engineering graphics with autocad 2020 pdf

5-4 Hidden Lines 5-5 Hidden Line Conventions 5-6 Drawing Hidden Lines To Add Hidden Linetypes to theDrawing To Create a Hidden Layer for GeneralUse To Change Layers 5-7 Precedence of Lin

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2020 ®

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2020

James D Bethune

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Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD® 2020

Copyright © 2020 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights

reserved This publication is

protected by copyright, and

permission should be obtained fromthe publisher prior to any prohibitedreproduction, storage in a retrievalsystem, or transmission in any form

or by any means, electronic,

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trademark claim, the designationshave been printed in initial caps or allcaps

Certain images and materials

contained in this publication werereproduced with the permission ofAutodesk, Inc., © 2019 All rightsreserved Autodesk, AutoCAD, Revit,DWG, and the DWG logo are

registered trademarks of Autodesk,Inc., in the U.S.A and other countries.Many of the designations by

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trademark claim, the designationshave been printed in initial caps or allcaps

Credits and acknowledgments

borrowed from other sources andreproduced, with permission, in thistextbook appear on appropriate pageswithin the text

Notice of Liability

The publication is designed to providetutorial information about AutoCADand/or other Autodesk computerprograms Every effort has been made

to make this publication complete and

as accurate as possible The reader isexpressly cautioned to use any and allprecautions necessary, and to takeappropriate steps, to avoid hazardswhen engaging in the activities

described herein

Neither the author nor the publishermakes any representations or

warranties of any kind with respect tothe materials set forth in this

publication, express or implied,including without limitation anywarranties of fitness for a particularpurpose or merchantability Nor shallthe author or the publisher be liablefor any special, consequential, orexemplary damages resulting, inwhole or in part, directly or indirectly,from the reader’s use of, or relianceupon, this material or subsequentrevisions of this material

Acquisitions Editor: Chhavi Vig Managing Editor: Sandra

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Senior Production Editor: Lori

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This text teaches technical drawingand uses AutoCAD 2020 as itsdrawing instrument Although itfollows the general format of manytechnical drawing texts and presentsmuch of the same material aboutdrawing conventions and practices,the emphasis is on creating accurate,clear drawings For example, the textshows how to locate dimensions on adrawing so that they completelydefine the object in accordance withASME Y14.5-2009 national standards,but the presentation centers on the

AutoCAD’s Dimensions panel and

its associated tools and options Thestandards and conventions are

presented and their applications areshown by the use of AutoCAD 2020.This integrated teaching concept isfollowed throughout the text

Most chapters include design

problems The design problems arevaried in scope and are open-ended,which means that there are severalcorrect solutions This is intended toencourage student creativity andincrease their problem-solving

abilities

AutoCAD Draw and Modify panels

and other commands needed to set upand start drawings The text starts

with simple Line commands and

proceeds through geometric

constructions The final sections of

Chapter 3 describe how to bisect a lineand how to draw a hyperbola, aparabola, a helix, and an ogee curve.Redrawing many of the classic

commands with accuracy and

creativity Four new exercises wereadded to Chapter 3

sketching Simply stated, there is still

an important place for sketching intechnical drawing Many design ideasstart as freehand sketches and arethen developed on the computer Thischapter now includes extensiveexercise problems associated withvisual orientation

views Students are shown how todraw three views of an object by usingAutoCAD 2020 The discussionincludes projection theory, hiddenlines, compound lines, oblique

surfaces, rounded surfaces, holes,irregular surfaces, castings, and thin-walled objects The chapter ends withseveral intersection problems Theseproblems serve as a good way to pulltogether orthographic views andprojection theory Several new, moredifficult, exercise problems have beenadded to this edition The chapter alsoincludes an explanation of the

differences between first and thirdangle projections as defined by ANSIand ISO conventions Appropriateexercise problems have been added tohelp reinforce the understanding ofthe differences between the twostandards

and introduces the Hatch and

Gradient commands The chapter

includes multiple, broken-out, andpartial sectional views and shows how

shows how to use the Snap, Rotate

command to create axes aligned withslanted surfaces Secondary auxiliaryviews are also discussed Solid

modeling greatly simplifies the

determination of the true shape of aline or plane, but a few examples ofsecondary auxiliary views help

students refine their understanding oforthographic views and, eventually,the application of user coordinatesystems (UCSs)

Dimension Styles tool are included.

