Ly Thuyet: Indefinite pronouns: đại từ bất định Pronouns ones, someone, no one, anyone, everyone - One : thay cho 1 danh từ số ít đã được đề cập ở trước nhưng không muốn nhắc lại Eg : [r]
Trang 1TRƯỜNG THPT VÕ NGUYÊN GIÁP
ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP ANH VĂN 11- HKI NĂM HỌC 2015- 2016
UNIT 1: FRIENDSHIP
A Ly Thuyet:
I Infinitive with TO and Infinitive without TO
1 Infinitive with TO :
+ is used to express a purpose (chỉ mục đích) Ex : I’m learning English to get a good job.
+ is used after adjectives (sau tính từ) Ex : I’m happy to see you
+ is used after interrogative pronouns:(sau Wh-words) what, who, where, why, how,
Ex : Tell me what to do
+ is used after indefinite pronouns: (sau các đại từ) something, nothing, anybody,…
Ex : He has nothing to do
+ is used after some verbs: want, need, decide, refuse, offer, hope, fail, agree, tend, plan, arrange, learn, promise, afford, care, manage, attempt, expect,
Ex : I want to buy that house.
2 Infinitive without TO (V bare)
+ is used after some verbs : make, let, have ; and see, hear, watch, feel,… + Object + (V bare)
Ex : Nothing can make him cry./ I saw the man get into the car
+ is used after modal verbs: will, shall, could, can, should, must, may, ….and after: had better, would rather,….
Ex: I must speak to manager /You should go to bed early / He cannot do anything but smile.
B Practice:
* Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:
1 You mustn’t (use) _ phone in class
2 I often go to the market (buy) food
3 She promised (not be) there again
4 I want (see) the house where our president was born
5 He told me (try) _ (come) early
6 You’d better (be) on time
7 He always makes me (smile)
8 Would you like ( go ) to the cinema now?
9 I wish to have someone (talk) with
10 I don’t know where (go) now
UNIT 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
A Ly Thuyet:
I Tenses
1 Simple present (Hiện tại đơn):
He / she / it + V-s /es
I / You / We/ They +V He / she / it + doesn’t + VI / You / We / They +don’t + V Does + he / she / it +V?Do + I / you / we / they +V?
Trạng từ thường gặp: usually, often, always, sometimes, as a rule, normally, ever, never…
Ex: My father usually gets up at 5 a.m
2 Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)
Trạng từ thường gặp : yesterday, ago, last….
Ex : - I went to Ho Chi Minh city three days ago.
Trang 23 Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) : S+ was/ were + Ving
Ex: - I was watching TV at 5 p.m yesterday.
- When he came, we were doing our homework at 7a.m yesterday morning.
4 Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành) S+ had + PP
Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước 1 hành động khác ở quá khứ
S + V2 / didn’t + Vinf + after + S + had + Vpp
S + had + Vpp + before + S + V2 / didn’t + Vinf
- By the time
- When + Vsimple past, S + had + Vpp
- Until
B Practice:
1 I (see) her last year
2 I (do) _ my homework at 7 p.m yesterday
3 Before she (watch) _ TV, she (wash) _ her clothes
4 The light (go) out while we (have) _ dinner
5 As we (cross) _ the street, we (see) an accident
6 Before Alice (go) _ to sleep, she (call) _ her family
7 The bell (ring) while Tom (take) _ a bath
8 Daisy (agree) with other members in the last meeting
9 She (win) _the gold medal in 1986
10 I (be) _ very tired because I (work) _ all day yesterday
11 While my father (read) a newspaper, I (learn) my lesson and my sister (do) _ her homework at 7 p.m yesterday
12 What you (do) _ yesterday?
13 Yesterday when she (come) to his house, I (do) my homework
14 David (be) born after his father (die) _
15 After John _ (wash) his clothes, he began to study
UNIT 3: PARTY
A Ly Thuyet:
1 INFINITIVE AND GERUND
1.1 Verbs followed by To-inf:
V + (O) + To-inf
- decide - expect - try / attempt - would like / love - agree - advise
- tend - ask / want - refuse - intend - be willing - fail
- desire / wish - order / require - demand - hope - tend - hesitate Ex: I expect to meet him tomorrow
1.2 Verbs followed by the gerund
V + (O) + V-ing
- avoid - mind - appreciate - practise - consider - finish
- deny - delay / - miss - enjoy - keep - dislike/ hate / detest
* Expressions :
- look forward to - be worth - can’t help / bear / stand - be accustomed to
- There’s no point in - be busy - It’s no good / use - be / get used to
* Adj phrase with preposition + V-ing
Ex: He is good at solving mathematical problems
2 PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND
2.1 Examples:
- She expects to be invited to Minh’s birthday party
V to be + PP
Trang 3- She enjoys being invited to Minh’s birthday party.
