dinner, I was full of admiration No way was

I going to tell the truth! The dress was purple, flowery

and completely outdated Instead I told her how lovely

it was I'd completely forgotten about the incident until

she gave me a birthday present a few months later - an

identical purple dress She said it was because I'd clearly

admired hers and she was looking forward to seeing me

in it at the party I wore it and hated every minute of my

party that year I'm much more careful these days about

the white lies I tell And the dress? Well, unfortunately,

it somehow shrank in the wash and I haven't been able

to wear it again

8 My young son had been looking forward

to his first sports day at primary school for weeks, and I'd promised to be there, cheering him on

Then, the weekend beforehand I checked my work diary

and realised I'd agreed to attend a meeting that same

afternoon If I didn't go to sports day, I would be letting

down my son, but if I didn't go to the meeting, I'd be letting

down my boss What I should have done was admit my

mistake and ask for the afternoon off Instead I called in

sick and I went to the sports day I was so proud when

Danny won his race, although also a little guilty about the

meeting The problem was, I took Danny and his friends

for an ice cream in the park later and I'm pretty sure

I saw my boss's car go past He wants to see me later

and I think I know why

It was only a very small exaggeration really Well OK,

C it was more of a lie - but not a big serious one I was applying for my present job and listed my hobbies as drama, cross-country running, travelling - and then added gardening because I thought it was

a bit different I even mentioned that I'd won an award Ha! Truth was I'd won third prize for a miniature garden at school when I was eight and in fact my mum had done most of it So, when my office wanted ideas about designing a new outside space for our building, guess who they came to for advi.ce? I could have lied again and made something up, but I came clean Luckily everyone was good about it and we had a laugh sharing stories of other white lies that had had consequences later on It was Shakespeare who said 'the truth will out', wasn't it? He was right

D I had no idea what silver service was - but I said I did

when I was being interviewed for a job as a waiter recently I thought it would be something I could pick up as I went along, after all it wasn't as if I was an inexperienced waiter - I had served in restaurants before However, I totally underestimated the difference between waiting tables in a small Italian restaurant dealing mainly with pizzas and pasta dishes, and the rather more upmarket hotel I was going for It turns out that silver service involves using a silver serving spoon and fork in the right hand to serve vegetables or meat from a dish held

in the left I definitely shouldn't have pretended I could do it! Trying to manipulate everything at the same time resulted in my dropping the serving dish and covering a customer with

buttered potatoes I lasted precisely one hour!

Q You are going to read an article about telling white lies For questions 1-10,

choose from the sections (A-D).The sections may be chosen more than once 0 Discuss the following.

Whose white lie do you think was the worst? Why?

Which person

1 wanted to impress a relative?

2 was unable to continue in her work?

3 lied when faced with a difficult choice?

4 corrects herself when describing the seriousness of her lie?

5 endured a difficult social event to maintain a lie?

6 is still unaware of the consequences of her lie?

7 confessed to having lied before it was discovered?

8 assumed something that turned out to be wrong?

9 didn't enjoy an event completely as a result of her lie?

10 changed her attitude to lying as a result of an experience?

8 Complete Exam file SECTION A

on page 14

IExAM TRAINER I pp36-37 � 2s

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0 Work in pairs and look at the photo above Why do you

think people take photographs in black and white?

8 (i) 3.3 Listen to a photographer talking about his work.

Why does he take black and white photos? What does he

say are the key benefit and the key challenge?

e (i) 3.4 Choose the correct word to complete each

phrasal verb in bold Listen and check

1 Everything in white really stands in/ out

2 You can get away through/ with awful colour contrasts

3 That makes up for/ with the preparation involved

4 You really have to think your photo through/ up before

you take it

5 This means figuring the tones in/ out before you take

the photo

6 Rushing a shot rarely pays on/ off

7 Photos with filters rarely live up for/ to the same standard

as those without

8 I messed in/ up a lot of good shots early in my career

0 Match the phrasal verbs in bold in Ex 3 with definitions

A-H below Which phrasal verbs need an object?

Which can be separated?

A understanding E consider carefully

B ruined F reach an expected level

C is easy to notice G improves a bad situation

D do something without H has a good result

issues

Q Write at least four sentences that are true for you using

phrasal verbs from Ex 3

The effort I put in at work is finally paying off

Q Work in pairs Tell each other your sentences and add

more information Ask questions

The effort I put in at work is finally paying off I've just

been offered a promotion

That's great! What will your new position involve?

f) Complete Exam file SECTION 8 on page 2.

