Tài liệu KRONE - Guide - How Krone resolve the Bottleneck problem doc

The KRONE Broadband Family To enable KRONE globally to meet the challenge of these new applications and to assist carriers in " opening the last/first mile bottleneck" , KRONE Australia

KRONE facts

How KRONE Can "Open the

Bottleneck"

KRONE BROADBAND

As the Internet market continues to explode, the

demand for high-speed bandwidth is growing at a

fast pace, driven mostly by growth in data volumes

as the Internet and related networks become more

central to business operations

Drivers

The rapid growth of distributed business

applications, the proliferation of private networks,

e-commerce, and bandwidth intensive applications

(such as multimedia, videoconferencing and video

on demand-VOD); as well as the continuing

deregulation and privatisation of telecommunications

networks throughout the world, all help fuel the

demand for this bandwidth

Broadband Access

Broadband access is one of the most crucial pieces

of next-generation networks and although carriers

are under tremendous pressure to keep costs down,

in order to meet future needs, strategic investments

are required to build and deploy next generation

backbones

Service providers are utilising various technologies

and streaming techniques to move content closer

and closer to the edge of the network These

next-generation networks ensure massive core capacity

but the challenge now is the delivery of broadband

over the last or first mile (local loop bottleneck) to the customer

" Connectivity choices made today can influence tomorrow's broadband networks"

The above statement is directly related to the service providers profitability and as such is vitally important to them The utilisation of the new KRONE Broadband modules will enable the following:

1 Carriers with legacy networks to upgrade to broadband delivery capability and more importantly, for these incumbents to RETAIN customers i.e reduce churn

2 Service providers and CLECs to implement the latest broadband technologies

Competing Technologies

There are currently a number of competing technologies such as xDSL, cable modems, broadband satellite, broadband fixed wireless etc however the most promising technology capable of delivering full service is Very-High-Data-Rate DSL (VDSL) VDSL is both symmetric and asymmetric and provides up to 52 Mbps of bandwidth over voice on

a single twisted pair copper loop This copper cable could be within an ILEC's legacy network or in a CLEC's new FTTC rollout

Broadband, the Potential

The potential for growth in broadband infrastructure is massive It is clear that carriers need

to upgrade their legacy networks to support broadband New players such as CLECs and service providers are eagerly targeting this market utilising

KRONE (Australia) Holdings Pty Limited

2 Hereford Street Berkeley Vale NSW 2261

PO Box 335 Wyong NSW 2259

Phone: 02 4389 5000

Fax: 02 4388 4499

Tech Support: 1800 801 298

Email: kronehlp@krone.com.au

Web: krone.com.au

Copyright © 2004 KRONE (Australia) Holdings Pty Limited

the latest technologies such as high speed DSL for

their broadband delivery

By December 2003 there were 100 million

broadband lines This was an increase of 63% from

the previous period in 2002 as reported by research

company Point Topic Of this, copper based DSL

technologies account for 64% of the lines whilst

cable modem based broadband delivery was 36%

DSL growth remained ahead of cable modem

and other broadband growth overall, growing at

32% in the second half of 2003 compared to a

modest 18% for cable modems in the same

period The growing demand for broadband access

and its cost effective delivery to subscribers will

ensure this trend continues

The Point Topic research indicates that DSL is the

connection of world choice Total DSL subscriptions

surpassed 64 million lines, with the service' s

popularity mostly attributed to the sharp rise

during the second half of 2003 in the number of

DSL subscribers in the Asia-Pacific and EMEA

regions, 31.5% and 38.7% respectively

As reported by the Yankee Group, by 2008 more

than 8 million business DSL connections across the

region will generate $5.4 billion in revenue It is

forecast that at this time the two dominant

markets, Japan and China, will hold more than

56% of the region' s business DSL subscribers

DSL more than doubled during 2002 and is

continuing to grow strongly throughout the world

Global broadband access service revenue will rise by more than US$136 billion over the next 6 years, according to a new forecast from Pioneer Consulting The company predicts that total revenues will reach US$229 billion by 2008, up from US$93 billion in

2002 Based on current development rates, there

" could" be up to 200 million DSL broadband subscribers by 2005

The KRONE Broadband Family

To enable KRONE globally to meet the challenge of these new applications and to assist carriers in

" opening the last/first mile bottleneck" , KRONE Australia has developed the " Broadband" range of modules Differentiated by purple printing on the turrets, this new range complements the classic HIGHBAND® which is utilised for in-building delivery, thereby, seamlessly linking AccessNET™

with PremisNET® applications This then provides our customers with broadband " end-to-end" connectivity

The following is the range at present:

M odules

ÜBroadband 10

ÜBroadband 8 (standard)

ÜBroadband 8 (compact)

