Tài liệu OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR 75 pptx

OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR 75 SOME STRUCTURES WITH THE ING-FORM A Two actions at the same time All afternoon Claire lay in a hammock reading a magazine.. When two things are happening at t

OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR

75 SOME STRUCTURES WITH THE ING-FORM

A Two actions at the same time

All afternoon Claire lay in a hammock reading a magazine

When two things are happening at the same time, we can use a main verb

(lay) and an ing-form (reading)

Here are some more examples

We had to stand in a queue waiting for the bank to open

You can t sit watching television all day All afternoon, Vicky lay on the sofa

thinking about life

We can also use this structure when one action comes in the middle of

another We use the ing-form for the

longer action

Matthew injured his knee doing gymnastics (= He injured his knee while he

was doing gymnastics.)

I went to sleep listening to the radio

B One action after another

When there are two short actions, one straight after the other, we can use an ing-form for the first action

Opening the bottle, Mike poured the drinks (= He opened the bottle and

then poured the drinks.)

Turning right into Madison Avenue, the car drove north for two blocks

We can also use the perfect ing-form

Having opened the bottle, Mike poured the drinks (= After opening the

bottle, Mike poured the drinks.)

If either of the actions is long, we must use the perfect

Having photocopied all the papers, Sarah put them back in the file

Having repaired the car, Tom took it out for a road test NOT

Repairing the car, Tom took it-out for a road test

These patterns are typical of written English In spoken English, to talk about one action after another we use

a sentence like this

Tom repaired the car and then took it out for a road test

C The ing-form saying why

We can use the ing-form to give a reason

The fans queued for hours, hoping to get tickets (= They queued

for hours because they hoped to get tickets.) Being the youngest

child, Natasha was her father's favourite Not knowing the way, I

had to ask for directions

We can also use the perfect ing-form to give a reason

Having spent all his money, Daniel couldn't afford a new jacket We

decided not to travel, having heard the terrible weather forecast

75 EXERCISES

1 One action in the middle of another (A)

Say what accidents these people had Use these phrases: lift weights, light a fire, open a tin, run, ski

Put the verbs describing the longer action in the -ing form

► Harriet burnt her hand lighting a fire

1 Matthew ……… 3 Vicky

………

2 David ……… 4 Trevor

………

2 One action after another (B)

Rewrite the sentences about a detective Begin with an ing-form, e.g doing

or having done

Mitchell picked up the phone and dialled a number He let it ring for five long minutes and then slowly

replaced the receiver He took a gun out of the drawer and put it in his

briefcase He left the office and then

had to wait a while for the lift He reached the ground floor and hurried outside to a taxi The taxi driver

pulled out a gun and shot Mitchell

? Picking up the phone, Mitchell dialled a number

? Having let it ring for five long minutes, he slowly replaced the receiver

1

2

………

………

3

………

………

4

………

………

………

3 The ing-form saying why (C)

Match the two parts and join them using an ing-form, e.g doing or having done

? Because she didn't want to be late, Harriet turned on the heating

? As she had worked hard all day, Andrew took it back to the library

1 Because he had studied the map, Daniel found it hard to communicate

2 She felt cold, so Vicky ran to the bus stop

3 Because he didn't know French, Trevor knew which way to go

4 He had finished the book, so Sarah was exhausted

? Not wanting to be late, Vicky ran to the bus stop

? Having worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted

1

2

3

………

………

………

4

………

………

………