26

f) For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, 8, C or D) best fits each gap There is an example

When the colour image of Lewis Powell appeared on social media, what (3)

out was how much he looked like us today, not someone involved in a plot to kill President Lincoln in 1865

Colourising a black and white image is

not a fast process Colourists need to

(4) out which colour to use for each item, (5) _

on extensive historical research to help them It can thentake days to colour each item by (6) using digitalsoftware One human face has several different skintones, and it's important to get the light right The processmight take a long time, but the result usually (7) it

Of course, colourisation requires a high level of skill, which

a colourist needs to (8) at before they produceimages like the one of Lewis Powell

0 A among B through C with D between

1 A contrast B difference C comparison D .iddition

2 A achieve B manage C succeed D pull

3 A stood B turned C burst D made

4 A think B figure C fill D leave

5 A counting B trusting C using D relying

6 A pen B hand' C ink D machine

7 A gets away B makes up C comes up D lives up

8 A improve B attempt C work D try

Q Work in pairs What are the pros and cons of being these types of photographer? Try to use phrasal verbs from Ex 3

in your discussion

photo journalist fashion photographer food photographer sports photographer wedding photographer

A fashion photographer can mess up a shot and retake it but a sports photographer can't

EXAM TRAINER I pB Exs 3-4 1

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0 Read the dictionary definition below Why might

a shopping mall like the one in the photo be

a white elephant?

I white 1elephant noun [countable]

a building, structure or possession which cost a lot

of money but is useless

The Empire State Building was considered to be a white

elephant for decades with only a fifth of it in use

f) (j) 3.5 Listen to Fay talking about the mall How did

she feel about the mall when it was first built? How

does she feel now? Choose from these feelings.

amusement determination disbelief

fascination relief suspicion

Identifying attitude

Speakers give clues about their feelings on a topic through

the words they use and their sentence stress/intonation

For example:

None of us could quite believe it when it was first built

(disbelief)

but thank goodness, things are improving now (relief)

e (i) 3.6 Read the Exam focus For questions 1-4,

listen to two speakers, A and B and match them with

the attitudes What helps you?

suspicious

alternatives

Speaker 1 is A frustrated that research wasn't carried out

B angry that nobody wants to use the mall

Speaker 2 is A impressed by the structure of the building

B astonished that the building work is

incomplete

Speaker 3 is A excited about the mall facilities

B determined to learn more about the mall

Speaker 4 is A surprised that the mall is getting busier

B delighted that more people are visiting the mall

Speaker 5 is A fed up that money is spent unwisely

B pleased that money is spent on necessary things

Speaker 6 is A disappointed when failures consistently

hopeful about the project's Speaker 1 _

curious about the designer Speaker 3 _

annoyed by a waste of time Speaker 4 _

surprised by the lack of funding puzzled by the size of the project disappointed by the demand for facilities impressed by the organisation of finances

Speaking or writing f)Think of a successful or white elephant project in an area you know In groups, discuss why it's (un)successful.

E) Write a forum comment giving your opinion on a real or imaginary white elephant project Say what it is and why you like or dislike it Share your comment with the class.

EXAM TRAINER I ��b Ex 1 � 27

�

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3

0 Work in pairs and answer the questions

1 Do you have plans to travel somewhere interesting over

the next few months?

2 Which part of the world would you most like to visit? Why?

3 Would you like to go on an organised expedition to an

unusual place? Why?/ Why not?

f) Look at the photo below from an advertisement for an

expedition What points might the advertisement mention?

Read the advertisement and check your ideas.

HUSKY SLEDDING IN SCANDINAVIA

Have you ever looked at photos of teams of beautiful huskies,

pulling sleds across sparkling, untouched white snowy

landscapes and envied the people on the sleds? Well, that could

be you! Here at Expeditions of a Lifetime, we run eight-day

sledding trips through Norway and Sweden Sign up and in a

few months, you'll be experiencing the magic of these winter

wonderlands for yourself You'll make lifelong friends and work

with magnificent dogs And by the end of the expedition you'll

have encountered and overcome challenges, both mental and

physical This expedition is not for the fainthearted - it will be

cold, it will be exhausting, it will be difficult But it will be an

experience like no other Are you up for it? Contact us and we'll

send you details What have you got to lose?

e Why is the expedition not for the faint-hearted?

