Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol II by A.K. Singhal, U.K. Singhal (2018) Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol II by A.K. Singhal, U.K. Singhal (2018) Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol II by A.K. Singhal, U.K. Singhal (2018) Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol II by A.K. Singhal, U.K. Singhal (2018) Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol II by A.K. Singhal, U.K. Singhal (2018)
Trang 1Includes 3 Sample Papers, 3 Mock Tests, and Solved Previous Years’ Papers for Practice Structured as per NCERT curriculum 3000+ MCQs included chapter-wise
Includes 2 Sample Papers, 3 Mock Tests, and Solved Previous Years’ Papers for Practice Structured as per NCERT curriculum 3000+ MCQs included chapter-wise
Size: 203x254mm Spine: 31mm ISBN: 9789332586222 Title Sub Title Edition Authors / Editors Name With CD Red Band Territory line URL Price mQuest
Objective Biology is a huge repository of strategic questions which are framed in line with several medical
entrance examinations This book is a primary resource for NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Examination Test)
which is the most competitive examination in India This title focus on the general trend of topic coverage and the
patterns in which questions are asked in the entrance examination Previous Years, questions (2000-2017) from
both NEET and AIIMS have been included chapter-wise for, effective preparation.
Structured as per class XI and XII syllabus
of NCERT
AIIMS and other similar exams
A.K Singhal | U.K Singhal
Objective Chemistry for NEET- Volume II is part of a two
volume set, which is designed to help students recapitulate the concepts within a given time period Written in a lucid
language, the book aims to provide clarity on all the concepts through meticulously selected practice questions along with
questions from previous years’ papers It also lays emphasis on the recent trends in topical coverage and the latest question
paper pattern as appeared in the NEET examination This book would also be useful for other medical entrance examinations
like AIIMS, JIPMER etc.
Structured as per class XI and XII syllabus of NCERT; updated chapter synopsis in line with NCERT
Chapter-wise NCERT Exemplar questions along with a set of solved examples
Assertion and Reason questions to aid in preparing for AIIMS and other similar examinations
Previous years question embedded in every chapter with additional practice questions.
Mock tests and sample papers for students' self-practice
Includes latest NEET solved paper for practice
More than 3000 solved questions in the book
Trang 2Pearson is the world’s learning company, with presence across 70 countries worldwide Our unique insights and world-class expertise comes from a long history of working closely with renowned teachers, authors and thought leaders, as a result of which,
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About Pearson
Trang 4■ iii
OBJECTIVE CHEMISTRY
Dr A.K Singhal U.K Singhal
(National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test)
and Other Medical
Entrance Examinations
Volume II
Trang 5Copyright © 2017 Pearson India Education Services Pvt Ltd
Published by Pearson India Education Services Pvt Ltd, CIN: U72200TN2005PTC057128,formerly known as TutorVista Global Pvt Ltd, licensee of Pearson Education in South Asia
No part of this eBook may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without thepublisher’s prior written consent
This eBook may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version The publisherreserves the right to remove any material in this eBook at any time
ISBN 978-93-325-8622-2
eISBN 978-93-528-6229-0
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Trang 6Dedicated to
My Grand Parents, Parents and Teachers
Trang 8Preface xi
Acknowledgements xii
Chapter 1 Solid State
General Properties 1.1
Bragg’s Equation 1.2
Mathematical Analysis of Cubic System 1.5
Packing of Constituents in Crystals 1.8
Imperfections in Solids 1.10
Magnetic Properties of Solids 1.12
Electrical Properties of Solids 1.13
Some Commercial Cells 3.15
Rusting or Corrosion of Metal 3.18
Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics
Rate of Reaction 4.1 Collision Theory 4.3 Elementary and Complex Reactions 4.5
Order of Reaction 4.5 Some Important Graphs 4.9
