NEED Need to do = it is necessary to do: cần phải làm chủ động Need doing = need to be done: cần phải được làm bị động Ex: Tom needs to work harder.. It is necessary for Tom to work hard[r]
Trang 1159 Nguyễn Công Trứ - F2 – Đà Lạt Tel: 02633 555 939 English 11
UNIT 3: A PARTY
I GRAMMAR
1 Gerund
a Verb + V-ing: Danh động từ theo sau một số động từ:
1 admit: thú nhận 11 enjoy: thích thú 21 practice: luyện tập
4 begin = start: bắt đầu 14 hate: ghét 24 risk: mạo hiểm, đánh liều
5 consider: xem xét 15 involve: dính líu, liên quan 25 suggest: gợi ý
6 continue: tiếp tục 16 keep (on): tiếp tục
7 delay = postpone: trì hoãn 17 like = love
8 deny: từ chối, phủ nhận (phủ định) 18 mind: phiền
10 dislike: không thích 20: postpone: hoãn lại
Ex: He admitted taking the money
He didn’t want to risk getting wet
We had to spend 3 hours climbing the mountain
b V + O + preprosition + Ving
Ex: The police accuse the robbers of robbing the bank
The teacher criticized his students for being lazy in studying
c V + preposition + Ving
1 apologize for: xin lỗi 7 carry on: tiến hành
2 complain about: phàn nàn 8 give up: từ bỏ
4 insist on: khăng khăng 10 put off: trì hoãn
5 object to: phản đối 11 be interested in: thích thú
6 dream of = think of: mơ về 12 instead of: thay vì
7 look forward to: mong đợi
Ex: The secretary apologized for not finishing the project in time
Most of parents in this country object to paying high fee
d Expression + V-ing: Một số thành ngữ theo sau bởi V-ing
- spend + ………… + Ving: dành … để làm gì → I spend 3 hours a day practicing the piano.
- waste + ……… + Ving: lãng phí … để làm gì → My friend is wasting his time playing games.
- can’t help = can’t stand + Ving: không thể chịu đựng → I can’t stand laughing when she told me the story.
- It is no good / It is no use: thật vô ích để làm gì → It’s no good trying to persuade him to change his mind.
- Go + Ving
- be used to = get used to: quen với cái gì → I live in Vietnam, so I am used to driving on the right.
- S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thích làm gì hơn làm gì → He prefer drinking to working He is a alcoholic
= S + would rather Vinf than Vinf = He would rather drink than work.
- How about/ What about + Ving: gợi ý làm gì
= Let’s + Vo/ Shall we + Vo / I suggest + Ving
2 Infinitives
a) Bare infinitive
Theo sau modal verbs
make/ let + O + Vo (bắt buộc/ cho phép ai làm gì) => be made/ let + to V o
have + O + V o (nhờ vả ai làm gì)
Ex:
The Brown made their children clean their room => Their children were made to clean their room
The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs
Trang 2 see/ hear/ watch/ notice/ feel + O + Vo
Ex:
We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain
The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual
help + O + Vo : giúp đỡ ai làm gì
Ex: The parents helped their children set up the tent
Cấu trúc bàng thái cách
S + suggest/ demand/ insist/ recommend/ request + THAT + S + (should) V o
Ex: The doctor suggested thathis patient stop smoking
My boyfriend insists that he accompany me to the class meeting.
It + be + important/ necessary/ essential/ vital + THAT + S + (should) V o
Ex: It is necessary that he find the book.
It has been vitally important that you should prepare for the exam now.
b) To infinitive
A To infinitive sau động từ:
Dạng 1: V + TO INFINITIVE :
Ex: I would like to drink coffee
She always expect to be given a bunch of flowers on her birthday
Dạng 2: V + O + TO INFINITIVE
+ order: yêu cầu, ra lệnh + remind: nhắc nhở
+ permit: cho phép
Ex: They don’t allow you to smoke here
My mother asked me to buy some fruits
Dạng 3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND
1 NEED
Need to do = it is necessary to do: cần phải làm (chủ động)
Need doing = need to be done: cần phải được làm (bị động)
Ex: Tom needs to work harder (It is necessary for Tom to work harder.)
The grass in front of the house needs cutting (The grass in front of the house needs to be cut.)