The commands are presented asneeded to create required dimensions.The conventions demonstrated are incompliance with ANSI Y14.5-2009

determine the maximum and

minimum tolerances for matchingholes and shafts

geometric tolerances and explainshow AutoCAD 2020 can be used tocreate geometric tolerance symbolsdirectly from dialog boxes Bothprofile and positional tolerances areexplained The overall intent of thechapter is to teach students how tomake parts fit together Fixed and

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design with the use of standardfasteners, including bolts, nuts,machine screws, washers, hexagonheads, square heads, setscrews, rivets,and springs Students are shown how

to create wblocks of the individualthread representations and how to usethem for different size requirements

drawings, detail drawings, and partslists Instructions for drawing titleblocks, tolerance blocks, releaseblocks, and revision blocks, and forinserting drawing notes are alsoincluded to give students betterpreparation for industrial practices

and bearings The chapter teacheshow to design by using gears selectedfrom manufacturers’ catalogs andwebsites The chapter shows how toselect bearings to support gear shaftsand how to tolerance holes in supportplates to maintain the desired centerdistances of meshing gears It alsoexplains how to create a displacementdiagram and then draw the

appropriate cam profile

capabilities Both parallel (isometric)and perspective grids, as well as theworld coordinate systems (WCSs) andUCSs are demonstrated so studentslearn the fundamentals of 3D

drawings before drawing objects

the different Visual Style options.

The chapter shows how to unionprimitive shapes to create morecomplex models and orthographicviews from those models

problems: the Milling Vise and theTenon Jig They can be used for group

or individual projects These projectsare intended to help students learn towork in groups or how to work on alarge complex project This chaptercan be found on the web as a

supplement to the Instructor’s

Manual by registering your book at

education/subjectcatalog/download-instructor-resources.html Instructorsmay distribute to students

https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-ONLINE INSTRUCTOR

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS

Instructor materials are availablefrom Pearson’s Instructor ResourceCenter Go to

education/subjectcatalog/download-instructor-resources.html to register,

https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-or to sign in if you already have anaccount

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks to Chhavi Vig, Lori Lyons, andGayathri Umashankaran; also thanks

to David, Maria, Randy, Sandra,Hannah, Wil, Madison, Jack, Luke,Sam, and Ben for their continuedsupport A special thanks to Cheryl

James D Bethune

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Appendix (Online Only)

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To Access Additional CommandsWithin a Panel

1-5 Starting a New Drawing 1-6 Naming a Drawing

To Start a New Drawing

To Save a New Drawing File

1-7 Drawing Units

To Specify or Change the DrawingUnits

To Specify or Change the Precision ofthe Units System

To Specify or Change the Angle Units

To Align the Drawing Limits with aStandard A3 (Metric) Paper Size

To Exit a Command Sequence

4.)

To Create a Closed Area (See Figure 2-2-3 Erase

To Erase Individual Lines

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2-6 Construction Line

Other Construction Line Commands:Hor Ver Ang

Other Construction Line Command:Offset

2-7 Circle

To Draw a Circle—Radius (See Figure2-14.)

To Draw a Circle—Diameter (SeeFigure 2-14.)

To Draw a Circle—2 Points (SeeFigure 2-15.)

To Draw a Circle—3 Points (SeeFigure 2-15.)

To Draw a Circle—Tangent TangentRadius

Quadrant-Sensitive Applications

2-8 Circle Centerlines

To Use the Center Mark Tool

2-9 Polyline

21.)

To Draw a Polyline: Arc (See Figure 2-Other Options with a Polyline Arc

To Draw Different Line Thicknesses(See Figure 2-23.)

2-10 Spline

2-11 Ellipse

To Draw an Ellipse—Axis Endpoint(See Figure 2-25.)

To Draw an Ellipse—Center (SeeFigure 2-26.)

To Draw an Ellipse—Arc (See Figure2-27.)

To Draw an Ellipse by Defining ItsAngle of Rotation About the MajorAxis (See Figure 2-29.)

2-12 Rectangle

30.)

To Draw a Rectangle (See Figure 2-30.)

To Explode a Rectangle (See Figure 2-2-13 Polygon

To Draw a Polygon—Center Point (SeeFigure 2-31.)

To Draw a Polygon—Edge Distance(See Figure 2-31.)

2-14 Point

To Change the Shape of a Point (SeeFigure 2-32.)

To Change the Size of a Point (See

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2-15 Text

To Use the Multiline Text Tool (SeeFigures 2-33 Through 2-39.)

2-18 Offset (See Figure 2-46.) 2-19 Mirror (See Figure 2-47.) 2-20 Array

To Use the Rectangular Array Option

To Use the Polar Array Option

2-21 Rotate

To Rotate an Object (See Figure 2-51.)

