Must và mustn’t đều ở dạng hiện tại đơn Nếu động từ được sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính là động từ thường ordinary verb, ở cuối câu hỏi đuôi phải sử dụng động từ TO DO, nhưng phải cùng ng[r]
Trang 1(Câu hỏi đuôi)
Câu hỏi đuôi là thành phần được thêm vào phía sau mệnh đề chính, nó được phân biệt cụ thể với mệnh đề chính bằng một dấu phẩy đứn trước nó, câu hỏi đuôi được xem là yếu tố xác thực, cần thiết để xác nhận ý nghĩa của mệnh đề chính đứng trước nó Cuối câu hỏi đuôi có dấu chấm hỏi
Nếu động từ được sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính ở dạng thức khẳng định, thì động từ được sử dụng trong câu hỏi đuôi phải ở dạng thức phủ định
Eg: - Mr Green is a professor, isn’t he?
Ông Green là một giáo sư, phải không?
- The children may amuse in the yard, may not they?
Trẻ con được phép nô đùa trong sân phải không?
Nếu động từ được sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính ở dạng thức phủ định thì động từ được sử dụng trong câu hỏi đuôi phải ở dạng thức khẳng định
Eg: - Your sister can’t swim across the river, can she?
Chị gái của bạn không thể bơi qua sông, phải không?
- Alice won’t accept your proposal, will she?
Alice sẽ không từ chối lời đề nghị của bạn, phải không?
Nếu động từ được sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính là các động từ đặc biệt (be, have, can, may, must, shall, will, ought to) ở câu hỏi đuôi động từ được sử dụng lại một lần nữa, nhưng phải thích hợp với ngôi và số của đại từ đứng sau nó, đồng thời phải cùng thì (tense) với động từ được dùng trong mệnh đề chính
Eg: - Mr Allen was there for three days, wasn’t she?
Bà Allen đã ở đó ba ngày rồi, phải không?
(Was và wasn’t đều ở dạng quá khứ đơn)
- Nam couldn’t swim last year, could he?
Nam đã không thể đi bơi được hồi năm vừa rồi, phải không?
(Could và couldn’t đều ở dạng quá khứ đơn)
- Lien must stay in bed, mustn’t she?
Liên phải nằm nghỉ, phải không?
(Must và mustn’t đều ở dạng hiện tại đơn)
Nếu động từ được sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính là động từ thường (ordinary verb), ở cuối câu hỏi đuôi phải sử dụng động từ TO
DO, nhưng phải cùng ngôi và số, cùng thì với đại từ đứng sau nó
Eg: - Miss Mai reads a report, dosen’t she?
Cô Mai đọc một bản báo cáo, phải không?
READS là động từ thường ở dạng hiện tại đơn
DOESN’T là dạng phủ định ở hiện tại đơn của động từ READS
- Mr Minh repairs his bycicle, dosen’t he?
Ông Minh sửa chữa chiếc xe đạp của ông ấy, phải không?
REPAIRS là động từ thường, ở dạng hiện tại đơn
DOESN’T là dạng phủ định ở hiện tại của động từ REPAIRS
- Hai sold his motor-cycle last month, didn’t he?
Hải đã bán chiếc xe gắn máy của cậu ấy hồi tháng rồi, phải không?
SOLD là động từ thường ở dạng quá khứ đơn
DIDN’T là dạng thức phủ định ở quá khứ của động từ SOLD
Nếu dùng dạng thức phủ định của động từ DO đi kèm với động từ thường, thì động từ DO được sử dụng lại nhưng ohải bỏ NOT DON’T (= do not) được sử dụng lại là DO
DOESN’T (= does not) được sử dụng lại là DOES
DIDN’T (= did not) được sử dụng lại là DID
Eg: - Hoa doesn’t answer the question, does she?
Hoa không trả lời những câu hỏi, phải không?
- Mr.Hai didn’t drive fast, did he?
Ông Hai đã không lái xe nhanh, phải không?