Chapter 5 Surface Chemistry
Metallurgy of Iron 6.7 Metallurgy of Copper 6.9 Metallurgy of Silver 6.11 Metallurgy of Zinc 6.11 Metallurgy of Mercury 6.12 Metallurgy of Tin (Sn) 6.12 Metallurgy of Lead 6.13 Compounds (Oxides, Halides And
Sulphates) of Fe, Cu, Ag, Zn, Hg,
Sn, Pb Oxides Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) 6.13 Cupric Oxide (Cu2O) 6.14 Silver Oxide (Ag2O) 6.14 Zinc Oxide (ZnO) 6.14 Stannous Oxide (SnO) 6.15 Stannic Oxide (SnO2) 6.15 Lead Mono Oxide (PbO) 6.16 Lead Dioxide (PbO2) 6.16 Red Lead (Pb3O4) 6.16 Cupric Chloride (CuCl2.2H2O) 6.17
Contents
Trang 9Chapter 7A The p-Block Elements-
Nitrogen Family VA-Group Elements
Nitrous Acid (HNO2) 7.8
Nitric Acid (HNO3) 7.9
Allotropic Forms of Phosphorous 7.15
Oxides of Phosphorous 7.17
Phosphorous Penta Oxide (P4O10) 7.18
Hypo Phosphorous Acid (H3po2) 7.19
Phosphorous Acid (H3PO3) 7.19
Orthopho sphoric Acid (H3PO4) 7.20
Pyrophosphoric Acid (H4P2O7) 7.21
Metapho sporic Acid (HPO3) 7.21
Hypo phosphoric Acid (H4P2O6) 7.22
Phosphorous Trichloride (PCl3) 7.22 Phosphorous Pentachlori de (PCl5) 7.23 Phosphine (PH3) 7.24
Chapter 7B The p-Block Elements- Oxygen
Family VIA-Group Elements
Oxygen Family (Chalcogens)
(Na2S2O3 5H2O) 7.64
Chapter 7C The p-Block Elements-
Halogen Family VIIA-Group Elements
Halogen Family (Sea Salt Forming) 7.81 VII A or Group-17 (ns2 , np5) 7.81 Halogens Fluorine (F2) 7.83
Hydro Acids (HX) 7.99 Methods of Preparation 7.93 Oxides of Chlorine 7.94 Dichloro Oxide (Cl2O) 7.94 Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) 7.95 Dichlorine Hexoxide (Cl2O6) 7.95 Chlorine Heptoxide (Cl2O7) 7.96 Oxy-acids of Chlorine 7.96 Hypochlorous Acid (HClO) 7.96 Chlorous Acid (HClO2) 7.97
Trang 10Contents ■ ix
Chloric Acid (HClO3) 7.98
Perchloric Acid (HClO4) 7.98
Bleaching Powder
CaOCl2 or Ca(OCl)Cl 7.100
Chapter 7D The p-Block Elements- Inert
and Noble Gases
VIII A Or Group–18 7.117
Compounds Of Xenon 7.120
Xenon Difluoride (XeF2) 7.120
Xenon Tetrafluoride (XeF4) 7.121
Xenon Hexafluoride (XeF6) 7.122
Chapter 8 The d- And f-Block Elements
Comparison of the First Row
Transition Metals through
the d-Electron Configuration 8.6
Some General Group Trends in
the Chemistry of d-Block
Valence Bond Theory 9.12
Crystal Field Theory 9.17
Organometallic Compounds 9.18 Type of Organometallic Compounds 9.18 Unforgettable Guidelines 9.21
Chapter 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
CCl4 Or Pyrene (Carbontetra-Chloride) 10.8 Teflon (–CF2–CF2–)n 10.8
Trang 11Free Radical Addition Polymerization 15.2
Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life
Trang 12Objective Chemistry for NEET and other Medical Entrance Examinations, Volumes I and II, are the
recommended preparatory books for students aspiring to crack the prestigious medical entrance examinations It provides class-tested material and practice problems which help the aspirants to understand important theories, concepts and in addition to develop problem solving skills for the examination
The author has strictly adhered to the latest pattern of NEET and developed the content in line with previous years’ papers from AIPMT/PMT/NEET and other competitive medical entrance examinations from last 15 years All chapters in this series conform to the pattern laid out in NCERT textbooks
The objective of this series is to provide the course material in a structured and useful manner that could help students prepare in an organized manner The unique feature of this series is its huge repository of multiple-choice questions that cover all important topics from respective chapters Each practice exercise is further divided into three stages: Practice Exercise I (to revise the concepts) and Practice Exercise II (to sharpen the concepts) and Practice Exercise III (concept crackers) In addition, there is a separate section on ‘AIIMS Essentials’ which is designed to prepare students for “Assertion and Reason” type of questions Witten in lucid language, the book aims
to assist students in understanding the concepts without the help of any instructor
Features of the book
• Structured as per class XI and XII syllabus of NCERT
• Chapter-wise NCERT exemplar questions
• Assertion and Reason questions to aid in preparing for AIIMS and other similar examinations
• Previous years’ questions embedded in every chapter
• Mock tests and sample papers for practice
• Solutions for the latest NEET question paper
