TABLE 39.2 PHASE TRANSITION DATA FOR THE PRESSUREDIAGRAM FORMERCURY 1260TABLE 39.10 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OFSATURATEDMETHANE 1261TABLE 39.11 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OFMETHANE ATATMO
Trang 1PART 4
ENERGY, POWER, AND POLLUTIONCONTROL TECHNOLOGY
Trang 2Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, 2nd ed, Edited by Myer Kutz.
ISBN 0-471-13007-9 © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
TABLE 39.2 PHASE TRANSITION
DATA FOR THE
PRESSUREDIAGRAM FORMERCURY 1260TABLE 39.10 THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES OFSATURATEDMETHANE 1261TABLE 39.11 THERMOPHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OFMETHANE ATATMOSPHERICPRESSURE 1262TABLE 39.12 THERMOPHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OFSATURATEDREFRIGERANT 22 1263TABLE 39.13 THERMOPHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OFREFRIGERANT 22 ATATMOSPHERICPRESSURE 1264FIGURE 39.3 ENTHALPY-LOG
PRESSUREDIAGRAM FORREFRIGERANT 22 1264TABLE 39.14 THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES OFSATURATEDREFRIGERANT 134a 1265
Trang 3SPECIFIC HEATS,cp/cv9 FOR LIQUIDSAND GASES ATATMOSPHERICPRESSURE 1280TABLE 39.23 SURFACE TENSION
(N/m) OF LIQUIDS 1281TABLE 39.24 THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY(W/m • K) OFSATURATEDLIQUIDS 1282TABLE 39.25 VISCOSITY
(10-4 Pa • sec) OFSATURATEDLIQUIDS 1283TABLE 39.26 THERMOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES AT1.013 bar, 298.15 K 1284TABLE 39.27 IDEAL GAS SENSIBLE
ENTHALPIES(kj/kg • mol) OFCOMMONPRODUCTS OFCOMBUSTION 1285FIGURE 39.6 PSYCHROMETRIC
CHART 1287
In this chapter, information is usually presented in the System International des Unites, called inEnglish the International System of Units and abbreviated SI Various tables of conversion factorsfrom other unit systems into the SI system and vice versa are available The following table is onlyintended to enable rapid conversion to be made with moderate, that is, five significant figure, accuracy,usually acceptable in most engineering calculations The references listed should be consulted formore exact conversions and defintions
Trang 4Table 39.1 Conversion Factors3
Density: 1 kg/m3 - 0.06243 lbm/ft3 - 0.01002 lbm/U.K gallon - 8.3454 X 10~3 lbm/U.S.gallon = 1.9403 X 10~3 slug/ft3 = 10~3 g/cm3
Energy: 1 kJ = 737.56 ft-lbf = 239.01 cal^ - 0.94783 Btu - 3.7251 X 10~4 hp hr - 2.7778 x10-4 kWhr
Specific energy: 1 kJ/kg - 334.54 ft-lbf/lbm = 0.4299 Btu/lbm - 0.2388 cal/g
Specific energy per degree: 1 kJ/kg • K - 0.23901 Btu^/lb • °F - 0.23901 cal^/g • °C
Mass: 1 kg - 2.20462 lbm - 0.06852 slug - 1.1023 X 10~3 U.S ton - 10~3 tonne - 9.8421 X10-4 U.K ton
Pressure: 1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 105 Pa 750.06 mm Hg at 0°C 401.47 in H2O at 32°F 29.530 in Hg at 0°C - 14.504 lb/in.2 - 14.504 psia = 1.01972 kg/cm2 = 0.98692 atm - 0.1MPa
-Temperature: T(K) = r(°C) + 273.15 - [7X°F) + 459.69]/1.8 - T(°R)/1.8
Temperature difference: A7(K) - Ar(°C) - A7X°F)/1.8 = A7X°R)/1.8
Thermal conductivity: 1 W/m-K = 0.8604 kcal/m-hr-°C - 0.5782 Btu/ft• hr• °F - 0.01 W/cm
• K - 2.390 X 10~3 cal/cm • sec • °C
