Experience idea relative clause and applying excercises

To do relative clause Tests well, students have to make sure of the main points related to relative pronouns and relative clause in English.. The aims of research When write this topic,

I Reason for choosing the topic of research

School year 2012- 2013 is the year of continuing applying multiple choice tests for English in the general certificate secondary examination and the entrance examination

of Training & Education Ministry In 7 year- English Textbook, relative clause is one of the important parts of knowledge which has been using in the GCSE and the entrace exams To do relative clause Tests well, students have to make sure of the main points related to relative pronouns and relative clause in English Therefore, I choose the topic

" Relative clause and applying excercises" which is my teaching experience initiative

II The aims of research

When write this topic, I would like to give my modest opinions about the main points related to reative clause in English which can be uesd as a reference for teachers in helping students prepare for the next examninations

III The object of research

In the 7 year- English Textbook, relative clauses have been applied to teach in 10 and 11 form In my topic, I only concentrate on some theories and excersies of relative clauses, for example structures, usage and some kind of relative clause tests in English which help students be sure of basic and advanced knowledge about relative clauses

Therefore, students can do relative clause excercises better

IV The scope of topic

The limitation of the topic is around the teaching and learning method of English relative clauses for teachers and students in 10, 11and 12 form at Quy Hop N02 Upper secondary school However, this topic is applied for students at class 12A3, 12A5 and 12C3 in priority

V The researching methods

I do the research based on these things:

- Teaching practice

- Relative clause references

- Colleague opinions

CONTENT

I The fact of students' ability in High school

Through the grammar tests students did we realised that they aren't good at language knowledge and skills, especially grammar points which is shown on the table below:

Level

Class

Use fluently know how to use not know how to use

12 A3 11/ 38 = 29% 8/ 38 =21% 19/ 38 = 50 %

12 A5 11/ 37 = 29,7% 6/ 37 = 16,3% 20/ 37 = 54%

12 C3 7/ 33 = 21% 6/ 33 = 18% 30/ 33 = 61%

Usual mistakes

1) Don't differentiate relative pronouns and relative adverbs.

2) Get confused between subject and object pronouns.

3) Don't know how to use defining clause and non-defining clause.

4) Can't do combining sentence excercises using relative pronouns.

5) Be bad at vocabulary.

In the 10the and 11th form, students learnt about relative clauses and they continue learning this point in 12the form, however, they are still not good at the grammar point they learnt

Moreover, it is becoming harder and harder for students in remote and mountainous areas

II Main causes

We have asked students to answer two questions since the begining of this school year: which subject do you like best? Why or why not? We realise that 80% of students like learning gymnasium, technology, history and biology Only 20% of students like English subject but they don't really care about it Therefore, they don't spend their time studying English or reading references about English to have more skills and techniques In English lessons, they almost look forward to being explained, translated new words and excercises or they completely depend on other good students who can help them rewrite excercises

Located in remote and mountainous area with low living standard and spirit, outdated habits and customs, and limited cultural exchanges As a result, most of students' parents hardly care about their children's schooling even though they leave their children's education to school without caring Besides, some of them still think that learning Vietnamese is not enough so how their children can learn English However, some of students like English but their levels are different and they don't have good methods of learning English, therefore, students become lazier because their knowledge is worse and worse when they study farther and farther

+) 85% of students don't revise the knowledge they learnt during the summer holidays so that they almost forget everything

+) Bad at vocabulary is the rason why students use wrong words and making meaningless sentences 30% of students can't remember even 50 English words

+) 50% of students don't know how to write a passage in English with their familiar words

+) Most of students can't remember English strutures that they learnt at 10th and 11th form

III The method of teaching students to practise language skills

Firstly, teachers have to help students realise how important learning a foreign language is in general and learning English in particular, especially, help them feel interested in doing excercises more efficently Moreover, the lessons must be suitable for every student Besides, teachers should use good methods to help students study better For bad students, teachers have to tutor them at school or at home Finally, the school should open extra courses in summer holidays and classify them into different levels such as weak, medium and good level in different classes

Part1: Some main points of pronouns and relative clause

There are two kind of sentences:

- single sentence: one clause includes one subject and verbs

- complex sentence: one main clause combine one subordinate clause with a

pronoun There are three kind of clauses:

+ Defining clauses

+ Non-defining clauses

+ Connective clauses

In basic English Textbook, students learn three kind of relative clauses like defining clause, non-defining clause and connective clause In my topic, I would like to

provide students main points of reative clauses in order to help them do all kind of relative clause excercises Therefore, they have to catch up some following main points:

A DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING CLAUSE

I Definition.