3-3 Osnap—Endpoint

To Snap to the Endpoint of anExisting Line

3-4 Osnap—Snap From

To Move a Line

To Change the Angle and Length of aLine

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3-7 Osnap—Apparent

Intersection

To Draw a Circle Centered About anApparent Intersection

3-10 Osnap—Perpendicular

To Draw a Line Perpendicular to aLine

3-11 Osnap—Tangent

To Draw a Line Tangent to a Circle

3-12 Osnap—Nearest

To Draw a Line from a Point to theNearest Selected Point on an ExistingLine

3-13 Sample Problem SP3-1 3-14 Sample Problem SP3-2

To Access the Grips Dialog Box

3-16 Grips—Extend

To Extend the Length of a Line (SeeFigure 3-24.)

3-17 Grips—Move

To Move an Object by Using Grips(See Figure 3-25.)

3-18 Grips—Rotate

To Rotate an Object by Using Grips(See Figure 3-26.)

3-19 Grips—Scale

To Change the Scale of an Object (SeeFigure 3-27.)

3-20 Grips—Mirror

28.)

To Use the Insert Dialog Box toChange the Shape of a Block

To Combine Blocks

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To Create a Wblock

To Verify that a Wblock Has BeenCreated

To Change the Size of a Wblock

3-24 Layers

To Create New Layers

To Change the Color and Linetype of aLayer

To Insert an Existing Block withAttributes

To Edit an Existing Attribute

3-26 Title Blocks with Attributes 3-27 Edit Polyline

To Create a Spline from a GivenPolyline

3-28 Edit Spline

3-33 Constructing a Parabola 3-34 Constructing a Hyperbola 3-35 Constructing a Spiral

3-36 Constructing a Helix

3-37 Designing by Using Shape Parameters

5-4 Hidden Lines

5-5 Hidden Line Conventions 5-6 Drawing Hidden Lines

To Add Hidden Linetypes to theDrawing

To Create a Hidden Layer for GeneralUse

To Change Layers

5-7 Precedence of Lines

5-8 Slanted Surfaces

5-9 Projection Between Views 5-10 Sample Problem SP5-1 5-11 Compound Lines

5-12 Sample Problem SP5-2 5-13 Oblique Surfaces

5-16 Sample Problem SP5-4 5-17 Holes

5-18 Holes in Slanted Surfaces

To Draw an Ellipse Representing aProjected Hole

To Draw Three Views of a Hole in aSlanted Surface

To Draw Three Views of a HoleThrough an Oblique Surface

5-19 Cylinders

5-20 Sample Problem SP5-5 5-21 Cylinders with Slanted and Rounded Surfaces

5-22 Sample Problem SP5-6 5-23 Drawing Conventions and Cylinders

5-24 Irregular Surfaces

5-25 Sample Problem SP5-7 5-26 Hole Callouts

To Draw a Countersunk Hole (SeeFigure 5-65.)

5-27 Castings

5-28 Sample Problem SP5-8 5-29 Thin-Walled Objects

5-30 Sample Problem SP5-9 5-31 Intersections

5-32 Sample Problem SP5-10 5-33 Sample Problem SP5-11

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5-35 Designing by Modifying an Existing Part

5-36 Drawing Standards

5-37 Third- and First-Angle Projections

To Draw an Arrowhead

To Change the Size of an Arrowhead

To Draw a Cutting Plane Line—Method II

6-5 Sample Problem SP6-1 6-6 Styles of Section Lines 6-7 Sectional View Location

Out Sectional Views

6-14 Half, Partial, and Broken-To Draw a Broken Line

6-15 Removed Sectional Views 6-16 Breaks

40.)

To Draw an S-Break (See Figure 6-6-17 Sectional Views of Castings 6-18 Exercise Problems

7-1 Introduction

7-2 Projection Between Normal and Auxiliary Views

To Rotate the Drawing’s Axis System(See Figure 7-6.)

7-3 Sample Problem SP7-1

7-4 Transferring Lines Between Views

To Measure the Length of a Line

To Grip and Move a Line (See Figure7-10.)

To Rotate and Move a Line

7-5 Sample Problem SP7-2

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7-6 Projecting Rounded Surfaces 7-7 Sample Problem SP7-3

7-8 Projecting Irregular Surfaces 7-9 Sample Problem SP7-4

7-10 Sample Problem SP7-5 7-11 Partial Auxiliary Views 7-12 Sectional Auxiliary Views 7-13 Auxiliary Views of Oblique Surfaces

7-14 Secondary Auxiliary Views

To Draw the First Auxiliary View

To Draw the Secondary AuxiliaryView

7-15 Sample Problem SP7-6 7-16 Secondary Auxiliary View of

Some Common Terms (See Figure 8-Some Dimensioning Conventions (SeeFigure 8-3.)

