Table of Contents Cisco Certified Design Associate Self-Study Course The Audience for This Class This class is for you if: You are a systems engineer or network designer. ● You have working knowledge of internetworking and Cisco products.● You want to become a Cisco Certified Design Associate (CCDA).● If you lack experience with internetworking technologies and Cisco products, you should review the interactive, self-paced Cisco Connection Training CD-ROM before starting this course. The Cisco Connection Training CD-ROM is included in your student kit. CCDA Sylvan Exam When you complete this course, you may choose to become certified and complete the CCDA exam through your local Sylvan testing center. The CCDA Sylvan administered examination will verify that you have met the objectives for this course. Time and Resources Required to Complete This Class This class will take you about 24 to 40 hours to complete, depending on your networking background and experience. Components of the course will require you to read information on Cisco's Web site or other sites on the World Wide Web. Make sure you have an Internet connection before starting this course. Objectives for This Course Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Design a network that meets a customer's requirements for performance, security, capacity, and scalability. ● Assemble Cisco product lines into an end-to-end networking solution.● homeCCDS- An IntroductionModule 1 - Section 1Module 1 - Section werModule 1 - Section 2 b- AnswerModule 1 - Section 2c - Answer http://wonderinfo.net/certroom/Cisco/DCN_ebook/home/home.htm (1 of 3) [4/18/2000 1:49:50 AM] Prerequisites for This Course Before beginning this course, you should be familiar with all of the internetworking technologies described on the Cisco Connection Training CD. Specifically, you should be able to complete the following tasks before beginning this course: Define networking technology terms, such as LAN, WAN, bridging, switching, protocols, and network management. ● Explain the operation and implementation of source-route bridging, transparent bridging, and mixed-media bridging. ● Describe the purpose and operation of routed protocols including Internet protocols, Novell IPX and SAP, AppleTalk, IBM SNA, DECnet, Open Systems Interconnection, Banyan VINES, and Xerox Network Systems. ● Describe the purpose and operation of routing protocols including RIP, OSPF, IGRP, Enhanced IGRP, BGP, IP multicast, RSVP, NLSP, IBM routing, DECnet routing, and OSI routing. ● List the technologies required by each networking devices and by each link, and across the network, given a simple network diagram or technical scenario. ● Given a technical scenario, a simple network diagram, and a list of networking technologies, identify how the listed networking technologies provide the services required by the network. ● Case Studies This course is built around the following four case study. CareTaker Publications, a publishing company ● PH Network Services Corporation, a health care company● Pretty Paper Ltd., a European wall covering company● Jones, Jones, & Jones, an international law firm● Each case study demonstrates different aspects of network design for small- to medium-sized businesses. The CCDA Sylvan examination for this course will present similar case studies and solutions. For each case study, you will: Analyze the existing network. ● Determine the customer's requirements.● Answer questions to help you design internetworking solutions.● The questions are designed to help you evaluate if you have mastered each section and are ready to move on to the next. After you answer the questions for each case study, view our answers to see how your solution compares. Although there is no single correct answer to internetwork design or to the case studies in this course, our internetworking experts have made recommendations and explained how they made their decision. Before starting this course, obtain a binder where you can store information related to each case study in the course. As you progress through the course you will be required to draw topology diagrams for each case study. The topology diagrams will be referenced over and over again as you progress through the modules. homeCCDS- An IntroductionModule 1 - Section 1Module 1 - Section werModule 1 - Section 2 b- AnswerModule 1 - Section 2c - Answer http://wonderinfo.net/certroom/Cisco/DCN_ebook/home/home.htm (2 of 3) [4/18/2000 1:49:50 AM] Class Modules Introduction - A Small- to Medium-Sized Business Solutions Framework Upon completion of this section, you will be able to describe a framework you can use to easily analyze customer network problems and create Cisco scalable solutions. Module 1 - Identify Customer Needs Upon completion of this module, you will be able to determine a customer's requirements for network performance, security, capacity, and scalability. Module 2 - Design the Network Structure Upon completion of this module, you will be able to design a network structure that meets customer requirements for performance, security, capacity, and scalability, given a specified topology and internetworking constraints. Module 3 - Build a Prototype or Pilot for the Network Structure Upon completion of this module, you will be able to identify how to build a prototype that proves that a network structure meets the customer's requirements for performance, security, capacity, and scalability. Module 4 - Sample CCDA Sylvan Exam Upon completion of this course, take the sample CCDA Sylvan examination. Copyright