0 � 3.10 Listen to a woman talking to a friend about the

expedition What is her main concern?

e Choose the correct alternatives to complete the extra

information from the expedition organisers

1 You'll be sleeping/ 'II have been sleeping in high

altitude mountain tents for seven nights as part of

your experience

2 The flight leaves I is leaving at 8.30 and lands/

is landing at 10.30

3 You 'II be/ are cold and tired at the end of each day

because you sled/ 'II have been sledding for up to

six hours by the time we stop

4 All members of the group know we meet I 're meeting

in the departure lounge half an hour before take-off

5 By the end of the trip you'll have been covering/

'II have covered approximately 250 km

6 Because of the popularity of these expeditions,

we're going to look/ 'II have looked for other locations

to add to our programme for next year

f) Complete Exam file SECTION 8 on page 4.

28

C, For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap Use only one word in each gap There is an example at the beginning (0)

So, (0) WHAT _ are your travel plans this year?

(1) you, like more and more people,

be spending your money on an expedition? In today's fast and noisy world this type of break is becoming

increasingly popular (2) all age groups Opportunities for physical challenges (3) _

as trekking through mountains are easy to find People are also opting to visit places to see animals that may become extinct within (4) few decades.

While the accommodation on many of these interesting

packages may be much more basic (5) _ _

we have become used to, the cost can actually be much higher People are prepared to pay a lot for a unique

experience It will be interesting to see (6) _ this desire for experience takes us in the future Perhaps the cost of holidays in space will have come down and

a visit to the stars will (7) accessible to the average person Who knows? It's (8)

to be interesting to see how far the travel industry will eventually take us!

f) Work in pairs Plan a three-day expedition to a place of your choice Tell another pair about your plans and make predictions about the trip Use a variety of future forms.

Q Work in pairs Research or imagine another expedition holiday and write an advert for it Share your adverts with the class and find out which one most people would like

to go on

EXAM TRAINER I p12 Exs 2-3

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0 Have you ever tried or would you like to try the sports in

the photos? Why?/ Why not?

e Work in pairs List reasons why people might want to do

a dangerous sport and why some people wouldn't

e Read about a man's white-water rafting experience.

Does he mention any of the points you listed in Ex 2?

What a hair-raising experience! I was looking for a

challenge and I certainly found one - it just wasn't quite

what I'd expected I was in Canada on holiday with

friends and the white-water rafting sounded tempting and

something we'd never tried before But the organised

tours cost a fortune So, we decided we could do it on

our own in a hired dinghy The danger aspect didn't cross

our minds: we hired life-jackets and helmets, so we didn't

feel scared Big mistake! It started great The speed

was exhilarating and gave us a great rush of adrenaline

But our inexperience soon showed when we hit some

nasty rapids The dinghy got trapped between rocks and

I was thrown into the water I struggled to the river bank,

but I'd hurt my ankle and because we were miles from

anywhere, we had to call out the emergency services to

help! I know we shouldn't have been so thoughtless, but

I still think it's important to take risks from time to time

I would definitely go white-water rafting again - but only

after some training and with the right safety precautions!

0 (i) 3.11 Listen to two extracts from discussions about

doing dangerous sports Which extract shows a better

discussion? Why?

Asking for and giving opinions

In a discussion it's important to involve the other person, not

just to take turns to give your opinion Make sure you ask for

the other person's opinion:

What do you think?/ What's your opinion?

Do you think the same? I How do you feel about it?

You should also vary the expressions you use to give your own

opinion Try not to repeat I think too many times It makes the

discussion more interesting:

In my opinion/ For me/ My thinking is that/ From my side

t) Complete Exam file SECTION A on page 40.

8 Some people think it's a good idea to try dangerous sports and other people disagree Here are some things they think about and a question for you to discuss

First you have some time to look at the task

Now, talk to each other about whether it's a good idea i:o try dangerous sports

r something fun doing and exciting

having the right training and equipment

Is it a good idea to try dangerous sports?

G our health putting danger

facing a new challenge costing the emergency services money

Now you have about a minute to decide which is the most important thing to consider when planning to try dangerous sports

0 Compare your decision with the rest of the class and explain your reasons

0 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.

1 Are there any adventurous sports or activities you would like to try? Why?/ Why not?

2 Should children be encouraged to try dangerous sports and activities? Why?/ Why not?

Q Research another extreme sport List some

possible dangers and what safety measures can

be taken

Tell the class and vote on the riskiest sport

to do

Trang 32

3

0 Work in pairs Read Dylan's email to Mara about their friend

Dan What ideas would you give him?

.l From: Dylan

Subject: Celebration

Hi Mara,

I'm writing to ask for a favour Dan's leaving for his new job in

White Plains soon and I want to throw him a leaving party next

weekend You're great with these things What type of party

could I have? How should I organise the food?

Hope to hear from you soon!