ÜBroadband 25

Outlet

ÜBroadband 8P4C pin in RJ45 format (purple nose piece)

ÜBroadband 8P8C RJ45

Protection

ÜBroadband 10 pair protection magazine

ÜOne pair protector (ComProtect®)

Ü10 pair earth strip

Splitters

ÜLSA Direct for

ÜCentral office applications

ÜNGDLC (Next Generation Digital Loop Carrier)

ÜONU (Optical Network Unit)

ÜThird party badged " dynamic" and

" standard" splitters as per in-country customer premise equipment specifications

ÜThird party splitters for central office applications

The Winning Edge

KRONE Australia commissioned an independent test house, Power and Digital Instruments Pty

“Top Ten” Broadband countries by number of lines.

Source: Point Topic - 23rd March 2004

Lt d, t o evaluat e t he perf ormance of t he

Broadband range to the new VDSL standards

against other connectivity modules available in

the market

A white paper on " The Critical Effects of Cable

Termination Equipment on VDSL Loop Performance"

is available from KRONE

Quote from Consultant - M r George

Georgevits (B.E Hons.)

" The graphs clearly demonstrate an advantage (dB)

with the KRONE Broadband module in channel

return loss and channel NEXT performance Even a

few dB of additional channel headroom has

significant implications in terms of maximum

channel reach It can have a big impact on overall

network rollout costs"

Unique Properties of the KRONE Broadband

Series

The following are the unique features of KRONE

Broadband as identified by independent testing

ÜThe modules exhibited a higher

performance than the competitors in NEXT

and Return Loss

ÜThis translates to the capability to reach

longer distances than the competitors in

quality signal delivery and therefore open greater potential revenue streams to the service providers

ÜThe much smoother response of our Broadband modules ensures a greater quality of signal and therefore less retransmissions which in turn leads to less compensation needed to be provided by the manufacturer

ÜBroadband modules performed a degree of NEXT compensation at the higher

frequencies, in other words, the modules actually reduced NEXT

ÜKRONE Broadband modules will provide additional headroom when deployed onto existing infrastructure

As stated previously, the two main parameters affecting broadband delivery over copper are Return Loss (RL) and Crosstalk The following graphs, extracted from this testing clearly illustrates the KRONE Broadband modules unique performance

The KRONE Broadband Family

Note Channel NEXT and RL graphs:

Competitor A 10 pair module

Competitor B 10 pair module

Competitor C 10 pair module

Competitor D 10 pair module

BB is KRONE’s Broadband module

The chart above shows the KRONE Broadband 10

module compared to other available, non-KRONE

modules for Return Loss at 0-12 MHz From the

graph you can see that Broadband has a much

smoother response over the whole 12 MHz range

and performs better than the competitors The

worst case mean return loss degradation for

Broadband is around 2 dB and for competitor

modules in the range of 5-6 dB

Crosstalk is a disturbance caused by an electric or

magnetic field of one telecommunication signal

affecting a signal in an adjacent circuit and this can

cause a severe degradation in transmission

There is more detail on this subject later in the

document However, it is important to note that the

consultant' s investigation found that the

Broadband modules performed a degree of NEXT

compensation at the higher frequencies In the

following graph, below the 0 line indicates NEXT

compensation and the measurements above the line indicate NEXT degradation

From the graph above, it can be seen that the KRONE Broadband module has the most stable performance The Broadband whole frequency

performance indicates a net positive influence that

no other module matches

The Return Loss Performance of the KRONE Broadband module at 30 MHz exhibits a far

superior performance to any competitor module Particularly at the higher end of the spectrum, Broadband performs up to 6 dB better

NEXT at 30 MHz shows that the Broadband module induces no loss over the frequency spectrum while all others contribute a net loss in NEXT performance

Application Areas for KRONE Broadband

There are numerous application areas that have been identified such as:

ÜDirect central office delivery of VDSL i.e DSLAM in central office over copper to the customer

Channel Ret Loss Change Due to M odules at 0-30 M Hz

Channel NEXT Change Due to M odules at 0-30 M Hz

Channel NEXT Change Due to M odules at 0-12 M Hz

KRONE facts

ÜPassive Optical Networks (PON's) with VDSL

for the " last mile"

ÜMetro Ethernet, an emerging technology

which again utilises FTTC/FTTB and VDSL for

" first mile" delivery

ÜLegacy network upgrades to a broadband

capability i.e MDF, CCC and DP

ÜxDSL applications in general

ÜFutureproofing of networks

ÜMigration of ADSL to VDSL: Drivers being:

ÜIncreasing multimedia services (VOD)

