Reported speech câu tường thuật Các thay đổi trong câu gián tiếp a Thay đổi các ngôi đại từ, tính từ, đại từ sở hữu: Các đại từ, tính từ, đại từ sở hữu thay đổi theo ngôi thứ và vai trò [r]
Trang 1English 9
UNIT 4: LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
VOCBULARY
1 compare /kəmˈper/ (v):
2 foreign /ˈfɔːrən/ (adj):
3 academy /əˈkædəmi/ (n):
4 advance /ədˈvæns/ (adj):
5 advertisement /ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt/ (n):
6 award /əˈwɔːd/ (v):
→ award /əˈwɔːd/ (n):
7 celebrate /ˈselɪbreɪt/ (v):
→ celebration /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/ (n):
8 dormitory /ˈdɔːrmətɔːri/ (n):
9 campus /ˈkæmpəs/ (n):
10 edit /ˈedɪt/ (v):
→ edition /ɪˈdɪʃn/ (n):
→ editor /ˈedɪtər/ (n):
11 exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ (v,n):
→ examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/ (n):
→ examiner /ɪɡˈzæmɪnər/ (n):
12 experience /ɪkˈspɪriəns/ (n):
13 explain something in detail /ɪkˈspleɪn ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɪn dɪˈteɪl/
14 fee /fiː/ (n):
15 formal /ˈfɔːml/
≠ informal /ɪnˈfɔːml/
16 gain weight /geɪn weɪt/
17 inquiry /ɪnˈkwaəri/ (n):
18 international /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ (adj):
19 introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/
20 learn by heart /lɜːrn baɪ hɑːrt/:
21 attend /əˈtend/ (v):
→ attendance /əˈtendəns/ (n)
→attendant /əˈtendənt/ (n)
22 oral examination /ˈɔːr(ə)l ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/
23 repute /rɪˈpjuːt/ (v):
24 reputation /repjʊˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ (n):
25 scenery /ˈsiːn(ə)ri/ (n):
26 terrible /ˈterəbl/ (adj):
27 written examination /ˈrɪtn ɪgˌzamɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/:
28 improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ (v):
29 institute /ˈɪnstɪtuːt/(n):
30 be interested in /ˈɪntrəstɪd/
31 detail /ˈdiːteɪl/ (n)
32 complete /kəmˈpliːt (v):
33 necessary /ˈnesəseri/ (adj):
34 well qualified /wel ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ (adj):
35 worry /ˈwɜːri/ (v):
GRAMMAR
1 Conditional sentence type 1
→ Diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Main clause IF clause
Ex:
- If you try your best, you can complete the exercise (Nếu bạn cố gắng, bạn có thể làm được bài
tập đó.)
- If she apply to that company, she will be accepted (Nếu cô ấy nộp đơn vào công ty đó, cô ấy sẽ
được nhận.)
NOTES:
- UNLESS = IF… NOT (nếu… không…)
Ex: If she doesn’t try harder, she might fail in the exam (Nếu cô ấy không cố gắng hơn, cô ấy có
thể trượt kì thi)
→ Unless she tries harder, she might fail in the exam
- Modal verb with IF (động từ khiếm khuyết trong câu điều kiện)
→ Modal verb [will/ would (sẽ), can/ could (có thể), shall/ should/ ought to (nên), must/ have
to (phải), may/ might (có lẽ)] có thể được dùng trong cấu điều kiện IF để diễn đạt một điều gì đó
chắc chắn hoặc có khả năng xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai Ngoài ra modal verb còn có thể diễn tả lời khuyên trong câu IF
Ex:
- If you want to go out, you must do the washing up (Nếu con muốn đi chơi thì con phải rửa chén)
- She might be sick if she doesn’t come (Cô ấy có thể bị bệnh nếu cô ấy không đến)
- If John jogs regularly, he can lose weight (Nếu John đi bộ thường xuyên thì anh ấy có thể giảm cân)
- You should wake up earlier if you don’t want to miss the bus again
Trang 22 Reported speech (câu tường thuật)
Các thay đổi trong câu gián tiếp
a) Thay đổi các ngôi (đại từ, tính từ, đại từ sở hữu):
Các đại từ, tính từ, đại từ sở hữu thay đổi theo ngôi thứ và vai trò trong câu tường thuật
Người nói (ngôi thứ nhất) I/ we → he, she/ they
Người nghe (ngôi thứ hai) you (S) → I, she, he, they, we
you (O) [đứng sau động từ]→me, her, him, them, us your → my, her, him, their, our
Ex: Mr Long said to Ling, “I will take you to her house.”
→ Mr Long told Ling that he would take her to her house
b) Thay đổi thời gian, địa điểm, các từ chỉ định
- now
- ago
- today
- yesterday
- tomorrow
- last …
- next
- here
- this/ these
- this/ these + N
then
before
that day
the day before/the previous day
the next day/the following day
the ….before/the previous …
the next
there
that/ those
the + N
c) Thay đổi thì của động từ
Simple present
Present progressive
S + is/ am/ are + Ving + O Past progressiveS + was/ were + Ving + O
Present perfect
S + have/ has + Ved/3 + O Past perfectS + had + Ved/3 + O
Simple past
Past progressive
S + was/ were + Ving + O Past perfect progressiveS +had + been + Ving + O
Near future
S + is/ am/ are + going to + Vo + O Near future in the pastS + was/ were + going to + Ving + O
Các loại câu gián tiếp
a) Reporting statements (câu kể)
“S 2 + V 2 ”, S 1 + V + O → S1 + said (to O) + that + S 2 + V 2(lùi thì)
told O reported
Ex: "I m very happy." Annie said
→ Annie said (that) she was very happy
"We like oranges." He said
→ He said (that) they liked oranges
b) Reporting questions (câu hỏi)
a) Yes/ No questions
“Aux thì + S 2 + V 2 ?” S 1 + V + O
→ S 1 + asked (O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + IF/ WHETHER + S 2 + V 2( lùi thì)
Ex: Mary said to Nam "Can you speak English?"