Thermal diffusivity: 1 m2/sec - 38750 ft2/hr - 3600 m2/hr = 10.764 ft2/sec
Viscosity, dynamic: 1 N-sec/m2 = 1 Pa -sec = 107 /iP = 2419.1 lbm/ft-hr - 103 cP - 75.188slug/ft -hr = 10 P = 0.6720 lbm/ft-sec = 0.02089 lbf- sec/ft2
Viscosity, kinematic (see thermal diffusivity)
°E Lange, L F Sokol, and V Antoine, Information on the Metric System and Related Fields, 6thed., G C Marshall Space Flight Center, AL (exhaustive bibliography); C H Page and P Vigoureux,The International System of Units, NBS S.P 330, Wahsington, D.C., 1974; E A Mechtly, TheInternational System of Units Physical Constants and Conversion Factors, NASA S.P 9012, 1973.Numerous revisions periodically appear: see, for example, Pure AppL Chem., 51, 1-41 (1979) andlater issues
Table 39.2 Phase Transition Data for the Elements9
FormulaWeight227.02826.9815121.7539.94874.9216137.339.01218208.98010.81159.808112.4140.0812.011140.12132.90570.90651.99658.9332
TmM1323933.5903.98388510021560544.62320266594111238101072301.817221331766
A/7fus(kJ/kg)633981633055.8135554.0193366.055.1213.139016.4180.7325.6274.7
7i(K)34752750190587.2
27501838400033210401763427595123929503185
rc(K)78505700151210044506200445033005842690430072009750201541755006300
Trang 5FormulaWeight63.546162.50167.26151.9637.997157.2569.7272.59196.967178.49 •4.00260164.9302.0159114.82253.809192.2255.84783.80138.906207.26.941174.96724.30554.9380200.5995.94144.2420.179237.04858.7092.906428.013190.231.9988106.430.9738195.0924439.0983140.908145231226.025222186.207102.90685.4678101.07150.444.9559
7^ 00135716701795109253.515853031211133724853.5174414.043038727181811115.8119460145419379221518234.62892129024.59101728274063.2331054.418263172045913336.412051353150097320234532236312.6252513451813
A/?fus(kJ/kg)206.868.1119.160.613.463.880.1508.962.8134.82.173.828.5125.013.7247.319.644.623.2432.2106.6368.4219.311.4290.049.616.4297.6283.725.7150.013.8165.010111.760.14964.812.3177.8209.426.4256.357.3313.6
7i(K)284528553135185085.0354025003110313048854.22296820.4234645747403136119.83715202516073668136423346304900334127.141603190502077.3530090.23240553410035051032378527304300190021159203980964443020643550
rc(K)82806925725043501448670712589007250104005.27575615078578008500209.410500550037003850432517201450790044.512000800012500126.212700154.87700995107001050022108900
3771890070002070960050506410Table 39.2 (Continued)
Trang 6Tm№
494168412343711043388325224477231631577202818195051943366014062191161.310981775692.72125
A^fus(kJ/kg)66.21802104.8113.1104253.4173.5232137.167.920.169.499.658.9323.6192.535.8410.717.544.2128.2113.0185.3
7*(K)9583540243511551650718564045501261350017455067222028903565589044223680164.91467361011824681
TC(K)1810516064002500427512101650011500233084704550144006450770058501550012500113002904080895010500
°Tm = normal melting point; A/zfus = enthalpy of fusion; Tb = normal boiling point; Tc = criticaltemperature
Table 39.3 Phase Transition Data for Compounds3
A/7m(kJ/kg)73.2195.39896.4331.9113.3125.980.2125.218457.729.8173.9
77.131.7129.4
Tb(K)293.4391.7329.5189.2239.7457.6353.3261.5391.2194.7319.681.6349.9145.2405334.4475.9356240.3
khv(kJ/kg)5844055016871368485394366593573352215195138325249421357477