Cisco Systems, Inc. Version 2.0 7/98 homeCCDS- An IntroductionModule 1 - Section 1Module 1 - Section werModule 1 - Section 2 b- AnswerModule 1 - Section 2c - Answer http://wonderinfo.net/certroom/Cisco/DCN_ebook/home/home.htm (3 of 3) [4/18/2000 1:49:50 AM] Table of Contents Table of Contents Cisco Certified Design Associate Self-Study Course Introduction - A Small- to Medium-Sized Solutions Framework Module 1 - Identify Customer Needs Characterize the Existing Network● Extract New Customer Requirements● Module 2 - Design the Network Structure Design the Topology● Provision Hardware and Media for the LAN● Provision Hardware and Media for the WAN● Design a Network-Layer Addressing and Naming Model● Select Routing and Bridging Protocols● Provision Software Features● Select a Network Management Strategy● Write a Design Document● Module 3 - Build a Prototype or Pilot the Network Design Build a Prototype or Pilot the Network Design● Test the Prototype or Pilot the Network Design● Module 4 - Sample CCDA Sylvan Exam Copyright Cisco Systems, Inc. Version 2.0 1/97 Designing Scalable Networks - Table of Contents http://wonderinfo.net/certroom/Cisco/DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign/toc.htm [4/18/2000 1:49:58 AM] Table of Contents Introduction - A Small- to Medium-Sized Business Solutions Framework Section Objectives Upon completion of this introduction, you will be able to describe a framework you can use to simplify the complexities associated with analyzing customer network problems and creating Cisco scalable solutions. Time Required to Complete This Section Approximately 30 minutes Media/Resources Required to Complete This Section This section consists of one short reading assignment. You will need the following resources: Access to Cisco's Web site or the World Wide Web ● A downloaded or printed copy of this section● Paper and pencil● Reading Assignment Role of the Cisco Certified Design Associate Your role as a Cisco Certified Design Associate is to be a network design consultant. You will act like an architect, building comprehensive designs that solve your customer's internetworking problems and provide the required functionality, performance, and scalability. In the same way that an architect designs a building or house for a client, you will develop blueprints for an overall internetwork design, as well as components plans for various pieces of the internetwork. CiscoFusion Cisco has developed an integrated network architecture, called CiscoFusion. With the CiscoFusion architecture, multiple networking technologies, operating at different networking layers, can provide the right capabilities to handle different networking issues. Many of your customers may already be aware of the recent internetworking trend toward an integrated view of networking technologies. As a Cisco Certified Design Associate, you will be CCDS- An Introduction http://wonderinfo.net/certroom/Cisco/DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign/design.htm (1 of 5) [4/18/2000 1:50:19 AM] uniquely positioned to produce network designs, based on CiscoFusion, that meet the needs of state-of-the-art networks that integrate Layer 2, Layer 3, and ATM services. For example, the intelligent networking services associated with Layer 3 can be combined with the cost-effective, high-capacity services provided by Layer 2 in both LANs and WANs. Evolution of Layer 2 and Layer 3 Services Layer 2, also known as the data link layer, operates within a specific LAN or WAN segment. In the last two years, LANs have been revolutionized by the exploding use of switching at Layer 2. Companies are replacing hubs with switches at a quick pace. LAN switches provide performance enhancements for new and existing data networking applications by increasing bandwidth and throughput for workgroups and local servers. Layer 3, also known as the network layer, operates between and across segments. Protocols such as Internet Protocol (IP), Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), and AppleTalk's Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP) operate at Layer 3. In the wide area, Layer 3 networking allows businesses to build global data networks. As an example, the global Internet is based on Layer 3 technology. Layer 3 networking, implemented with routing, interconnects the switched workgroups and provides services such as security, quality-of-service (QoS) options, and traffic management. Routing provides the control needed to build functional, scalable networks. Traditionally, Layer 2 switching has been provided by LAN switches, and Layer 3 networking has been provided by routers. Increasingly, these two networking functions are integrated into common platforms. There will still be a wide range of platforms providing different performance and capacity ranges for each networking function, but users will gain fundamental benefits from integration of the layers. Users will be able to reduce the number of networking devices that need to be purchased, installed, supported, and serviced. In addition, users will be able to efficiently apply Layer 3 services, such as security and QoS capabilities, to specific individual users and applications. Mirroring the integration of Layer 3 networking technology into LAN switching devices, WAN switching equipment likely will increasingly incorporate Layer 3 networking capabilities. As traditional Layer 3 routers gain support for higher capacity and bandwidth, the integration of Layer 2 technologies will enable routers to achieve optimum levels of