Trang 2 Chủ ngữ rong mệnh đề chính là danh từ (số ít hoặc số nhiều) hoặc tên gọi (tên một người hoặc tên nhiều người) phải được thay thế bằng ĐẠI TỪ CHỦ NGỮ ở câu hỏi đuôi
Eg: - These stools don’t display in the showroom, do they?
Những dụng cụ này đã không được trưng bày ở phòng giới thiều sản phẩm phải không?
These stools được thay thế bằng đại từ they.
- Mrs Baker has worked in a bank for ten years, hasn’t she?
Bà Baker đã làm việc ở ngân hàng được 10 năm rồi phải không?
Mrs Baker đã được thay thế bằng đại từ she.
- Hai, Ba and Tu aren’t university students, are they?
Hai, Ba và Tư không phải là sinh viên đại học, phải không?
Hai, Ba and Tu được thay thế bằng đại từ they.
- This chair didn’t use in the room, didn’t it?
Cái ghế này đã không sử dụng được trong phòng, phải không?
This chair đã được thay thế bằng đại từ it.
Chủ ngữ trong đại từ chính là ĐẠI TỪ NHÂN XƯNG (personal pronouns) sẽ được dung lại lần nữa ở câu hỏi đuôi
Eg: - It isn’t cold today, is it?
Hôm nay, trời không lạnh, phải không?
- He can’t explain thế expressions, can he?
Cậu ta không thể giải thích được những thành ngữ này, phải không?
Nếu động từ BE được sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính đi kèm với ngôi thứ nhất số ít là I ở thì hiện tại đơn, ở câu hỏi đuôi phải dùng
với AREN’T
Eg: I am an architect, aren’t I?
Tôi là kiến trúc sư phải không?
Nếu động từ HAVE được xem là động từ thường theo cách dùng của người Mỹ, ở câu hỏi đuôi phải sử dụng động từ DO
Eg: - Nam had a letter from his family this morning, didn’t he?
Sáng nay Nam đã nhận được thư của gia đình, phải không?
- Lan doesn’t have any medal at the competition, does she?
Lan đã không dành được huy chương nào ở cuộc thi đấu, phải không?
Nếu sử dụng động từ HAVE TO trong mệnh đề chính thì phải sử dụng động từ DO ở câu hỏi đuôi Có thể sử dụng động từ DO ngay trong mệnh đề chính nếu ở dạng thức phủ định
Eg: - He doesn’t have to wait for a long time, does he?
Ông ấy không phải chờ đợi lâu, phải không?
- Today, Mai has to go to the school early, doesn’t she?
Hôm nay Mai phải đến trường sớm, phải không?
Nếu động từ kép được sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính, thì chỉ có trợ động từ được sử dụng lại trong câu hỏi đuôi
Động từ kép = trợ động từ BE hoặc HAVE + PP
Eg: - Clean water is use ịn a big city, isn’t it?
Nước sạch được sử dụng ở các thành phố lớn, phải không?
- They have talked with her, haven’t they?
H đã trò chuy n v i cô y, ph i không? ọ ệ ớ ấ ả
THERE có thể được dùng làm chủ ngữ trong câu hỏi đuôi
Eg: - There is something wrong, isn’t there?
Có điều gì đó không ổn phải không?
- There won’t be any trouble, will there?
S không có b t kì tr ng i nào, ph i không? ẽ ấ ở ạ ả
Nothing, Nobody được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, ở câu hỏi đuôi động từ sẽ phải ở dạng thức khẳng định (vì
Nothing, Nobody có nghĩa phủ định)
Trong câu hỏi đuôi, Nothing được thay thế bằng It
Trong câu hỏi đuôi, Nobody được thay thế bằng They
Eg: - Nothing can stop us now, can’t it
Hiện giờ không có điều gì có thể ngăn cản được chúng ta, phải không?
- Nobody phone when I was out, did they?
Không có bất cứ ai gọi điện cho tôi trong lúc tôi đi vắng, phải không?
Trang 3 Somebody, someone, everybody và everyone được thay thế bằng they trong câu hỏi đuôi Động từ sử dụng trong câu hỏi đuôi phải ở
dạng phủ định
Eg: Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they
Hôm qua có ai đó đã mượn chiếc áo khoác của tôi, phải không?