Dylan

8 Read Mara's reply and answer the questions.

1 What is the purpose - to describe, suggest or give news?

2 Is it formal or informal? How do you know?

3 What's the purpose of each paragraph?

.l From: Mara

Subject: Re: Celebration

Hi Dylan,

I think throwing a party for Dan is a lovely idea and I'm really

happy to help Can I come?!

There are loads of different types of parties you could have

Fancy dress is fun I've got a great zebra costume if you fancy

being the back legs! Joking aside, a week probably isn't long

enough for people to find a costume You could have a dinner

party where the guests are all in white (VVhite Plains, get it?!)

Or, I could bring my karaoke machine and we could have

a karaoke night

As for food, you should make it simple You could prepare the

ingredients for tacos and put them on the table for everyone

to put together Alternatively, supply the basics for a barbecue

and ask guests to bring things along to grill You've got the

perfect garden for it

Anyway, hope that's helped Let me

know what you decide and what I can do

Mara

Common expressions

We use common expressions in messages These are informal

when writing to friends and family and formal when writing to

people we don't know, e.g a job application

I'm writing to (ask for a favour) I am writing to (apply for/

complain about )

Hope that's helped I hope I have been of some help

Hope to hea r from you soon I look forward to hea r ing from yo u

30

E) Read the Exam focus Then, put the words in order to form useful expressions.

1 you/ hear/ from I to I great I.

2 must/ the confusion/ for/ apologise/ I I.

3 propose/ to/ like/ an idea I would / I I.

4 wait I see I II can't I to/ you/!

5 would like/ request/ to/ I/ a refund/

6 should/ a try/ you/ give it/

7 sure/ love I you'll/ I'm/ it/ that/

8 believe/ benefit/ I I your company/ would/ I I.

C) Is each phrase in Ex 3 formal or informal? What is its purpose? In what kind of email might you use it?

0 Complete the Exam file exercises on page 20

8 Work in pairs Look at the exam task below What two questions do you have to answer? What suggestions could you make?

You have received this email from your English speaking friend Alex

Alex

0 Plan your email reply to Alex.

• Decide how to start and end your email.

• Decide on a suggested place and what to say about it.

• Decide on a suggested activity and what to say about it.

• Note down useful informal phrases to use.

f) Write your reply in 140-190 words Then use this checklist to review and improve your email.

• I've started and ended my email appropriately.

• I've answered both questions in the exam task.

• I've organised my ideas into logical paragraphs.

• I've used informal phrases appropriately.

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0

FIVE FACTS YOU DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT CAN DYFLOSS

1 A typical serving contains about calories

2 A serving contains less sugar than a _

3 There's no , cholesterol or in it

4 Making candyfloss is similar to making _ _

5 The first candyfloss machine was invented by a _ _

8 � 4.1 Listen to two friends talking about candyfloss and check

your ideas

e (i) 4.2 Replace the words in bold with these phrasal verbs.

Then, listen again and check

cools down cutting down on eat out eat up

go for go off heat up live on

1 Haven't you finished your burger yet? Come on, consume it all!

2 You can't eat only it and nothing else It's just pink air

3 It doesn't become bad to eat either!

4 Because you increase the temperature of sugar and melt it?

5 The sugar then gets colder

6 Anyway, as we don't have a meal not at home very often,

7 I'm reducing my consumption of sugary food

8 I could choose a bottle of water though!

0 from Ex 3 in the correct form

1 Would you survive if you had to

food you grew or found yourself?

2 What unhealthy food do you think you should

_ because you eat too much

of it?

3 Have you ever eaten food after it's _ _ _ _ or pastits sell-by-date?

4 Do you let hot drinks_

before you drink them?

5 Do you usually every bit of your meal?

6 How often do you _ takeaway food and eat it the next day?

7 What food or drink could you _ right this minute?

8 How often do you _ at restaurants?

0 Work in pairs Take turns to ask and answer the questions in Ex 4

31

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4

0 What do you do when you're embarrassed?

8 � 4.3 How would you react in these situations?

Listen to three people describing their reactions

Match speakers 1-3 with situations A-C Are the people's

reactions similar to yours?

A One of your parents meets your new friends for the first

time and spends ages telling them all how clever, talented

and wonderful you are

B You see someone you think you recognise and wave madly,

grin at them and say 'Hi!' loudly When you get closer you

realise it's not who you'd thought

C You're taking part in a stage performance and in the middle of

an important speech you completely forget your lines

Deducing the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary

Often, it is not necessary to understand every word to make

sense of a text However, sometimes you need to understand

the general meaning of a word or phrase because it is central to

understanding

1 Ignore the item(s) you don't understand when you first read

the text Try to understand the general meaning of the text

2 If the word is important, identify the part of speech

3 Does the word or phrase contain a root or a word that you

know and might help you work out the meaning?