performance, port density, and cost effectiveness. The following diagram shows how Layer 2 and Layer 3 switching can be used to facilitate communications between Client X and Server Y, with or without routing. CCDS- An Introduction http://wonderinfo.net/certroom/Cisco/DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign/design.htm (2 of 5) [4/18/2000 1:50:19 AM] When Do You Use Layer 2 or Layer 3 Functionality? The decision to use Layer 2 or Layer 3 functionality in a network design depends on what problems you are trying to solve for your customer. These problems can be any of the following: Media problems ● Protocol problems● The need to transport large payloads Media Problems Media problems occur when too many devices contend for access to a LAN segment, causing an excessive number of collisions on Ethernet networks and long waits for the token on Token Ring or FDDI networks. The level of contention can be estimated by examining network utilization and, in the case of Ethernet, the collision rate. Media contention problems are obvious from complaints from users about slow response time and difficulties accessing services. Protocol Problems Problems are caused by protocols that do not scale well. For example, some protocols send too many broadcasts. The number of broadcasts becomes excessive when there are too many clients looking for services, too many servers announcing services, and too many bridge protocol data unit (BPDU) frames. Protocol problems occur when customers try to use protocols that were designed for small workgroups that do not scale with the business. Protocol problems can result from: Network-layer addressing issues including running out of addresses ❍ The requirement to use variable-length subnet masks❍ The need for physically discontiguous subnets❍ The need for a private address space❍ Need to Transport Large Payloads The need to transport large payloads, such as multicast video, can require much more bandwidth than is available on a customer's network or backbone. Multicast video will need more bandwidth than standard data. Multicast video may also require support for low and predictable latency. ● A Small- to Medium-Sized Business Solutions Framework To help reduce the complexity associated with identifying and analyzing customer problems, and designing solutions, Cisco has developed a basic framework into which most customer problems fit. The small- to medium-sized business solutions framework is represented as a triangle, as shown as follows: CCDS- An Introduction http://wonderinfo.net/certroom/Cisco/DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign/design.htm (3 of 5) [4/18/2000 1:50:19 AM] Use the following simple rules when designing solutions to customer problems: If the problems involve media contention, use LAN switching. ● If the problems are protocol related, for example, excessive number of broadcasts, use routing.● If the customer needs to transport payloads that require high bandwidth, use Fast Ethernet switching. In large networks where high bandwidth and predictable low latency are required, consider ATM. ● Job Aids Throughout this course, you will find job aids such as procedures, charts, and checklists. The job aids will help you design scalable solutions that maximize your customer's satisfaction. Review the job aids quickly, keeping an eye open for procedures, charts, and checklists that will help you do your work. The job aids: Provide steps for designing internetworks. ● Document scalability constraints that affect internetwork designs.● Steps for Designing Scalable Networks This course teaches you the steps for designing networks. Each module and section includes reading assignments, job aids, and exercises or case studies. After you review the following module descriptions, proceed with the course by clicking on the "Module 1 - Identify Customer Needs" link. Module 1: Identify Customer Needs In Module 1, you will learn how to identify customer needs. While completing the reading assignments and exercises, keep in mind the Small- to Medium-Sized Business Solutions Framework to help you understand typical customer problems. Upon completion of this CCDS- An Introduction http://wonderinfo.net/certroom/Cisco/DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign/design.htm (4 of 5) [4/18/2000 1:50:19 AM] module, you will be able to determine if the needs are related to media, protocols, or bandwidth. Click on the following links to get started: Module 1 - Identify Customer Needs Characterize the Existing Network■ Extract New Customer Requirements■ Module 2: Design the Network Structure In Module 2, you will learn how to provision hardware devices and software (Cisco IOS TM ) features. An understanding of the problems you are trying to solve will help you simplify the task of designing end-to-end solutions for your customer. Module 2 - Design the Network Structure Design the Topology■ Provision Hardware and Media for the LAN■ Provision Hardware and Media for the WAN■ Design a Network-Layer Addressing and Naming Model■ Select Routing and Bridging Protocols■ Provision Software Features■ Select a Network Management Strategy■ Write a Design Document■ Module 3: Build a Prototype or Pilot for the Network Structure In Module 3, you will learn to build a test case to verify your network design. With some knowledge of the different types of customer problems, you will know how to test for collisions, broadcasts, and bandwidth. Module 3 - Build a Prototype or Pilot for the Network Structure Build a Prototype or Pilot■ Test the Prototype