TO(K)461594508309133405.6699562425.2563304.2552133556227.9632.4536.6705554.2397.8
PC(bar)55.457.94761.337.7112.853.1493844.173.8793545.637.445.254.745.540.754.9Table 39.2 (Continued)
Trang 747.6334100.7115.5
Tb(K)447.3184.6351.5350.2169.5283.9373.9371.6341.9386.7431272.7111.5337.7330.2277.7249.3305312.7491121.4398.9309.2231.1370.4225.5243.4191.8215.4282.1232.4373.2V268.4383.8
A/7,(kJ/kg)2764888403664805805023163351207126338651211044102524294813283414603033574266964381651481192422342257V386339
TO(K)617305.4516523.3283.1469576540507653408.1191.1513.2507464416.3487.2510.2747180.3569.4469.8370537365385302.1340451.7369647.3V430.7594
PC(bar)2148.863.838.351.271.934.627.429.714736.546.479.546.971.266.86060.839.565.52533.742.551.746.241.238.739.651.749.8221.2V78.841
av = variable; Tm = normal melting point; A/zm = enthalpy of fusion; Tb = normal boiling point;A/zy = enthalpy of vaporization; Tc = critical temperature; Pc = critical pressure
Trang 8Table 39.4 Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid and Saturated Vapor Air3
S9(kJ/kg • K)
sf(kJ/kg • K)(kJ/kg)
hf(kJ/kg)V9
(m3/kg)
vf(m3/kg)(MPa)
Pf
(MPa)
T(K)
6.3156.0705.8755.7145.5805.4645.3635.2725.1895.1105.0334.9554.8724.7704.38
2.7262.7272.7982.8963.0043.1143.2233.3313.4363.5403.6443.7503.8613.9854.38
59.764.569.173.577.581.084.186.588.289.189.187.784.578.033.6
-144.9-144.8-144.0-132.8-124.4-115.2-105.5-95.4-84.8-73.8-62.2-49.7-35.9-19.733.6
6.8762.4151.0210.49660.26850.15740.09830.06440.04390.03080.02200.01600.01160.00810.0031
0.0010270.0010780.0011030.0011300.0011600.0011930.0012290.0012690.0013150.0013680.0014320.0015120.0016190.0017600.00309
0.00250.00770.01950.04240.08260.14690.24340.38050.56750.81391.12931.52382.00812.6143.770
av = specific volume; h = specific enthalpy; s = specific entropy; / = saturated liquid; g = saturated vapor 1 MPa = 10 bar
fe Approximate critical point Air is a multicomponent mixture
Trang 9Table 39.5 Ideal Gas Thermophysical Properties of Air3
Pr
A(W/m-K)
i?
(N • sec/m2)
vs(m/sec)y
CP(kJ/kg • K)
s(kJ/kg • K)
ft(kJ/kg)
0.01830.01910.01990.02070.02150.02220.02300.02370.02450.02520.02590.02650.02720.02790.02850.02920.02980.03040.03110.03170.03230.03300.03360.03420.03480.03550.03610.03670.0373
1.33.-5b1.39.-51.44 -51.50.-51.55.-51.60 -51.65.-51.70.-51.75.-51.80.-51.85.-51.90.-51.94 -51.99.-52.04 -52.08.-52.12.-52.17.-52.21 -52.2S.-52.29.-52.34.-S2.3S.-52.42 -52.46.-S2.50.-52.53.-S2.57.-52.61 -5
283.3290.4297.3304.0310.5317.0323.3329.4335.5341.4347.2352.9358.5364.0369.5374.8380.0385.2390.3395.3400.3405.1409.9414.6419.3423.9428.3433.0437.4
1.3981.3991.3991.4001.4001.4001.4001.4001.4001.4001.4001.4001.3991.3991.3991.3981.3981.3971.3971.3961.3951.3951.3941.3931.3921.3911.3901.3891.389
1.0081.0071.0061.0061.0051.0051.0051.0041.0041.0051.0051.0051.0061.0061.0071.0081.0091.0101.0111.0121.0131.0151.0161.0181.0191.0211.0221.0241.026
6.45916.50826.55506.59986.64256.68366.72306.76096.79746.83266.86676.89976.93166.96256.99267.02187.05027.07787.10487.13117.15677.18177.20627.23017.25357.27657.29897.32097.3425
-103.0-92.9-82.8-72.8-62.7-52.7-42.6-32.6-22.5-12.5-2.47.617.727.737.847.957.968.078.188.398.4108.5118.7128.8139.0149.2159.4169.7179.9