4 Look at what comes before and after the word Are there

clues about positive or negative associations? Can you

think of another word or phrase that would fit?

In the example below, we can deduce that 'deafening' means

'very loud' because it's in a theatre, it makes the actor proud,

so could not be quiet or negative

As the curtain came down the noise from the audience was

deafening Mia stood at the front of the stage, blushing

She couldn't remember ever having felt so proud

C) Read the Exam focus Work in pairs Read the sentences

and answer the questions How does the context help you?

1 My sister and I used to squabble a lot over our toys when

we were little, but nothing ever got serious

Is squabbling likely to split a friendship or not?

2 I remember clambering up to sit on the top of the garden

wall, using some boxes and the litter bin

Would you clamber or climb up the stairs?

3 Sometimes inexperienced violin players make a horrific

screeching sound which makes me want to cover my ears

Is screeching a high or low sound?

4 Put me on a stage, in Shakespearean costume with a big

audience and I couldn't be happier I'm in my element

If you were 'in your element' what would you be doing?

32

f) Complete Exam file SECTION B on page 10.

0 Read the first sentences of the text on page 33 Where

do you think the text might be from? Choose A, B

or C Why? Then read the complete text and see if you change your mind

A an article B a biog C a story

8 Read the text again For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according

to the text

1 In the first paragraph the writer is

A unaware of her children's disagreement

B frustrated by a medical problem

C engaged in a familiar activity

D angry that she cannot concentrate

2 What does the writer suggest about the woman

on the bench?

A She shouldn't wear white in a park

B She may regret choosing to rest there

C She is angry about the twins' behaviour

D She looks young for her age

3 What is the significance of the ring on the woman's hand?

A The writer admires its beauty

B It brings back bad memories for the writer

C The writer drew it when she was in art class

D It looks too small for the woman's finger

4 What does 'it' refer to in line 30?

A telling jokes about the writer

B the way the writer styles her hair

C laughing at the writer's discomfort

D seeing the writer blush

5 What do we learn about Miss Davenport in paragraph 5?

A she regrets how she treated the writer at school

B she doesn't appreciate the writer's effort at drawing

C she has no interest_ in the past

D she has no time for art these days

6 How does the writer feel at the end of the extract?

A pleased that Miss Davenport is embarrassed

B proud of her sketch of the tree

C glad that she's conquered her habit of blushing

D relieved that Miss Davenport is leaving the park

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Q Discuss in pairs.

Imagine you sat on a bench next to a family like

that in the extract How would you react? Why?

Then the inevitable, 'That's so not fair! Mummee .' I can see without looking the cards thrown down in anger on the grass, and I can feel the air tremble with Katie's growing bad temper

-But my mind is distracted for a moment as a shadow falls over my sketchbook

A tall, slim woman in a white dress seats herself beside me on the bench and I give

an apology, quickly sweeping some empty sticky chocolate bar wrappers frqm the twins' picnic into my bag She says nothing, but sits, erect, staring straight

in front of her at the tree I'm sketching It's difficult to assess her age behind the dark glasses About 557 I carry on sketching, trying to ignore the battle going on between my children The lady in white will soon discover that she's chosen the wrong park bench to sit on this sunny, Sunday afternoon

And it kicks off A screech from Katie I don't need to turn 'Melia - give Katie back her cards! Play nicely Or NO ICE CREAM.' Silence and I turn to the woman, to offer

an apology for my children doing what children do, but she's still staring at my tree Then I notice something that gives me a little shock Her fifty-or-so year-old fingers are curling tightly around a white leather bag on her lap and the ring on her third finger flashes briefly in the sunshine It's large, mui'ti-coloured I remember that ring

It flashed in front of me every time she ripped a page from my sketchbook in Year

10 art class I used to focus on it as she humiliated my artistic attempts in front of the group, hoping that my burning cheeks would cool before I had to turn to face

my classmates again

We all have our trials as a teenager, and mine was that I blushed far more easily than anyone else Anything could set me off, not understanding a joke, a comment about my hair, everyone looking at me when I was asked a question I just got hot and went deep pink And of course, my classmates played on it - they thought

I was hilarious Teachers, for the most part, were sympathetic The woman in white wasn't one of them