→ Mary asked Nam if he could speak English
"Do you go to school?" he asked → He asked if I went to school
b) Wh - questions (Câu hỏi với WH)
“Wh word + Auxthì + S2 + V2?” S1 + V
→ S 1 + asked (O)/ wondered/ wanted to know + wh word + S 2 + V 2( lùi thì)
Ex: Betty said to Jane "What are you doing?"
→ Betty asked Jane what she was doing
"When did your sister leave for Da Nang?" asked Tina
→ Tina asked me when my sister had left for Da Nang
EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Match two clauses to make conditional sentence
1 She will check her homework again
2 If we go out late tonight,
3 You might be tired in the morning
4 If you eat lots of vegetables,
5 I will bring you a sandwich
6 What will happen
7 If he eats too much candy,
8 If she practices playing the piano every day,
9 The plants will die
10 You may cause accidents
1 you will be healthy
2 we have to lock the door carefully
3 if you are hungry
4 if she has some time left
5 if you stay up late at night
6 if they aren't watered
7 she will play beautifully soon
8 he will have a toothache
9 if you are late for work again?
10 if you drive too fast
Trang 35-6- 7- 8- 9-
10-Exercise 2: Circle the phrase or clause that best suitable the word in parentheses.
1 If you give Ly an offer, _ (possibility)
2 He _ a cold if he doesn't wear his coat (possibility)
3 If your legs hurt, you _ (ability)
4 If you want to keep your body warm in winter, you lots of thick clothes (advice)
5 She a new dress if she has enough money (ability)
6 If you want to get good grades in English, you hard (necessity)
7 You watch TV if you promise to behave yourself (permission)
8 If she asks him for help, he _ help her (possibility)
9 If you promise to bring my daughter back before 9 p.m., you _ go out with her
(permission)
10 If he wants to study at university, he _ finish his high school (necessity)
Exercise 3: Complete the following sentences.
9. I/ will call/ you/ a ride home/ if/ rain/ tonight
10. The plants/ may/ not need/ fertilizer/ if/ soil/ rich
Exercise 4: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses
1 Somebody (steal)……… your bicycle if you leave it unlocked
2 What will happen if her parachute ……….(not open)
3 If the page-boy (wash)……… my car I'll given him a dollar
4 If she (need) ………a computer she can borrow mine
5 If you (not go)……… away I'll send for the police
6 I'll be very angry if she (make) ……….any more mistakes
7 If they (be)……… late I'll punish them
8 He'll be absolutely furious if he (hear) ……… about this
9 If you put on the Kettle she (make)………the tea
10 You can use my hand phone if yours ……….(not work)
11 If you (not know)……… the meaning of a word you may use a dictionary
12 If Henry (refuse) ……….to help I'll have to manage without him
13 If Janet (not help)……… I'll have to manage without her
14 If you (go out)……… would you buy me some cigarettes
15 If you (read)……… in bad light you will ruin your eyes
Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences into reported speech.
1 “I’m tired,” Trevor said
→ Trevor said
2 “Is this your pencil?” he asked his pupil
→ He asked
3 “The film will be interesting,” she said
→ She told
4 “Anne has bought the tickets.” She said to me
→ She told me
5 “It took me three hours to get here because the roads are flooded” he told me
→ He said to me
6 “Do you want to go out for a meal?” she asked him
→ She wanted to know
7 “Why are you late?” they asked their guests
→ They asked
8 “Do you know where Jean is living?” he asked me
→ He asked
9 “What are you going to do with your scholarship?” Hang asked Huong.
→ Hang asked Huong
10 “Where did you go last night?” his father asked him
→ His father
11 “What color are you going to paint the living room?” she asked them
→ She asked
12 “ I have something to show you now.” He said to me
He told me…
13 “ I’m leaving here for Hue tomorrow.” She said
She said
14 “ I’ll come with you as soon as I am ready.” Tom said to her
Tom told her
15 “ I must go now.” The father said to us
The father told us
16 “ Why do you come here late?” she asked me
Trang 417 She asked
18 “ Who puts the salt in my cup of coffee?” asked Peter
Peter asked
19 “ Can you play the piano?” he asked the girl
He asked the girl…
20 “ I’m having a good time here.” Said Maryam
Maryam said
21 “ Do you like pop music?” Hoa asked Maryam
Hoa asked Maryam
22 “ Where do you live, the boy?” asked the man
The man asked
Exercise 6: Rewrite the following sentences by using IF1
1 Study hard or you won’t pass the exam
If Unless
2 Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes
If Unless
3 I only come if they invite me
Unless
4 Leave me alone or I’ll call the police
Unless If
5 The children don’t go to school in the snowy weather
If it
6 Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once
Unless
7 In case it rain, we’ll stay at home
If it
8 You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you
If Unless
9 Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up
If
10 Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson
If …
11 If you do not like this one, I’ll bring you another
Unless…
12 If she does not hurry, she’ll be late
Unless …
13 If you are not careful, you’ll cut yourself
Unless