Defining clause is used after non defining noun, it add important information for noun before and it can't be omitted

Ex: The man who told me this refused to give me his name

In this sentence “who told me this” is relative clause

II Usage

Relative clause is used after:

+ The + Noun

+ A/AN + Noun

+ Plural nouns without "the"

+ Pronouns ( all, none, anybody, those….) Ex: The book is about a girl who falls in love

III Forms of pronouns

That

Who/ Whom That

Whose

That

Which That

Whose

Of Which

1 Pronouns for person: Who/ That.

a Subject.

Who: is used to replace for nouns of person ( he,she, we , you, they) and used as subject in subordinate clause Who = That

Ex1: The man is friendly He lives next door

->The man who lives next door is friendly.

Ex2: We know a lot of people They live in London

-> We know a lot of people who live in London.

When " Who/ That /Which" is object, we can leave relative pronoun

Ex: The woman was away on holiday

I wanted to see the woman

-> The woman who I wanted to see was away on holiday.

Or -> The woman I wanted to see was away on holiday.

b Object of verbs: Whom/ Who/ That.

We often use " who, that" in speaking while "whom" in writing We can omit "whom"

in informal language

Ex: The man whom I saw told me to come back today

Or The man I saw told me to come back today

Pronoun " Whom" : replace for noun of person in subordinate clause We can replace

"who,whom" with "that" or obmit it

Ex: The boy is my son You see him at the door

->The boy whom you see at the door is my soon.

Pronoun " whom/ who": refer to noun of person and used as object for preposition in subordinate clause We can converse prepositon before pronouns "whom" but not apply for "that"

Ex: The man is their teacher They are talking to him

-> The man who(m)/ that they are talking to is their teacher.

->The man they are talking to is their teacher.

->The man to who(m) they are talking is their teacher.

c Possession: Whose.

Whose: replace for possessive adjective ( his, her, their )

Ex1: We saw some people.Their car had broken down

->We saw some people whose car had broken.

Ex2: A widow is a woman Her husband is dead

->A widow is a woman whose husband is dead.

Ex 3: What’s the name of the man? His car you borrowed

->What’s the name of the man whose car you borrowed?

2 Pronouns for thing.

a Subject: Which/ That.

Which: is used to replace for nouns of person and used as subject in subordinate clause Which = That

Ex1: Tom bought a house It has a bedroom and a kitchen

->Tom bought a house which has bedroom and a kitchen.

Ex 2: Can you see my pen? It’s lying on that table

->Can you see my pen which is lying on that table?

b Object of verbs.

Pronoun "which": replace for noun of thing, use as object in subordinate clause We can replace "which" with "that" or omit it

Ex1: The book is mine You see it on the table

- >The book which (that) you see on the table is mine.

Which is not used after: all, everything, little, much, none, no, double comparision

Ex : - All the apples that fall are eaten by the pigs

- This is the best hotel (that) I know

c Object of preposition.

Structure: Pre.p + Which

Or: which + S+V + pre.p

We can use "which, that" or obmit

Ex: The book is very interesting You are talking about it.

->The book about which you are talking is very interesting.

->The book which you are talking about is very interesting.

B NON- DEFINING CLAUSE

I Definition

Non-defining relative clause is set after nouns which are definited The information in these clauses is not essential It tells us more about someone or something, but it does not help us to identify them or it Non-defining relative clauses are always separated from the rest of the sentence by commas The commas have a similar function to brackets:

Ex: - The man , whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike

- This is Mrs Jones, who helped me last week

- Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar

II Usage.

Non-defining relative clauses can be used after the following nouns:

+ Proper nouns

+ Demonstrative pronouns: this , that, these , those

+ Possessive adjective: my, his ,her…

+ Predetermine and complement

III Relative pronouns in non-defining clauses

1 Relative pronouns for person.

a Subject : Who.

Only use " Who".