'Miss Davenport?' I say in a small voice The head turns and I see my reflection in the glasses, still pale from my illness The ring flashes again as she removes them, and I'm looking directly into the cold, blue eyes I remember so well They drop very briefly

to my sketchbook and then look back at me 'Susan Grant,' she states and her lips twist as though my name tastes nasty 'I should have known No talent then and no talent now It looks like a pineapple.' And I can't help it I'm back in art class and my cheeks are on fire I automatically cover my sketchbook so that she can't rip the page out But, of course, she doesn't She stands and turns to find another bench, one without squabbling toddlers or untalented ex-students As she turns, I notice, with

a naughty pleasure, that I'd missed a chocolate wrapper and her perfectly white skirt has a dark brown mark on the back My cheeks cool immediately

'That's a pretty tree mummy,' Katie clambers onto the bench Then she sees Miss Davenport's retreating back Then she states in that loud voice that four-year-olds have, 'That lady's got a dirty skirt!' Miss Davenport turns, surprised So do the people on the opposite bench I see two pink spots appear on her cheeks and

I think, 'Yes!'

f) Write a story about an awkward moment Think about these things.

• place, e.g at a party/ on the train/ at a concert

• people, e.g someone from school/ work/ extended family

• topic, e.g childhood/ teenage years/ holiday experience

EXAM TRAINER I pp25-29 � 33

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4 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 3 Word formation

0 � 4.4 Complete the quiz about

unusual cities in the world Then listen

to an extract from a radio quiz and

check your answers

In which countries can

you find these cities?

D Coober Pedy, a city where half the

population move underground during

the summer months

B Vardzia, a city of caves, now mainly

uninhabited

D Chefchaouen, a fairytale city, mainly

painted blue to reflect the sky

El Petra, an ancient city carved in red

and pink cliffs

0 Valparafso, a UNESCO world

heritage site, famous for its amazingly

colourful street art

1':11 Hallstatt Project, a replica of a

traditional Austrian city in completely

different surroundings

D Masdar City, a model city of the future

built using very modern techniques

llJ lquitos, the largest city in the world

that is inaccessible by road, and

combines modern city and jungle

f) (I) 4.5 Complete the sentences with

words from the conversation Listen

again and check.

1 Petra looks amazing and is a big

for tourists

2 Having hotels and

underground allows people to escape

the heat

3 People can relax in Chefchaouen

because of its unusual

4 The construction of Masdar City

probably relies on high-tech companies

for

5 Masdar City has overrun its

_ date

6 The streets of Valparafso show just

_ there is in the city

7 lquitos's _ is the main

reason for its fame

f) Complete Exam file SECTION B on page 6.

0 For questions 1-8, read the text below.

Use the word given in capitals at the end

of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line There is an example at the beginning (0)

The (0) BEAUTIFUL city of Jaipur in India is known by two names; 'The Paris of India' and 'The Pink City' The first relates

to its superb architecture and (1) _ atmosphere and the second to the fact that the majority of buildings are painted pink!

One of Jaipur's prominent (2) , the Hawa Mahal, is a good example of both names The stunning

structure, built in the shape of a crown, is (3) _ , and its intense colour is typical of the city

Just why is Jaipur mainly pink? One (4) _ _ is that when Prince Albert visited in 1876, the ruler had the whole city

painted in the symbolic Indian colour of (5) _ _ Another theory is that most of the buildings had been built of

pink sandstone and the ruler was (6) _ making the city look more uniform

Whatever the reason, Jaipur's beauty is known

(7) Tourists and artists are drawn from

all over the world by the (8) of its colourful appearance

BEAUTY ROMANCE

ATTRACT IMPRESS EXPLAIN HOSPITABLE SIMPLE

NATIONAL ORIGINAL

Q Work in pairs Describe your idea of the perfect place to live Where would it

be and what could you see and do there?

C) Write an entry for a website on inspirational cities Either research a city you haven't been to or write about one you know Try to use nouns from this lesson.

EXAM TRAINER I p16 Exs 2-5 �

Trang 37

show? Do you think this is concerning? Why?/ Why not?

f) (j) 4 7 Listen to a radio interview with professor Vanessa

Strong talking about gender and colour associations.

Answer the questions.

1 What is Vanessa concerned about?

A Packaging results in children having too many toys

B Packaging determines what toys children choose

C Packaging influences boys more than girls

2 What does Vanessa think is the effect of this issue?

A Parents lose control over their children's choices

B Children tend to play together in gender groups

C Toy packaging determines a child's preferences

iiihi·ik'ti

Identifying the main idea

Some questions may ask you to identify a speaker's main idea

A speaker may present an idea and then give supporting

details (e.g an explanation, examples, reasons, effects)

Or they may give supporting details and then conclude with

the main idea It's important to listen carefully to determine

what the main idea is

e (i) 4.8 Read the Exam focus Then listen to Vanessa

again For each main point in Ex 2, does she state the

main idea first or last?