Trang 100.03790.03850.03980.04100.04220.04340.04460.04580.04700.04820.04950.05070.05190.05310.05440.05560.05680.05800.05920.06030.06150.06270.06390.06500.06620.06730.06840.07110.07380.07640.07890.08140.0839
2.6S.-52.69 -52.76.-S2.S3.-52.91 -52.9S.-53.04.-53.11 -53.18.-53.25.-S3.32.-S3.3S.-53.45.-S3.51 -53.S7.-53.64.-S3.70.-53.76.-53.S2.-53.8S.-53.94.-S4.00 -54.05.-54.11 -54.17.-54.23.-S4.2S.-54.42 -54.55.-54.6S.-54.81 -54.94 -55.06 -5
441.8446.1454.6462.9471.0479.0486.8494.4501.9509.3516.5523.6530.6537.5544.3551.0557.6564.1570.6576.8583.1589.3595.4601.5607.5613.4619.3633.8648.0661.8675.4688.6701.6
.388.387.385.382.380.378.376.374.371.369.367.364.362.360.358.356.354.352.350.348.346.344.342.341.339.338.336.333.330.327.324.322.319
.028.030.034.038.042.047.051.056.060.065.070.075.080.084.089.094.099.103.108.112.117.121.125.129.133.137.141.150.158.165.173.180.186
7.36377.38457.42497.46407.50187.53857.57407.60867.64227.67497.70677.73787.76827.79787.82687.85517.88297.91017.93677.96287.98858.01368.03838.06258.08648.10988.13288.18878.24238.29398.34378.39178.4381
190.2200.5221.1241.8262.6283.5304.5325.6346.7368.0389.3410.8432.3453.9475.7497.5519.4541.5563.6585.8608.1630.4652.9675.5698.1720.8743.6800.8858.5916.6975.01033.81093.0
Trang 11Table 39.5 (Continued)
Pr
A(W/m • K)
i?
(N • sec/m2)
vs(m/sec)y
CP(kJ/kg • K)
s(kJ/kg • K)
Ai(kJ/kg)
i/
(m3/kg)
7(K)
0.7170.7170.7170.7180.7180.7170.7170.7170.7170.7170.7170.7170.7170.7170.7170.7170.7170.7180.7180.7180.7190.7190.7200.720
0.08630.08870.09110.09340.09580.09810.10040.10270.10500.10720.10940.11160.11380.11590.11800.12000.12200.12400.12600.12790.12980.13170.13360.1354
5.19.-55.31 -55.42.-S5.54.-55.66.-55.77.-55.8S.-55.99.-56.10.-56.21 -56.32.-S6.43.-56.S3.-56.64.-S6.74.-S6.S4.-56.95.-S7.05.-57.15.-57.25.-S7.35.-57.44.-57.54.-S7.64 -5
714.4726.9739.2751.3763.2775.0786.5797.9809.1820.2831.1841.9852.6863.1873.5883.8894.0904.0914.0923.8933.5943.2952.7962.2
.317.315.313.311.309.308.306.305.303.302.301.300.299.298.297.296.295.294.293.293.292.291.291.290
.193.199.204.210.215.220.225.229.233.237.241.245.248.252.255.258.260.263.265.268.270.273.275.277
8.48308.52658.56868.60968.64938.68808.72568.76228.79798.83278.86678.89988.93228.96388.99489.02519.05479.08379.11219.13999.16729.19409.22039.2460
1152.31212.21272.31332.71393.31454.21515.31576.71638.21700.01762.01824.11886.41948.92011.62074.42137.32200.42263.62327.02390.52454.02517.72581.5
The notation 1.33.-5 signifies 1.33 X 10~5
Trang 12Table 39.6 Thermophysical Properties of the U.S Standard Atmosphere9
aZ = geometric attitude; H = geopotential attitude; p = density; g = acceleration of gravity;
vs = velocity of sound Condensed and in some cases converted from U.S Standard Atmosphere
1976, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and National Aeronautics and Space ministration, Washington, DC Also available as NOAA-S/T 76-1562 and Government Printing OfficeStock No 003-017-00323-0
Trang 13Ad-Table 39.7 Thermophysical Properties of Condensed and Saturated Vapor Carbon Dioxide from 200 K to the Critical Point3
Prandtl NumberLiquid Vapor
ViscosityLiquid Vapor