2 STOP
Stop to do = stop in order to do: dừng lại để làm việc khác
Stop doing = not to do something any longer: dừng luôn việc đang làm
Ex: They stopped to look at the pictures
They stopped smoking because it is bad for their health
3 REGRET/ REMEMBER/ FORGET:
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Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại và tương lai)
Ex: Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi bức thư này) Don’t forget to buy flowers (đừng quên mua hoa đấy)
I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tôi rất tiếc phải báo tin cho anh rằng chuyến tầu đã bị hủy bỏ)
Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc đã làm gì (ở quá khứ)
Ex: I paid her $2 I still remember that => I still remember paying her $2 (tôi nhớ đã trả cô ấy 2 đô la)
She will never forget meeting the Queen (cô ấy không bao giờ quên lần gặp nữ hoàng)
He regrets leaving school early It is the biggest mistake in his life
4 TRY
Try to do: cố gắng làm
Try doing: thử làm
Ex: She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college of pharmacy
I’ve got a terrible headache I try taking some aspirins but they didn’t help
B To infinitive sau một số cấu trúc:
1 S + Be + Adjective + To Infinitive
Ex:
- I’m very glad to see you. Rất vui khi gặp bạn
- It’s difficult to find their house Thật khó tìm ra nhà của họ
- It’s dangerous to drive fast Lái xe nhanh thì nguy hiểm
- It’s important to learn English Học tiếng Anh thì rất quan trọng
2 S + V + too + A+ (for O) + to V o : quá…… đến nỗi mà không thể
Ex: The water in this glass is too hot to drink
This coffee is too hot for me to drink
He runs too slowly to catch the bus
3 S + V + A + enough (for O) + to infi
Ex: He is old enough to get married
He’s intelligent enough to get good marks
They speak slowly enough to understand
4 It + cost/ take + O +….+ to infinitive…
Ex: It would cost millions/ take years to rebuild the castle
5 Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + to V o
(ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder)
Ex: He discovered how to open the safe
I found out where to buy fruit cheaply
She couldn’t think what to say
She wondered whether to write or phone
5 so as to/ in order to/ to + V o : để làm gì
Ex: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam
6 Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:
- sau the first, the second , the last, the only, so sánh nhất
Ex: He loves parties; he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves
= He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave
He is the second one to be killed in this way
Trang 4II PRACTICE
I. Choose the word in which the letter l, r, or h his silent
II Complete these sentences with the correct form or tense of the verb in the box
celebrate sing joke divorce receive
decorate serve gather invite clap
1 Paula's parent when she was only a child
2 Everyone us when we went up to get our prize
3 Let's have a party your birthday
4 you your Christmas tree yet?
5 I'd have liked to have gone to their party but I
6 She a camera as a twenty-fifth birthday present
7 Traditionally, Auld Lang Syne at midnight on New Year Eve
8 I thought he when he said he'd resigned
9 By the time we got to the party, the pasta
10 They for a major conference at the moment
III Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets
1 They organized a party in of the year's successes (celebrate)
2 The 50th wedding anniversary is called the anniversary (gold)
3 After they got , she never remarried (divorce)
4 We wish them every in their new life (happy)
5 The lighting in the room is functional as well as (decorate)
6 The postponed the race because of heavy snow (organize)
7 We're having a small family to mark our wedding anniversary (gather)
8 I have no _ _ of changing jobs (intend)
9 The food was good but the _ _ was very slow (serve)
10 Nobody in the office had received an _ to the party (invite)
IV Which verb form is correct?
1 a Passing the kitchen, he stopped drinking/ to drink a large glass of water
b They stopped talking/to talk when the teacher walked into the classroom
2 a Although she asked him to stop, he went on tapping/ to tap his pen on the table
b Dr Harris welcomed the members of the committee and went on introducing/ to introduce the subject of the meeting
3 a I regret telling/ to tell you that the model you want is out of stock
b It cost me a fortune, 'but I don't regret spending/ to spend a year travelling around the world
4 a Remember checking/ to check your answer before handing in your exam paper
b I remember putting/ to put the money in the top drawer, but it's not there now
5 a Have you forgotten meeting/ to meet me years ago?
b Don't forget finding out/ to find out how many people are coming on Saturday
6 a I tried getting/ to get the table through the door, but it was too big
b I tried taking/ to take some aspirin, but the pain didn't go away
7 a He needs working/ to work harder if he wants to make progress
b It's difficult problem It needs thinking/ to think about very carefully
8 a I think Nick meant breaking/ to break that glass It didn't look like an accident
b If we want to get there by 7 00, that means getting/ to get up before 5 00
9 a Can you help me getting/ to get the dinner ready?