0 (j) 4 9 Listen to further extracts from the radio interview.

Identify Vanessa's main point (A or 8)

1 A Toys can determine the skills that a child acquires

B Children who want to develop certain skills should play

with certain toys

2 A Toys help children to learn about different careers

B Toy packaging can shape a child's future

3 A The toys we purchase affect equality in the workplace

B What we buy for children can influence industries

4 A It is important to question the effect of toy colour on

cognitive development

B Children are interested in toys which push them to

think harder

e (j) 4.1 o You will hear an interview with a historian called Arjun Anand about the history of colour associations For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, B or C)

1 Arjun developed an interest in colour associations because they

A impact on our perception of the world

B affect both our physical and mental health

C provide important information about traditions

2 Arjun first started researching colour associations

A when he was studying for his degree

B while he was working for a charity

C after he'd started his first job

3 Arjun was surprised to find that

A blue and pink were both used differently in the past

B a fact he'd believed turned out to be only half true

C the link between colour and learning has changed

4 Arjun tells the story of a friend's party in order to

A criticise an ongoing trend

B suggest a course of action

C support a prediction

5 What does Arjun hope will happen in the future?

A Babies will wear neutral colours

B Pink and blue will become less popular

C People will wear whatever colours they want

6 Arjun mentions a survey in order to demonstrate that

A pink was not preferred in any place

B people have mixed feelings about pink

C women continue to like pink into adulthood

7 Arjun says that his future research will focus on how

A the human mind processes colour

B designers exploit colour to sell products

C people use colour to express ideas

C) Work in small groups Do you think that the situation described by Vanessa and Arjun is similar in your culture? Why?/ Why not? How do you think society could change such a situation for the better? Share your best two ideas with the class.

0 Write a short email to a company that makes children's games or clothes stating your concerns Think about the design and colour of the products and their packaging

EXAMTRAINER I p73 Exs 1-3 pl2 � 0 35

Trang 38

4

0 Work in pairs Look at the photo Where might you

see cherry blossom like this?

8 (i) 4.11 Listen to six people talking about a

memorable sight What does each person talk about?

E) (i) 4.12 Listen again Match speakers 1-6 with

sentences A-F.

A I made a quick decision while I was visiting a country D

B I was more relaxed than at any other time D

C It was a vision that will never leave my memory D

D I'm constantly searching for creativity in

E Crowds contributed to the mood of the place D

F I'm going to go and take another look next winter D

0 Match reported statements 1-6 below with sentences

A-F in Ex 3 Then choose the correct verb forms.

1 He said he had been/ was always looking for

art in unexpected places

2 She said she was/ would never forget the view

of the night sky

3 He said he'd been/ is travelling in Chile when

he'd suddenly decided to go to Easter Island

4 She said she had/ would felt more at peace

than ever before

5 He said he had/ was definitely going to go and

see them again

6 She said the people had/ have added to the

atmosphere

e Put the reporter's questions into reported speech.

1 Tell me something memorable you've seen

She asked me _ _ about something

memorable I _ _

2 What did you do there?

She asked me _ there

3 Did you find it?

She asked me _ _ _ _ it

4 What memorable sight have you seen?

5 What are the Moai?

6 Can you tell me about a memorable sight you've seen?

She asked me if _ _ about a memorable

sight I _

EXAM BOOST p8

t) Complete Exam file SECTION B on page 8.

36

0 For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that

it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given Here is an example (0)

0 'Where did you see dolphins in the wild?' Willem enquired

Philip asked me _ any

memorable sunsets on my trip

0 Work in pairs Tell each other about a memorable sight you've seen and one you'd like to see Then, work with

a different partner and report what your first partner said

EXAM TRAINER I p20 Ex 3

Trang 39

0 Look at these sayings What do you think they mean?

Do you have anything similar in your language?

When life gives you lemons, make lemonade

She always sees things through rose-coloured glasses

Every cloud has a silver lining

f) Answer the survey questions, then compare your answers

with a partner Would you say they are an optimist,

E1 You get a message from a friend saying they need to

talk to you straight away How do you feel?

A excited that there is some interesting news

B worried that something bad has happened

II It's possible that you may lose your job What do

you think?

A It's an opportunity to find something better

B I'll never find anything this good again

II You're delayed on a train going to work or college.

What do you do?

A take the opportunity to read a book or listen to music

B worry about what you're going to miss

D You've planned a barbecue but the forecast is possible

rain What do you do?