This/ that được thay thế bằng it trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Eg: This is the last bus, isn’t it?
Đây là chuyến xe buýt cuối cùng, phải không?
People/ everyone/ no one được thay thế bằng they trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Nothing/ neither of them được thay thế bằng it trong câu hỏi đuôi.
There được giữ nguyên trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Bất kì động từ nào ở câu hỏi đuôi đều có chung một nghĩa: phải không Tất cả những động từ ở dạng khẳng định hay khẳng định khi
ở vào vị trí câu hỏi đuôi đều không được sử dụng theo nghĩa riêng của động từ nữa.
EXERCISES
Put the question tag on the end of these sentences.
1 You have heard about that,…
2 Nam did the work well,…
3 He didn’t have to speak to me,…
4 He won’t fall down,…
5 You wouldn’t like the windown open,…
6 She use to beat his wife,…
7 She came very late,…
8 Come and see me tomorrow,…
9 That’s the sort of thing you would do,…
10.I’d better go,…
11.There is an examination tomorrow,…
12.She’s been studying English for two years,…
13.You can’t play tennis today,…
14.It is surely sunny today,…
15.Beverly will be attending the university in September,…
16.I’m never called “Scholar”,…
17.No one has come here,…
18.Everybody can learn how to swim,…
19.Hia family often have tea for breakfast,…
20.She never works on Sundays,…
21.You can speak English,…
22.He shouldn’t smoke,…
23.That job is hardly suitable for her,…
24.They were there,…
25.They arrived yesterday,…
26.She doesn’t want to go,…
27.He will come,…
28.Your father is a teacher, …
29.There are more countries north of the equator than south of it,…
30.You have never been in Italy,…
31.You have a ticket to the game,…
32.You don’t know of any vacant apartments, …
33.He doesn’t need a furnished apartment,…
34.But I guess he can always rent some,…
35.The movers aren’t packing the books for us,…
36.You have lived in Hollyood for many years,…
37.You didn’t know anyone here at first,…
38.Sally turn in her report,…
39.That’s Bob’s,…
Trang 440.No one died in the accident,…
41.You’re working on another screenplay now,…
42.Speaking of kids, you have some of your own, …
43.That depends on what you mean by a long time,…
44.We should call Rita,…
45.I’m supposed to be here,…
46.Nothing wrong,…
47.You are still wanted by the police,…
48.We went to Stan’s holiday party last year,…
49.Tom and Fred hadn’t been to Florida before then,…
50.I’m asually right about the weather,…
51.Nobody called on the phone,…
52.Everything are OK,…
53.Everyone took the test,…
54.There are a lot of people here,…
55.They had to go home,…
56.The little children were let go away,…
57.Mary realy goes out on Sundays,…
58.There is something wrong with the new car,…
59.That is true story,…
60.The qualiyof these recordings is not very good,…
61.Let’s go to the cinema tonight,…
62.This book isn’t very interesting,…
63.Tom has never written to you,…
64.Mr Brown needs to leave right now,…
65.Everything is all right now,…
66.Listen to what I am staying,…
67.Fruit juices and milk are healthyful drinks,…
68.Tom had great difficulty finding a jobs,…
69.The police come to the side of the accident,…
70.Ba complained about the noise,…
ANSWER KEY
1 …haven’t you? 2 …didn’t he? 3 … did he? 4 … will he? 5 … would you?
6 … didn’t he? 7 … didn’t she? 8 … will you? 9 … isn’t it? 10 … hadn’t I?
11 … isn’t there? 12 … hasn’t she? 13 … can you? 14 … isn’t it? 15 … won’t he?
16 … aren’t I? 17 …has they? 18 … can’t they? 19 … don’t they? 20 … does she?
21 … can’t you? 22 … should he? 23 … is it? 24 … weren’t they? 25 … didn’t they?
26 … does she? 27 … won’t he? 28 … isn’t he? 29 … aren’t there? 30 … have you?