V being + PP
2.2 Form:
1 Passive infinitive:
To be + Past Participle
2 Passive gerund:
Being + Past Participle
B Practice:
Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form: gerund or infinitive.
1 He tried (explain) but she refused (listen)
2 At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) between two courses
3 He avoided _ (see), so he wore a big false bear
4 Would you mind (show) me how (work) the lift?
5 He enjoyed (invite) to her wedding party
6 He didn’t want (see) by Mary at the airport
UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK
A Ly Thuyet:
GERUND AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE: (Danh động từ và hiện tại phân từ)
1 Form:
2 Use
a To form continuous tenses.+ Example: She is reading book now.
b As adjectives + Example: I love the noise of falling rain.
c Present participle is used after verbs of sensation (see, hear, smell, feel, listen to, notice,
watch…).
+ Example: I see him passing my house everyday.
d Present participle is used after verbs: catch, find, leave + Object.
+ Example: I caught them stealing my money.
e Present participle is used after verbs: go, come, spend, waste, be busy
+ Example: Tom is busy practising for the school concert.
PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE ( Danh động từ hoàn thành và phân
từ hoàn thành)
1 Form
2 Use
2.1 Perfect gerund:
a is used instead of the present gerund form when we are referring to a past action.( đề cập đến hành động quá khứ)
+ Example: He was accused of having deserted his ship
b is fairly usual after “deny” :
+ Example: He denied having been there.
3.2 Perfect participle:
a can be used instead of the present participle to replace a main clauses, (when one action is
immediately followed by another with the same subject)
b emphasizes that the first action is complete before the second one starts.( hành động 1 hoàn thành trước hành động 2)
+ Example: Having finished his homework, Tom watched TV.
B Practice:
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
V - ING
Having + Past Participle
Trang 41/ The boy was accused of……… (take) the car.
2/ (Complete)……… …… the book, he had a holiday
UNIT 6: COMPETITIONS
A Ly Thuyet:
Reported Speech with gerund
a/ Having object:
S + V + Object + preposition + V-ing
* Verbs: accused …of, congratulate … on, prevent … from, thank … for, warm … against, stop… from.
* Example:- “You are not telling the truth, you are a liar!”
They accused me of telling lies.
b/ Having no object:
S + V + preposition + V-ing
* Verbs: dream of, approve/ disapprove of, insist on, apologize for, think of, look forward to, deny, admit,+ V-ING
B Practice:
Write the following sentences using the words given
1 “Let’s meet outside the cinema,” he said
He suggested………
2 “You didn’t pay attention to my lesson, Ha”, the teacher said
The teacher accused ………
3 John spent his own money I can’t prevent him from that
I can’t prevent ………
4.”Congratulations! You’ve succeeded in the interview, Kate,’’
Jane congratulated ………
5 “ Thank you for helping me, Mary” he said
He thanked ………
UNIT 7: WORLD POPULATION
A Ly Thuyet:
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
1 Điều kiện loại 1 :
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
If + S + Be am/ is/are
V[-s/es]/ V
don’t / doesn’t + V(inf)
S + will + V(inf)
S + will not + V(inf) Will + S + V(inf)…?
Unless = if…….not
Ví dụ Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.
If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam.
- Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ: không được viết Unless you don’t write)
2 Điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 :
Trang 5TYPE IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
II If + S + Be were
S + V-ed/2 S + didn’t + V(inf) S + would / could + V(inf) S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf) Would / Could + S + V(inf)… ? III If + S + had + Vpp S + would / could have + V-ed/3 S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3 Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3…? Điều kiện loại 2 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại Điều kiện loại 3 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ II CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH Ex: 1.“If I have a lot of money, I’ll build houses for the poor.”, John said John said if he had a lot of money, he would build houses for the poor 2 “ If today were Sunday, we wouldn’t go to school” they said to me => They told me if that day were/ had been Sunday, they wouldn’t go/ wouldn’t have gone to school B Practice: 1 Put the verbs into the correct form. 1 If he (eat) all that, he will be ill 2 If I (know) his address, I’d give it to you 3 I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you 4 If the rain (stop) _, I would have gone for a walk 5 If he had done his homework last night, he (not/get) _ bad marks now 2 Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech. 1/ “ If I had any money I’d buy you a drink”, she said to me >………
2/ “ If I catch the plane I ‘ll be home by five” he said >………
3/ “If I have enough time, I will write a letter to you” Nga said >………
4/ “ If I’d had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted you,” Tom said>………
5/ “ If I were you, I’d stop smoking” she said to her brother >………
3 Rewrite these sentences by using “If”: 1 She will fail in the examination because she is lazy………
2 We don’t have holiday because we don’t have any money………
3 I don’t know the answer so I can’t tell you………
4 The little boy couldn’t eat the cake because it was very hot………
UNIT 8:
A Ly Thuyet:
Indefinite pronouns: ( đại từ bất định)
Pronouns one(s), someone, no one, anyone, everyone
- One : thay cho 1 danh từ số ít đã được đề cập ở trước ( nhưng không muốn nhắc lại)
Eg : I don’t like the red shirt; I prefer the blue one.(shirt)
- Ones : thay cho 1 danh từ số nhiều đã được đề cập ở trước
Eg: Don’t buy the sour oranges Buy the sweet ones (oranges)
Trang 6- Someone (Somebody): thường dùng trong câu khẳng định, có thể dùng trong câu nghi vấn khi
người nói muốn nghe câu trả lời ‘yes’
Eg : There’s someone waiting for you in the living room
Did someone call me last night ? ( - Yes, Jane did.)
- Anyone(Anybody): dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.
Eg : Have you met anyone like him ?
Don’t tell anyone my secret
- No one (Nobody) : dùng với động từ khẳng định nhưng ý tưởng của câu mang nghĩa phủ định
Eg: No one likes her stories
- Everyone (Everybody) : dùng trong câu khẳng định, đề cập đến mọi người hoặc tất cả mọi người
(nhưng động từ chia ở số ít)
Eg : Everyone has been already for the game
Phonetics (ngữ âm)
* CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít.
/ s / Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/
Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books
/ iz / Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/ Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x,
z, ch, sh, ce, ge
Ex: washes , kisses , oranges…
// z / Không thuộc hai loại trên Ex: bags , kids , days …
Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ:
- Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ: busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison
-Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ: sugar, sure
* CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
1 “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : Ex: wanted; decided
2 “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked;
stopped; laughed
3 “-ed ” pronounced as / d /: Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : Ex: moved; played; raised
Ngọai lệ : Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed,
naked,
*STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm
1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố (prefix) và hậu tố (suffix)
ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather
* Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway
Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc
V + ment: ag'ree(thoả thuận) =>ag'reement
V + ance: re'sist( chống cự ) =>re'sistance (sự
chống cự)
V + er : em'ploy(thuê làm) => em'ployer( chủ
lao động)
V + or : in'vent ( phát minh) => in'ventor
V + ar : beg (van xin) => 'beggar( người ăn
xin)
V + al : ap'prove( chấp thuận) => ap'proval
V + y : de'liver( giao hàng)=> de'livery( sự giao hàng)
V + age: pack( đóng gói ) => 'package( bưu kiện)
V + ing : under'stand( hiểu) => under'standing adj + ness : 'bitter ( đắng)=> 'bitterness( nỗi cay đắng)
Trang 72/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như /∂/ hay /i/
* Ex: a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy
3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì
Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2
Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1
EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse
* Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)
4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes ) sau đây một vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , -ICAL,
-UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY ,
-METRY
EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy
Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television
5/ Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -AIRE,
-SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon
*Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon…
* Word form and word meaning:
1 Nouns: Danh từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:
a Chủ ngữ của câu ( S )
b Sau tính từ hoặc tính từ sở hữu ( adj + N, her/ his/ my/ their/ ‘s ……… + N )
c Sau mạo từ: a/ an/ the ( a/ an/ the + adj + noun )
d Sau giới từ: ( of, in, on, from, to, about, with ) hoặc từ chỉ số lượng ( a few/ little, some, any, much, most…
2 Adjectives: Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:
a Trước danh từ, bổ nghiã cho danh từ
b Sau động từ “ to be” hoặc động từ “ linking verbs" ( get, seem, keep, make, become, feel
……… )
c Sau các cấu trúc: so… that, enough…, too… to, dạng so sánh ( more, most, less, as
as )
3 Adverbs: Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:
a Trước hoặc sau động từ thường: ( S - V … + adv hoặc S + adv + V … )
b Trước tính từ: ( be, seem … + adv + adj … )
c Đầu câu ( sau dấu phẩy ) hoặc cuối câu
B Practice:
I Fill in the blanks with the pronouns: one(s), someone, anyone, no one, or everyone