b He looks so funny Whenever I see him, I can't help smiling/ to smile
10 a I'd advise taking/ to take more exercise
b I'd advise you taking/ to take more exercise
V Put the verb into correct form infinitive, to-infinitive, or -ing
1 You shouldn't let your children _ (play) with matches It's very easy _ (catch) fire
2 I enjoy (be) busy I don't like it when there is nothing _ (do)
3 Let's hurry! We must finish _ (paint) the office before 3:00 today
4 As we don’t agree _ (carry out) a proposal we generally avoid _ (discuss) the subject
5 I don't mind _ (remind) you _ (lock) the door but you'd better _ (try) _ (remember) on your own
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6 Please stop _ (interrupt) when I'm explaining something to you You can _ (ask) questions at the end
7 He admitted _ (enter) the house but refused (steal) the money
8 I don't really fancy _ (spend) my whole holiday with your cousins I'd rather _ (spend) my time with you
9 We had hoped _ (finish) the project by the end of the month but we keep _ (delay) by changes in the plans
10 You'd better _ (go) and see the boss and say what you've done If you put off _ (explain) it to her, she'll only more annoyed
11 No that's not what I meant (say) How can I make you _ (understand)?
12 Those shirts need _ (iron),but you don’t need _ (iron) them now
13 Are we permitted _ (bring) guests to the ceremony? I'd like _ (invite) my friend to join us
14 Children shouldn't be allowed _ (catch) violent programs on TV Parents should encourage their children _ (watch) educational programs
15 It's no use _ (try) (persuade) her _ (change) her mind Spend your time _ (do) something more worthwhile
VI Choose the correct answer
1 I don't mind _ late, if it will help at all
2 I remember _ to the zoo when I was a child
3 We managed _ over the wall without
a to climb/ seeing b climbing/ being seen c to climb/ being seen d to be climbed/ seeing
4 Isabel expected _ to the university, but she wasn't
5 The city council agreed _ the architect's proposed design for a new parking garage
6 The tin opener seems for _ left-handed people
7 My parents appreciate _ the thank-you note you sent them
8 When the police first questioned him, Wayne denied _ in the robbery
9 Many reliable methods of storing information tended _ when computers arrived
10 The police warned everybody inside with their windows closed
11 She resented _ to make tea for everyone at the meeting
12 Let's leave early We can't risk _ in heavy traffic during rush hour
13 After their children had grown up, they decided _ to a condominium in the city
14 The new students hope _ in many of the school's social activities
15 Does Dr Johnson mind _ at home if his patients need his help?
VII Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate preposition
1 We are having a big party our twenty-fifth wedding anniversary
2 It's Jane's farewell party _ Friday night
3 He blew _ all 60 candles _ his birthday cake
4 We don't know what to give Dad _ Christmas
5 People usually give cards and gift _ the anniversary couple
6 If you carry spending money like that, you'll end _ in debt
7 We've invited all the neighbors _ our party
8 He bought her a diamond ring their tenth wedding anniversary
9 The whole family showed _ for our anniversary celebration
10 There are some games _ the party Would you join _ enthusiastically?
VIII Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first
1 We expect the gorvernment to propose changes to the taxation system
Changes to the taxation system
2 He couldn't play well in the last match because of his injured knee
His injured knee made
3 You can try to get Jim to lend you his car, but you won't succeed
There's no point
4 Supermarkets started to sell fresh pasta only in 1990s
Fresh pasta
5 He wished he had invited her to his birthday party
He regretted
Trang 66 Mastering a second language takes time and patience
It
7 I prefer having dinner at home to going out for dinner
I'd rather
8 After four years abroad, Mr Brown returned home as an excellent engineer
After Mr Brown
9 It won't be difficult to get a ticket for the game
You won't have any
Driving on the left is strange and difficult for Americans
Americans aren't
I Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets, either to infinitive or gerund active or passive.
1 Mrs Tâm Vy’s husband decided (give up) smoking when she became pregnant.
2 The children were made (go) to bed at 10:00 p.m.
3 The president doesn’t mind (attack) by the press.
4 The parcel is supposed (deliver) this evening
5 I’ll never forget (see) that rainbow.
6 The cost of living is expected (go down)
7 Instead of (worry) about his finance, Tom goes spending a
lot of money gambling
8 Why does John keep (talk) about his mother?
II Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
1 You say that I’ve met Tâm Vy, but I can’t remember her
I can't remember
2 Please remember that you must buy some sugar
Please remember
3 We wanted to open the door, but we couldn’t
We tried
4 Tâm Vy intended to phone me, but she forgot
Tâm Vy forgot
5 It will not be easy to finish all tbe work today
We’ll try
6 People said Dickens died of lung cancer
Dickens was said
7 The tablet computer was too expensive for me to buy
I couldn’t afford
8 Dad regretted that he had sold our house,
Dad regretted
III Complete the following conversation.
A:
B: It’s on August 18th
A:
B: Yes My parents often hold a birthday party for me each year
A:
B I often have my birthday party at home
A:
B: I only invite my relatives and some close friends
A:
B We often eat special food cooked by my mother, drink juices, play games
and dance