Ex1: My teacher has a lot of experiences He has been teaching for 10 years ->My teacher, who has been teaching for 10 years, has a lot of experiences.

Ex2 I passed the letter to Petter He was sitting beside me

-> I passed the letter to Petter , who was sitting beside me.

b Object: Whom/ Who.

You cannot leave out the relative pronoun, even when it is the object of the verb

in the relative clause: Whom is true form though Whom is sometimes used in dialogues.

Ex1: Peter turned out to be innocent Everyone suspected him

-> Peter, whom everyone suspected ,turned out to be innocent.

Ex 2: She introduced me to her husband I hadn’t met him before

-> She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before

c Object of preposition: Whom.

Pronouns can't be omitted The preposition in these clauses can go at the end of the clause This pattern is often used in spoken English, but in written or formal English you can also put the preposition before the pronoun:

Ex1 : Mr Lam was very generous about overtime payments I was working for him

-> Mr Lam, for whom I was working , was very generous about overtime payments.

Or -> Mr Lam , who I was working for , was very generous about overtime payment.

Ex2 : Peter was fitter than me I played tennis with him on Sunday

-> Peter , with whom I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me.

Or -> Peter , whom I played tennis with on Sunday , was fitter than me.

2 Relaive pronouns for thing : Which.

a Subject : Which

We can't use "that"

Ex: We stayed at the Hanoi hotel Long recommened it to us

->We stayed at the Hanoi hetel, which Long recommened to us.

b Object: Which.

We can't use "that" or omit "which".

Ex : These books will give you all the information you need

You can get them at any bookshop

-> These books, which you can get at any bookshops, will give you all the

information you need.

c Object of preposision: which

Preposision can stand before pronouns or at the end of the sentence

Ex : His house is now worth 10.000$ He paid for it 5.000$

-> His house, for which he paid 5.000$ , is now worth 10.000$.

d Possession : Whose/ of which.

Whose: is used for both person and thing

Of which: can be used for thing but it is not usual in formal English

Ex : His house was a depressing right Its windows were all broken

->His house , whose windows were all broken.

Notes

- In non-defining clauses, you cannot use 'that' instead of who, whom or which

- You cannot leave out the relative pronoun, even when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause

- The preposition in these clauses can go at the end of the clause

- Non-defining clauses can be introduced by expressions like all of, many of + relative pronoun:

Person Thing

half of + whom + which

C MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ LIÊN HỢP / NỐI TIẾP.

I Định nghĩa

Mệnh đề quan hệ liên hợp dùng để giải thích cho cả một câu, trường hợp này chỉ dùng đại từ quan hệ which và dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề Mệnh đề này luôn đứng cuối câu

Ex1: Students are often afraid of exams, which is easy to understand

Ex 2: It rained very heavily, which prevented my going out

Phần 2 : Một số dạng bài tập cơ bản

Đối với mệnh đề quan hệ, chúng ta có một số dạng bài tập cơ bản sau, gồm cả tự luận

và trắc nghiệm

Dạng 1: Điền đại từ quan hệ thích hợp vào chỗ trống

Đây là dạng bài tập yêu cầu học sinh phải nắm được cách dùng các đại từ quan hệ, chức năng , dùng cho người hay cho vật và dùng trong các loại mệnh đề quan hệ khác nhau thì dùng đại từ quan hệ nào thì thích hợp Học sinh có thể áp dụng những kiến thức đã được cung cấp ở trên để làm dạng bài tập này

Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành những câu sau:

1 It rained all the time, …… was a great pity

2 She married a man ………… she met on a bus

3 I’m sure I know the person ………… served us.

4 The Red Lion is the pub in ……… we met for a drink

5 The letter that I opened ……… wasn’t for me

6 I’m working on a firm ……… main office is in London

7 Natasha, ……… flat was burgled, spent the night at a friend’s house

8 Students ……… get below-average exam results do not have the best prospects

9 We passed the shops ………… windows were decorated for Christmas

10 I don’t agree with ……… you have just said

11 The man to ……… She is married has been married twice before

12 That’s the house … I was born

13.Tom……….is a monitor of the class, is also the captain of the football

14 I saw the man……….owns that car walking towards the shop

15 The street…………leads to my school is very narrow

16 Bring me the clock……… is over there