ÜBandwidth exceeds ADSL performance

ÜMigration to full service networks

ÜReplace multiple ADSL or E1/T1 Links

ÜVDSL link needed to satisfy thirsty

business applications such as

CAD/CAM

About the ITU-T FS-VDSL Focus Group

The drivers of the new VDSL standards were sixteen

network operators and fifty two equipment

vendors, who envisage a new multi-service

video-centric network platform based on VDSL delivery,

which will enable operators and service providers to

provide end-users with a rich mix of video, data and

voice services By utilising global ITU-T standards,

greater economies of deployment are expected

The use of VDSL rather than today's typical ADSL

provides significant increase in bandwidth enabling

provision of multiple digital TV channels including

HDTV and on-demand services, along with

high-speed data and multiple voice channels

Emerging Technology

A new application for the Broadband modules,

" Metro Ethernet" , is now emerging Based on the

traditional local area network Ethernet technology,

so called Metro-Ethernet services are emerging as a

new form of high speed Internet access offering

wide-range scalability

Ethernet in the First M ile (EFM )

In November 2000, the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet

working group formed an Ethernet in the first mile

study group It was christened as " first mile" to

emphasise the need to put end customers first It is

expected that the task force will adopt Ethernet

over VDSL, which means using an Ethernet Media

Access Control layer (MAC) on top of the VDSL

physical layer Ethernet over VDSL (EoVSL)

technology is the ideal solution for delivering 14 Mbit at 12 Mhz and up to 52 Mbit at 30 Mhz utilising KRONE Broadband modules

M etro Ethernet

Metro Ethernet services take the well proven and accepted benefits and advantages of Ethernet LANs such as low cost equipment, efficient and proven technology to the public space with carriers and service providers

At this time, EFM for residential access is currently mostly an Asia-Pac phenomenon, and will largely remain so through to 2006 Reasons for this include heavy reliance on Multi-Dwelling Units (MDUs), short local loop lengths, low labour costs, government support, and, particularly in the case of China, the need to deploy new infrastructure

EoVDSL (Ethernet over VDSL)

EoVDSL technology enables network designers to build high performance access networks for multi-unit buildings (MxU) and enterprise campus environments MxU buildings include hotels, residential multi dwelling units (MDUs) and commercial multi tenant units (MTUs) Enterprise campuses include manufacturing sites, educational campuses and hospitals

As data rates in these environments are suitable for multiple channels of video service, in addition to voice and data applications, the potential need for KRONE's Broadband connectivity is clear EoVDSL is also ideal for network access to residential customers from curbside distribution boxes and nodes and again, our new KRONE Broadband products are particularly applicable here

VDSL, What Is It?

VDSL (very high-speed digital subscriber line) has sufficient bandwidth to deliver two or more streams

of uncompressed MPEG-2 video, with plenty of

overhead for broadband Internet access and other

digital services Specialised implementations of

VDSL that are also promoted for video applications

include long-reach Ethernet and Rate Adaptive DSL

ÜTargets both Fibre to the Curb (FTTC) and

in-building applications

ÜHigh downstream bandwidth for distances

up to 1 mile or 1.5 Km

Ü50/30 Mbps up to 300 metres

Ü36/12 Mbps up to 1000 metres

Ü15/3 Mbps up to 1500 metres

VDSL is Designed to Allow

ÜThree video streams to run concurrently to

three TVs This is to suit typical usage

demographics

ÜLife line POTS telephone (splitter required)

ÜHighspeed Internet 2-3Mbit (downstream)

ÜVoIP additional telephone lines, fax, alarm

ÜVideo on Demand

It is very interesting to note that Korea who are

the world leaders in the utilisation of ADSL are

rapidly upgrading their networks to VDSL This

migration will allow services such as Video On

Demand (VOD) to be adopted

What the Physical Netw ork Entails

ÜDigital HHead EEnd - the storage medium for content, this can be inclusive of a satellite downfeed or fed by fibre from a shadow Head End This can serve a group of exchanges on a fibre ring or star (FTTEx)

ÜFibre DDistribution ffrom EExchange - this is a PON (Passive Optical Network) system to active CCCs adjacent to passive copper cabinets (FTTCab or FTTN) or directly to multi tenant buildings (FTTB) The PON will probably be APON (ATM PON) although standards include the use of EPON (Ethernet PON)

ÜFibre tto CCopper - the PON will terminate in

an ONU with a VDSL DSLAM and be linked

KRONE facts

into the existing copper distribution

network with a splitter

ÜCustomer TTermination - the line will

terminate on a splitter and CPE VDSL

modem

Connectivity/ Delivery Issues

Any successful deployment of a broadband service

in reality begins with the establishment of a reliable,

high quality, well-engineered local loop

Field and laboratory tests have shown that legacy

infrastructure in the access network and in

customers premises can be an impediment to

higher bandwidth and higher speed services The

transmission characteristics of old copper

infrastructures can lead to increased bit errors,

slowing down of transmissions and increasing

traffic due to signal reflections, in particular at

junction or interconnect points (also known as

impedance mismatches) The new Broadband

modules are designed for this segment of the

network to maximise delivery capability

With legacy network upgrades, carriers will be

faced with a variety of lines and differing quality in

the OSP The ability of a specific copper pair to

support a broadband service depends on a number

of factors:

ÜBasic line impairments: The presence of

loading coils, line taps, leakage, or physical

faults on a line means that it cannot

support transmission of high bandwidth

signals

ÜAttenuation: To successfully carry a

broadband service, a line must be capable

of transmitting a minimum signal level from

one end to the other (that is, it must exhibit

a minimum level of attenuation)

ÜNoise: When noise, generated by crosstalk

or external sources is superimposed on the

line, the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is

impaired This factor can reduce effective bit

rate or loop reach of the service

Crosstalk, What Is It?

The independent testing conducted for KRONE

Australia showed a unique USP of the Broadband

family minimising crosstalk, one of the most critical

factors in effective broadband delivery

Crosstalk can be categorised in one of two forms:

ÜNear end crosstalk, commonly referred to as NEXT, is the most significant because the high-energy signal from an adjacent system can induce relatively significant crosstalk into the primary signal

ÜThe other form is far end crosstalk, or FEXT, which is typically less of an issue because the far end interfering signal is attenuated

as it traverses the loop

Broadband M odules NEXT Compensation

As mentioned earlier in the document, the Broadband modules performed a degree of NEXT compensation at the higher frequencies, thereby improving signal quality

What Causes Return Loss (RL)?

Variations in the impedance of a cable produce RL; therefore, anything that affects impedance tolerance affects RL This includes the basic construction of the cable, from the size, shape, and make-up of the conductors; choice and manufacturing of the insulation or dielectric; and choice of shield elements and materials Return loss can also be dramatically affected by the choice of connectors and other passive components

Legacy Netw ork Upgrades

With the above in mind, when service providers need to upgrade their networks to a broadband capability on legacy cable infrastructure, the choice

of connectors utilised to introduce the service can have a crucial impact on the whole circuit performance Often the upgrading can be as simple as replacing the physical cross connect in the BD, DLC or DP with Broadband modules improving return loss and thereby improving the transmission characteristics of the line KRONE Broadband modules will provide additional headroom when deployed onto existing infrastructure

So What Does This M ean to a Service Provider?

ÜDue to this unique KRONE Broadband module performance, the service providers can expect greater quality of signal delivery

KRONE facts

therefore reducing resends and the required

compensation requirements

ÜOne of the greatest challenges today for the

incumbents is customer retention By

utilising the KRONE Broadband module

family, they will be able to quickly offer

access to the latest technologies

ÜPerhaps the greatest benefit of all is the

extension of reach the KRONE Broadband

family offers and therefore the increase in

the amount of customers service providers

can supply This translates to higher

revenues to the provider

Conclusion

KRONE Broadband modules are the highest

performing available today They will enable carriers

and service providers to develop and deploy

network architecture that will:

ÜAllow legacy networks to be upgraded to a

broadband delivery capability

ÜEnable service providers to migrate to the

latest technology with minimum

expenditure

ÜWill provide a futureproof foundation for

growth

ÜWill provide the path to NEW revenue

streams for the service provider

What KRONE Can Offer

Ü" Broadband" copper connectivity in the central office and active or passive cabinets

ÜComplimented by HIGHBAND®for the building cabling thereby providing seamless broadband delivery

Ü" Broadband" copper connectivity for legacy network upgrades BD/CCC/DP

ÜLSA Direct with built in VDSL splitter with/without protection (overvoltage or maintenance free)

ÜThird party badged " dynamic" and

" standard" splitters as per in-country customer premise equipment specifications

ÜDigital Head End - fibre frames, connectivity, patching, pigtails and monitoring at both ends

ÜFibre Distribution from Exchange - fibre frames, connectivity, patching and pigtails

ÜFibre closures with management and PON splitters

ÜUpgrade or new build with Broadband modules to offer enhanced throughput in the ranges up to 12 MHz and 30 MHz

ÜComprotect for both ADSL and VDSL applications

KRONE (Australia) Holdings Pty Limited

2 Hereford Street Berkeley Vale NSW 2261

PO Box 335 Wyong NSW 2259

Phone: 02 4389 5000

Fax: 02 4388 4499

Tech Support: 1800 801 298

Email: kronehlp@krone.com.au

Web: krone.com.au

Copyright © 2004 KRONE (Australia) Holdings Pty Limited