31 … don’t you? 32 … do you? 33 … does he? 34 … can’t he? 35 … are they?
36 … haven’t you? 37 … did you? 38 … didn’t she? 39 … isn’t it? 40 … did they?
41 … aren’t you? 42 … don’t you? 43 … doesn’t it? 44 … shouldn’t we? 45 … aren’t I?
46 … is it? 47 … aren’t you? 48 … didn’t we? 49 … had they? 50 … am I not?
51 … did they? 52 … isn’t it? 53 … didn’t they? 54 … aren’t there? 55 … didn’t they?
56 … weren’t they? 57 … does she? 58 … isn’t there? 59 … isn’t it? 60 … isn’t it?
61 … shall we? 62 … is it? 63 … hasn’t he? 64 … doesn’t he? 65 … isn’t it?
66 … will you? 67 … aren’t drink? 68 … didn’t he? 69 … don’t they? 70 … didn’t he?
- THE END
-Dạng 1: Đổi các câu sau sang thể bị động
1) A group of students have met their friend at the railway station
2) They didn't allow Tom to take these books home
Trang 53) The teacher won't correct exercises tomorrow.
4) How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
5) This well-known library attracts many people
6) All students attended the meeting
7) People say that he is intelligent
8) He can't repair my bike
9) Mary has operated Tom since 10 o'clock
10) This is the second time they have written to us about this
11) Mr Smith has taught us French for 2 years
12) They didn't look after the children properly
13) Nobody swept this street last week
14) People drink a great deal of tea in England
15) People speak English all over the world
16) Tom was writing 2 poems
17) She often takes her dog for a walk
18) How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
19) She didn't introduce me to her mother
20) Someone had invented electric lights before I was born
21) Farmers usually milk cows twice a day
22) He likes people to call him "sir"
23) People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars
24) Our teacher used to bid us talk in class
25) Don't let other see you
26) Workers were digging a large hole in the ground
27) Before they took exams they had revised their lesson
28) They car knocked a woman down in the street
29) When he came home his father was reading a newspaper
30) Cows were eating grass on the meadow
I/ Pronunciation:
Choose the word which is pronounced differently from the other
1 a teacher b scholarship c chair d chess
3 a smart b cart c carry d start
4 a burn b bury c curly d turn
5 a about b south c count d young
II/ Find the one choice that best completes the sentence.
A/ Vocabulary:
6 After two hours traveling by bus, we Vung Tau
Trang 6a came b got c reached d went
7 While going on her summer vacation, Liz took a lot of to show the trip to her friends
a pictures b things c signs d photos
8 They usually go for a walk in the park early in the morning to enjoy the air there
a fresh b salty c windy d strong
9 After an hour’s walking, every one felt tired and hungry, so they stopped and had a
10 We hired a cano and went in the river
a working b playing c boating d climbing
11 They put up the tent and had a on the river bank
12 Many people go to amusement parks on weekends to after a had working week
13 He invited me his family on a trip to Nha Trang
a to join b to come c to get d to take
14 Look at the big old tree at the to the village It’s a banyan tree
15 We started to walk to the village The to the village was tiring but very interesting
16 We also walked up the mountain to visit the of a Vietnamese hero
B/ Grammar & Structures:
17 They see each other lunchtime and night only
a in/ in b on/ on c at/ at d in/ at
18 I was tired that I fell asleep while watching TV
19 John is kind boy that everyone likes him
20 They have known each other they were at high school
21 I wish I play the piano as well as my close friend
a could/ play b can/ plays c could/ plays d can play
22 What do you think our children when we get home?
a do b would do c are doing d were doing
23 I wish I to my parents Now it’s too late
a listen b would listen c have listenedd had listened
24 Remember the meeting will be Tuesday, 9 am and 11am
a on/ at b on/ from c on / between d at/ at
25 The sun when we started our trip to the village
a shines b shone c was shining d had shone
26 Jack knows his lesson well because he it
a studies b studied c has studied d had studied
27 If only he me the truth, I didn’t treat her badly
28 It’s time you to study harder to pass the final exam
a to try b tried c try d will try
29 It was that we went for a walk in the mountain
a so nice day b such nice day c so a nice day d such a nice day
30 Hurry up! It’s time we for home
31 We plan to go fishing tomorrow We hope the weather fine
32 Did she to the same school with you?
Trang 7- Yes, but we were not in the same class.