Some Common Errors to Avoid (SeeFigure 8-4.)

To Create a Vertical Dimension

To Create a Horizontal Dimension bySelecting the Object to Be

Dimensioned (See Figure 8-6.)

To Change the Default DimensionText—Text Option

To Change the Default DimensionText— Mtext Option

To Change the Number of DecimalPlaces in a Dimension Value

8-6 Aligned Dimensions

To Create an Aligned Dimension (SeeFigures 8-29 and 8-30.)

To Create a Diameter Dimension

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8-8 Angular Dimensions

To Create an Angular Dimension (SeeFigure 8-42.)

Avoid Overdimensioning

8-9 Ordinate Dimensions

To Move the Origin and the OriginIcon (See Figure 8-46.)

To Add Ordinate Dimensions to anObject

8-10 Baseline Dimensions

To Use the Baseline Dimension Tool(See Figure 8-50.)

8-11 Continue Dimension

To Use the Continue DimensionCommand (See Figure 8-51.)

8-15 Text Angle

9-4 Understanding Plus and Minus Tolerances

9-5 Creating Plus and Minus Tolerances with AutoCAD

To Create Plus and Minus Tolerances

by Using the Text Option

To Create Plus and Minus Toleranceswith the Text Override Tool

To Use Dtext to Create a Plus andMinus Tolerance

To Use the Dimension Style ToolThe Symmetrical Method

The Deviation Method

9-6 Limit Tolerances

9-7 Creating Limit Tolerances by Using AutoCAD

To Create a Limit Tolerance by Usingthe Dimension Style Manager

To Modify an Existing Dimension into

a Limit Tolerance

9-8 Angular Tolerances

To Set the Precision for AngularDimensions and Tolerances

To Create an Angular Dimension andTolerance

9-9 Standard Tolerances

9-10 Double Dimensioning 9-11 Chain Dimensions and

9-12 Tolerance Studies

To Calculate A’s Maximum Length

To Calculate A’s Minimum Length

9-13 Rectangular Dimensions 9-14 Hole Locations

9-15 Choosing a Shaft for a Toleranced Hole

For Linear Dimensions and

Tolerances

9-16 Sample Problem SP9-1 9-17 Sample Problem SP9-2 9-18 Standard Fits (Metric

Fits Defined by Using Inch Values AreClassified as Follows

9-23 Sample Problem SP9-4 9-24 Preferred and Standard Sizes

9-25 Surface Finishes

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9-26 Surface Control Symbols 9-27 Design Problems

Floating Condition

Fixed Condition

To Design a Hole Given a FastenerSize

10-6 Circularity

10-7 Cylindricity

10-8 Geometric Tolerances Created by Using AutoCAD

To Add a Limit Feature Tolerance to aHole

10-9 Tolerances of Orientation 10-10 Datums

10-22 Sample Problem SP10-3 10-23 Design Problems

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11-4 Thread Callouts (English Units)

11-5 Thread Representations

To Draw a Detailed Thread

Representation

To Create an Internal Detailed ThreadRepresentation in a Sectional View

To Create a Schematic Thread

Representation

To Create an Internal SchematicThread Representation

To Create a Simplified Thread

Representation

11-6 Orthographic Views of Internal Threads

11-7 Sectional Views of Internal Thread Representations

11-8 Types of Threads

11-9 How to Draw an External Square Thread

11-10 How to Draw an Internal Square Thread

11-11 How to Draw an External Acme Thread

To Draw a Hexagon-Shaped FinishedNut

To Draw a Locking Nut

11-17 Sample Problem SP11-1 11-18 Sample Problem SP11-2 11-19 Standard Screws

11-20 Setscrews

11-21 Washers

To Draw a Plain Washer (See Figure11-35.)

12-13 Sample Problem SP12-1

13-5 Sample Problem SP13-1 13-6 Sample Problem SP13-2

To Draw Meshing Spur Gears (SeeFigure 13-9B.)

13-7 Sample Problem SP13-3 13-8 Selecting Spur Gears

13-9 Center Distance Between Gears

13-10 Sample Problem SP13-4 13-11 Combining Spur Gears 13-12 Gear Terminology—Bevel 13-13 How to Draw Bevel Gears

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13-20 Sample Problem SP13-6 13-21 Cam Displacement

Drawing

14-1 Introduction

14-2 The World Coordinate System