or Pilot■ Module 4: Sample CCDA Sylvan Exam In Module 4, you can practice for the CCDA Sylvan exam. Module 4 - Sample CCDA Sylvan Exam Copyright Cisco Systems, Inc. Version 2.0 7/98 CCDS- An Introduction http://wonderinfo.net/certroom/Cisco/DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign/design.htm (5 of 5) [4/18/2000 1:50:19 AM] Table of Contents Module 1 - Identify Customer Needs Module Objectives Upon completion of this module, when given a case study, you will be able to determine the customer's requirements for network performance, security, capacity, and scalability. Section 1 - Characterize the Existing Network Section 2 - Extract New Customer Requirements Copyright Cisco Systems, Inc. Version 2.0 7/98 Module 1 http://wonderinfo.net/certroom/Cisco/DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign/design1.htm [4/18/2000 1:50:22 AM] [...]... new internetwork design? Who will help you design the internetwork? Will the new design cause changes in job functions or possibly eliminate jobs? Policies and Politics: Past successes and failures may help you determine problem areas for your internetwork design Ask the following questions: s s Has a new design been tried before and failed? Who owned that design? Are there people on the project who... analyzers, such as the Sniffer network analyzer, include artificial intelligence expert capabilities to simplify and enhance performance management The Scion software package was developed by Merit Network, Inc as a freeware, turnkey Internet service provider (ISP) network statistics package It uses SNMP to collect network http://wonderinfo.net/certroom /Cisco/ DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign /design1 1.htm (3 of 24)... Host A Host B Host C Host D http://wonderinfo.net/certroom /Cisco/ DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign /design1 1.htm (9 of 24) [4/18/2000 1:50:53 AM] Host D Module 1 - Section 1 Step 8: Characterize the Existing Network Reliability Gather statistics about each major network segment using a monitoring tool such as a protocol analyzer, network monitor, or network management tool If possible, monitor each segment for... Average Network Utilization Peak Network Utilization Average Frame Size CRC Error Rate MAC-layer Error Rate Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 http://wonderinfo.net/certroom /Cisco/ DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign /design1 1.htm (10 of 24) [4/18/2000 1:50:53 AM] Broadcasts/ Multicasts Rate Module 1 - Section 1 Segment 5 Step 9: Characterize Network Utilization Configure the monitoring tool to output an average network. .. the description of the network at PH Network, answer the following questions Use the information contained in this section to help you characterize the network at PH Network 1 What are the customer's current applications? 2 Document the customer's business constraints 3 Document any concerns you have about this scenario http://wonderinfo.net/certroom /Cisco/ DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign /design1 1.htm (19 of 24)... our internetworking experts Resources Required to Complete This Section To complete this section, you will need: q Access to Cisco' s Web site and the World Wide Web q A downloaded, printed copy of this section q Paper and pencil http://wonderinfo.net/certroom /Cisco/ DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign /design1 1.htm (1 of 24) [4/18/2000 1:50:52 AM] Module 1 - Section 1 Reading Assignment Characterizing the Network. .. the Customer's Current Network Network Topology On a separate piece of paper or in another application, draw a network topology map (or obtain a drawing from the customer) Include the type and speed of each major segment or link Include the names and addresses of major internetworking devices and servers Addressing Schemes Document addressing schemes used in the current network design Current addressing... Analyzer to Determine Local Traffic To identify potential network bottlenecks, obtain a protocol analyzer and determine how much of the network traffic on each major network segment is NOT local Specify how much of the traffic travels to different network segments, how much comes from different network segments, and how much just passes through this network segment Characterizing Traffic That Is NOT Local... Downtime Downtime Downtime Internetwork http://wonderinfo.net/certroom /Cisco/ DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign /design1 1.htm (8 of 24) [4/18/2000 1:50:53 AM] Module 1 - Section 1 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Step 7: Characterize the Network Performance In the following table, document the results of any response time/performance measurements that you completed for each host on the network: Host A Host B Host C... uses it r Network Traffic and Access: Determine how much network traffic flows from one network segment to another Determine whether data outside the company, such as the Internet, is accessed r Network Performance Characteristics: Make sure you understand the performance characteristics of the existing network Document any problems, especially if they will still exist even after your new design is . internetwork. CiscoFusion Cisco has developed an integrated network architecture, called CiscoFusion. With the CiscoFusion architecture, multiple networking. Introduction http://wonderinfo.net/certroom /Cisco/ DCN_ebook/data/nwdesign /design. htm (1 of 5) [4/18/2000 1:50:19 AM] uniquely positioned to produce network designs, based on CiscoFusion,