a used to go b used to going c use to go d use going
33 I sometimes dream having enough time and money to have a long holiday
34 Computers are wonderful recent achievements out time
35 Since I , I’ve made a lot of friends in the new school
a come b came c coming d had come
36 After the gas explosion, cars and trucks were stopped and
a kept b searched c fined d watched
37 It’s high time we our house It looks so old
a repaint b to repaint c repainting d repainted
38 My uncle is a heavy smoker He gets a lot
a used to smoke b used to smoking c use to smoke d use to smoking
39 Be careful! The floor
a has just been polished b just has been polished
c has just polished d just polished
40 He hopes that he a pop singer in the future
III/ Identifying mistake:
Choose the underlined words or phrases that are not correct in standard written English
41 Jones tried to use chopsticks but he can’t He isn’t used to use them
42 He is one of the most boring people I ever meet He never says anything interesting
43 Ann is going to America next month She hasn’t never been there before
44 I wasn’t able to understand French so I didn’t know what he said If only he spoke English A
45 She is a foreigner because she needs a visa to stay in this country
46 Tom is good at math He is fond of attend a higher mathematics course
47 After living in England for a year, Long finally gets used to drive on the left
48 Summer is coming We are looking forward to spend our free time relaxing in the sun
49 I wish I didn’t tell him the truth He looks so worried now
50 It’s really cold and miserable here in the winter I hope we would live in a warmer
place next year
IV/ Reading comprehension:
Read the following passage and choose the best answers
Lucky survivors
A couple from Miami, Bill and Simon Butler, 51 sixty-six days in a life-raft in the sea of central America after their yacht sank They survived in very good 52
Twenty-one days after they left Panama in their yacht, they met some whales “ They started to hit the side of the boat”, said Bill, “and then 53 we heard water.”
Two minutes 54 , the yacht was sinking They jumped into the life-raft and watched the boat go 55 the water For twenty days they had 56 of food, biscuits, and bottle of water They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water, two things which 57 their lives They caught eight to ten fish a day and ate them raw Then the line broke
Trang 8“ So we had no more fish 58 something very strange happened Some sharks came to feed and the fish under the raft were afraid and came to the surface I caught them with my hands.”
About twenty ships 59 them, but no one saw them After fifty days at sea their life-raft was beginning to break up Then suddenly it was all over A fishing brat saw them and 60 them 60 Their two months at sea was over
51 a took up b went c spent d occupied
52 a condition b way c manner d state
53 a occasionally b suddenly c quickly d clearly
54 a later b after c soon d passing
56 a containers b tins c boxes d packages
57 a rescued b helped c maintained d saved
59 a went round b moved near c traveled d passed
60 a took/ on b pull/ on c picked/ up d moved/ up
I/ Pronunciation:
Choose the word which is pronounced differently from the other
2 a stupid b studio c study d student
3 a brother b thick c they d that
5 a houses b faces c horses d places
II/ Find the one choice that best completes the sentence
A/ Vocabulary:
6 To reach the village we have to cross a small bamboo
a bush b shrub c forest d forestry
7 There are some cottages at the of the mountain It is very peaceful there
8 Nam, a student from Ho Chi Minh city, is student in the USA
a a change b an exchange c to change d to exchange
9 He is now living with the Brown family on a outside Columbus, Ohio
a river b farm c field d site
10 Mr Brown does farming work, while Mrs Brown works at a grocery store in a town
11 Everyday when Nam finishes his homework, he the chickens
a foods b nurses c feeds d gets food
12 After that, he the chicken’s eggs
a picks b takes c has d collects
13 On weekends, if Mr Brown is , Nam and his sons help him on the farm
a busy b free c available d occupying
14 The family usually on Saturday afternoon They don’t work
a be free b not work c relaxes d enjoys
15 Nam likes the Brown because they are very
16 The Browns are so nice that he enjoys being a of their family
B/ Grammar & Structures:
17 It was expensive car that he couldn’t afford to buy it
Trang 9a so b very c such a d such an