1 Nearly _on the Internet uses e-mail to communicate with each other.
2 _ has left their bag behind
3 I’ve got some stamps here Which is the _you like?
4 Was there _ you knew at the meeting?
5 Goodbye, _ I’ll see you next week
6 There’s _at the door
II Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
1 Children usually are given 'lucky money' _ Tet
2 Banh Chung, which is made sticky rice, is one of Tet's special foods
3 The New Year is celebrated _ night _ January 1
Trang 84 There are usually a lot of party _ New Year’s Eve.
5 Vietnamese people prepare _ Tet several weeks beforehand
6 We decorated our Christmas tree _ a lot of colored and shiny little bells
7 Many people go to the pagoda to pray _ a happy year
FURTHER PRACTICE
I Put out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1 A dinner B drink C river D child
2 A young B.use C year D.unhappy
3 A.literacy B minority C library D primary
II Choose the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words.
1.A number B eager C special D affair
2 A feeling B believe C ready D easy
3 A acquaintance B interest C capable D sympathy
4 A experience B embarrass C floppy D embrace
5 A operation B revision C education D population
6 A opportunity B competition C activity D population
7 A increase B figure C remote D affect
III VOCABULARY
1 We should take care of war invalids and family of martyrs.
A look after B look into C look for D look at
2 Shy people often find it difficult to _ group discussions
A take place in B take part in C get on with D get in
3 A person who has been chosen to speak or vote for someone else on behalf of a group
A contestant B competitor C examinee D representative
4 One third of the world’s _ consumes two thirds of the world resources
A people B men C population D human
5 The practice of controlling the number of children a person has, using various methods of contraception is called _
A family planning B birth control C population D A & B
6 A special event that people organize to memorize something
A birthday B wedding C house warning D celebration
7 Banh Chung is made _ sticky rice, green beans and fatty pork.
A of B from C with D by
8 Many people go to the pagoda to _ for a happy year for themselves and their family
A pray B long C desire D ask
9 Schools need to help children to read and write
A volunteers B pioneers C engineers D innovators
10 I looked everywhere but I couldn't find _ at all
A no one B anyone C someone D somebody
11 A person who decides who has won a competition is called a(n)
A referee B judge C investigator D witness
12 Teenagers often have their who they admire very much
A ideals B admirers C images D idols
Trang 913 A: What’s Tet? B: It’s time when Vietnamese people celebrate beginning of spring
A X/ the B the/ the C a/ a D a/ the
14 Good friendship should be based on understanding
A give and take B unselfish C loyal to D mutual
15 The population of the world has been _ faster and faster
A increasing B decreasing C falling D changing
IV Supply the correct form of the word in bold
1 I’ve never felt so ( embarrass ) in my life!
2 They had a really good chance of winning the national (compete)
3 Over 30,000 will run in the New York marathon (compete)
4 We would like to see closer ( cooperate ) .between parents and schools.
5 The work of the charity is funded by ( volunteer ) donations.
6 They went hiking in a ( mountain) region.
7 What’s the (populate) of the world?
* Word form and word meaning:
1 Nouns: Danh từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:
e Chủ ngữ của câu ( S )
f Sau tính từ hoặc tính từ sở hữu ( adj + N, her/ his/ my/ their/ ‘s ……… + N )
g Sau mạo từ: a/ an/ the ( a/ an/ the + adj + noun )
h Sau giới từ: ( of, in, on, from, to, about, with ) hoặc từ chỉ số lượng ( a few/ little, some, any, much, most…
2 Adjectives: Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:
d Trước danh từ, bổ nghiã cho danh từ
e Sau động từ “ to be” hoặc động từ “ linking verbs" ( get, seem, keep, make, become, feel
……… )
f Sau các cấu trúc: so… that, enough…, too… to, dạng so sánh ( more, most, less, as
as )
3 Adverbs: Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:
d Trước hoặc sau động từ thường: ( S - V … + adv hoặc S + adv + V … )
e Trước tính từ: ( be, seem … + adv + adj … )
f Đầu câu ( sau dấu phẩy ) hoặc cuối câu
V Reading: units 1-8 ( read carefully)