A go ahead with the barbecue B cancel it

E) Work in pairs and discuss this question.

Is it always good to be an optimistic person?

0 (j) 4.13 Listen to two people discussing the question.

Did they mention the same things as you?

Giving full answers with examples and justifications

When answering the Part 4 questions, try to give a full answer Extend your answer using words and phrases: also, ,/ as well

as this, / there's also the point that

Give a general example: for example, / such as / just look

at / like

Give a personal example: once, I went to / I had a friend who used to

Give a justification: that's because / the reason I say that is

0 (j) 4.14 Read the Exam focus, then listen again and answer the questions

1 Who gave a general example - the woman, the man,

or both? What was it/ were they?

2 Who gave a personal example - the woman, the man,

or both? What was it/ were they?

Q Complete Exam file SECTION A on page 42.

e Discuss the question in pairs, extending your answers with

a general and/or personal example

Are you optimistic or pessimistic about the future of the planet? Why?

f) Work in pairs Take turns to answer questions 1, 2 and 3 individually Then discuss questions 4, 5 and 6 together.

1 Are you usually affected by a friend's optimistic or pessimistic outlook? Why?/ Why not?

2 Some people say that people are born optimistic or pessimistic Do you agree? Why?/ Why not?

3 Do you think it's always a good idea to show your true feelings or is it better to smile when you're feeling stressed or tired? Why?

4 Have you seen anything on the news recently that has made you feel optimistic about the future?

5 Some people say it's better to focus on life today rather than worry about the future What's your opinion? Why?

6 Do you think it's important for parents to encourage their children to be realistic about their future job choices? Why?/ Why not?

C) Work in pairs List some things you are optimistic about for the future, and some things you are pessimistic about Compare your lists with other students' Discuss points you disagree about, giving reasons and examples.

EXAM TRAINER I pp89-90 � 37

�

Trang 40

4

0 Work in pairs What makes a good

concert or festival? What can make

a concert or festival less enjoyable?

8 Read the review What did the reviewer

like and dislike about the festival?

A MUSICAL ISLAND

ADVENTURE

The Isle of Wight Festival is

well-known Starting in the 1960s,

it was linked to hippy culture These

days, it's slightly more commercial

but I was still looking forward to

seeing what attracts 60,000 people

to the event

The festival site was fine It was

surprisingly in the middle of a town,

which would be convenient if we'd

needed to pop to the shops, but we

didn't find that necessary The site

wasn't vast and did feel overcrowded

at times, but it had everything we

needed from food to phone-charging

faci I ities

The range and quality of music at

the festival was pretty spectacular,

from Pink on the main stage to local

garage bands on the smaller stages

My best experience of the weekend

was coming across an amazing jazz

band on a stage in a tent They were

absolutely brilliant

All in all, the festival was an

experience not to be missed The

atmosphere was really positive and

everyone was friendly While the site

could have been a bit bigger and

the ferry tickets getting to the island

weren't all that cheap, I'll definitely

go back next year

E) Read the review again.

38

Number these topics in the order

they appear (1-4) What is

the purpose of a review?

Opinion of the site/venue

Developing ideas in a paragraph

A paragraph usually has one main idea which is stated in the first sentence This is the topic sentence This idea is then developed with supporting points such as an explanation, reasons, examples, the effect of something, etc For example: The music at the concert was fairly poor (topic sentence) The sound was bad and the stage was so low that we couldn't see the bands (reasons) During the final act, every time the singer sang, the equipment let out a terrible noise (example)

In the end, people stopped listening and just stood around and chatted, which completely ruined the atmosphere (effect)

0 Read the Exam focus Then look at paragraphs 2-4 in the review Identify the main idea in each and the type of information given to develop it

Q Complete the Exam file exercises on page 22.

e Read this announcement What do you need to include in your review?

Reviews wanted!

Have you been to a memorable concert or festival? Please write

a review telling us what you liked about it and what you didn't like

Would you recommend the band or festival to other people?

The best reviews will be posted on our entertainment website

0 Work in pairs Tell your partner about a festival or concert you've been to Discuss the topics in Ex 3

f) Plan your review Make notes under the topics in Ex 3 Decide how to order the information and choose descriptive words and phrases to use.

0 Write your reply in 140-190 words Make sure that:

1 the review informs and recommends

2 each paragraph starts with a topic sentence

3 the supporting points are ordered logically and linked

4 there are a variety of adjectives and phrases to describe the event.

f) Swap reviews with a partner Review them using the checklist in Ex 8.

EXAM TRAINER I p53-S6

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