ThermalConductivityLiquid Vapor
Specific Heat (cp)Specific Entropy
Specific EnthalpySpecific Volume
Vapor
densedbVapor
densedbVapor
densed*'Vapor
densedb
Con-P
(bar)
7(K)
.96 0.96.93 0.97.87 0.98.84 0.99.82 1.01.80 02.80 04.82 06.84 08.89 121.98 1.172.12 1.232.32 1.322.57 1.442.90 1.563.35 1.684.1 1.8
2.10 0.1161.86 0.1181.75 0.1201.64 0.1221.54 0.1251.45 0.1281.36 0.1311.28 0.1341.21 0.1371.14 0.1401.08 0.1441.02 0.1500.96 0.1570.91 0.1670.86 0.1780.79 0.1910.71 0.2070.60 0.226
0.182 0.0110.178 0.0120.171 0.0120.164 0.0130.160 0.0130.156 0.0140.148 0.0150.140 0.0160.134 0.0170.128 0.0180.122 0.0190.116 0.0200.109 0.0220.102 0.0240.095 0.0280.088 0.0330.081 0.0420.074 0.065
0.9580.985.02.06.10.15.20.26.34.431.541.661.812.062.402.90
1.7071.7611.8201.8791.9061.9331.9591.9922.0382.1252.2372.4102.6342.8873.2033.7244.68
4.4394.3794.3194.2644.2504.2504.2324.2044.1784.1524.1284.1034.0794.0564.0324.0073.9813.9543.9253.8913.8543.8033.7423.558
1.6201.6521.6821.7211.7362.6562.6842.7232.7632.8022.8422.8822.9232.9643.0053.0473.0893.1323.1763.2203.2713.3173.3933.558
728.3730.0730.9731.3731.5731.5733.1735.1736.7737.9738.9739.4739.6739.4738.7737.4735.6732.8729.1723.5716.9706.3690.2636.6
164.8171.5178.2185.0187.2386.3392.6401.8411.1420.5430.2440.1450.3460.8471.6482.8494.4506.5519.2532.7547.6562.9585.4636.6
0.23620.16220.11350.08040.07180.07180.06240.05150.04280.03570.03000.02530.02140.01820.01550.01320.01130.00970.00820.00700.00580.00470.00370.0021
0.0006440.0006490.0006540.0006590.0006610.0008480.0008570.0008710.0008860.0009010.0009180.0009360.0009550.0009770.0010000.0010260.0010560.0010910.0011300.0011760.0012410.0013220.0014700.002145
"Specific volume, m3/kg; specific enthalpy, kJ/kg; specific entropy, kJ/kg • K; specific heat at constant pressure, kJ/kg • K; thermal conductivity, W/m • K; viscosity, 10 4 Pa
• sec Thus, at 250 K the viscosity of the saturated liquid is 1.28 X 10~4 N • sec/m2 = 0.000128 N- sec/m2 = 0.000128 Pa • sec The Prandtl number is dimensionless
* Above the solid line the condensed phase is solid; below the line, it is liquid
cCritical point
Trang 14Table 39.8 Thermophysical Properties of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide at 1 Bar Pressure9
T(K)
v (m3/kg) 0.5639 0.6595 0.7543 0.8494 0.9439 1.039 1.133 1.228 1.332 1.417 1.512 1.606 1.701 1.795 1.889
h (kJ/kg) 809.3 853.1 899.1 947.1 997.0 1049 1102 1156 1212 1269 1327 1386 1445 1506 1567s(kJ/kg-K) 4.860 4.996 5.118 5.231 5.337 5.435 5.527 5.615 5.697 5.775 5.850 5.922 5.990 6.055 6.120cp(kJ/kg-K) 0.852 0.898 0.941 0.980 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.168 1.187 1.205 1.220 1.234A(W/m-K) 0.0166 0.0204 0.0243 0.0283 0.0325 0.0364 0.0407 0.0445 0.0481 0.0517 0.0551 0.0585 0.0618 0.0650 0.0682ju(10-4Pa-sec) 0.151 0.175 0.198 0.220 0.242 0.261 0.281 0.299 0.317 0.334 0.350 0.366 0.381 0.396 0.410
Pr 0.778 0.770 0.767 0.762 0.755 0.750 0.742 0.742 0.742 0.742 0.742 0.742 0.742 0.743 0.743
av — specific volume; h = enthalpy; s = entropy; cp = specific heat at constant pressure; A = thermal conductivity; 17 = viscosity (at 300 K the gas viscosity is 0.0000151N- sec/m2 = 0.0000151 Pa- sec); Pr - Prandtl number