18 I didn’t have time to study I failed the exam
19 They first met they were at high school
a since b when c while d for
20 I find this math problem difficult If only brother here to help me
21 I would rather you the problem by yourself
a solve b solving c to solve d solved
22 I know Jane I first met her Christmas 1990
a in/ in b at/ in c at/ at d on/ in
23 Mr Brown is a farmer He’s used to farming work
24 He was lazy he was dismissed Now he’s out of work
25 The play was disappointing it was badly acted and too long
26 I wish I wings like birds so that I fly from place to place
a have/ can b had/ can c have/ could d had/ could
27 I wish I to the movies with you last night
28 Father is repairing the roof the rain won’t come in
29 The house was quiet when I home Everybody to bed
a got / had gone b get/ had gone c got/ when d was getting/ went
30 When we to the Town Hall, people calmly
a got/ are waiting b got/ were waiting c got/ waited d get/ wait
31 It’s time we this old car and bought a new one
32 Excuse me, but you in my place
a sit b sat c were sitting d are sitting
33 Tom was ill his mother sent for a doctor
34 We the exercises in our classroom when the fire alarm
a are doing/ rang b were doing/ rang c were doing/ ring d were doing/ was ringing
35 She wishes she .him the bad news yesterday
a didn’t tell b doesn’t tell c hadn’t told d wouldn’t tell
36 It’s time you up smoking because you are in bath health
a give b gave c has given d would give
37 .hearing those air planes over your house everyday
a Are you use to b Are you used for
c Are you accustom to d Are you accustomed to
38 American women nowadays being independent
a are used to b aren’t used to c used to d not use to
39 If only I for that job, I might be a typist now
a apply b applied c had applied d have applied
40 They arrive Tan Son Nhat Airport 3 o’clock in the afternoon
a at/ at b in / in c in/ at d at / in
III/ Identifying mistakes:
Choose the underlined words or phrases that are not correct in standard written English
41 The fruit was so rotten that it had to throw away
Trang 1042 Mrs Brown used to jogging during the summer months but now it often rains so she stops jogging A B
43 The film we saw last night was so bad that we wish we didn’t go to see it
44 The doctors know that it would be difficult to save the life of the patient but they’ll do their best A
45 I’ll go to the school to collect the children They are used to be picked up after school everyday A
46 My father wishes that he doesn’t have to retire at the age of sixty
47 I hate Mondays! If only I don’t have to go to school on Mondays
A B C D
48 I wish I can earn more money and work less time But, of course I can’t
49 I don’t believe it It’s three in the morning and the party still doesn’t finish
50 The world’s first computer built at the university of Pennsylvania in 1946
EXERCISES PASSIVE VOICE
I/ Change the following sentences from active into passive form.
1 Somebody has taken my briefcase
2 The teacher returned our written work to us
3 She had finished her report by soon
4 The mad dog bit the little boy
5 The police have arrested five suspects
6 The doctor ordered him to take a long rest
7 lightening struck the house
8 A group of students have met their friends at the rail way station
9 They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home
10 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow
11 Marry has operated Tom since 10 o’clock
12 This is the second time they have written to us about this
13 Mr Smith has taught us French for two year
14 They didn’t look after the children properly
15 Nobody swept this street last week
16 People drink a great deal of tea in England
17 People speak English all over the world
18 Tom was writing two poems
19 She often takes her dog for a walk
20 They can’t make tea with cold water
21 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan
22 Somebody has taken some of my book away
23 They will hold the meeting before the May Day
24 They have to repair the engine of the car
25 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures
26 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday
27 They may use this room for the classroom
28 The teacher is going to tell a story
29 Marry is cutting the cake with a sharp knife
30 The children looked at the women with a red hat
31 She used to pull my hat over my eyes
32 For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand
33 A pair of Robins has built a nest in the porch since last week