This book has been written to pass on my fascination with descriptive physical chemistry to the next generation of learners Thus comments of readers, both students and instructors, will be sincerely appreciated Any suggestions
for added or updated additional readings would also be welcome Students can share their feedback at reachus@pearson.com
Dr A.K Singhal U.K Singhal
Preface
Trang 13The contentment that accompanies the successful completion of my work would remain essentially incomplete
if I fail to mention the people whose constant guidance and support has encouraged me
I am grateful to all my revered teachers, especially, the late J.K Mishra, Dr D.K Rastogi, the late A.K Rastogi and my honourable guide, Dr S.K Agarwala Their knowledge and wisdom assisted me in no small measure in presenting this work
I am thankful to my colleagues and friends, Deepak Bhatia, Er Vikas Kaushik, Er A.R Khan, Vipul Agarwal,
Er Ankit Arora, Er Wasim, Manoj Singhal, Vijay Arora (Director, Dronacharya), Anupam Shrivastav, Ajay Verma, Ashutosh Tripathi, Vivek Shukla, Satish Gupta (ALLEN, Jaipur), Chandan Kumar (MENTORS, Patna), Sandeep Singhal (PACE, Delhi)
I am indebted to my father, B.K Singhal, mother Usha Singhal, brothers, Amit Singhal and Katar Singhal, who have been my motivation at every step Their never-ending affection has provided me with moral support and encouragement while writing this book
Last but not the least, I express my deepest gratitude to my wife Urmila and my little, but witty-beyond-years daughters Khushi and Shanvi, who always supported me during my work
Dr A.K Singhal U.K Singhal
Singhal.atul1974@gmail.com
Acknowledgements
Trang 14National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET) is conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) for the 15% ‘All India Quota’ seats in the Medical and Dental Colleges in India The merit list of this entrance test is also used by state governments/universities/institutions for admission in the medical/dental colleges against seats under their control
Time Management
In order to successfully crack NEET, one must prepare profoundly Consistent hard work, practice and perseverance are needed to crack this examination Statistically, NEET is one of the toughest examinations in India During this examination, one must exercise clinical precision with speed since the average time available
to respond to a question is hardly a minute The aspirants should be conceptually clear in the subject owing to the negative marking in the examination A better strategy to solve the paper would be to go for the easiest questions first and then gradually progress to the more complicated ones
Regular practice of MCQs will assist the aspirants in preparing for the examination In a nutshell, hard work, conceptual clarity and self-assessment are the essential ingredients to achieve success in NEET NCERT texts play
an important role in understanding the concepts Student need to read up on all concepts/theories in a regular and systematic manner
NEET is a 3-hour examination, with a total of 180 multiple-choice questions (MCQ) to be answered The exam paper will be divided into four sections—Physics, Chemistry, Zoology and Botany Each question carries 4 marks
Time Management tips
Step 1, first 30 minutes: In order to solve maximum questions in the limited time frame, attempt the easy
questions first You may start from Physics/Chemistry Section, where some problems may be answered by comparing the units of the options
Step 2, next 60 minutes: Attempt Section II or III For a few questions where dimensional analysis fails, recognize
the proper limits of the answer and mark the correct answers
Step 3, next 60 minutes: In some problems, solution may not be obtained from a simple formula and hence we
need to calculate the formula At that time try cause-and-result method to solve the problem and use the estimation rule
Step 4, last 30 minutes: Try the difficult questions of Physics and Chemistry and revise the complete answer
script
About the Examination
Trang 15Trend Analysis from 2007–2017
15 Chemical Study of Elements 5 4 6 2 2 8 1 2 3 4 - 1
16 Tramsition Metals & f-Block Elements 2 - 2 2 2 1 1 5 6 3 - 2
Ether, Aldehydes, Ketones,
Acids & their
Derivatives & Nitrogen
Trang 16IMPORTANT FACTS TO MEMORIZE
+ R” Co H
3
R–C– O–O– C–R”
OH OR’ (l)
– R”–C–O
O
OHR–C–OR+
OH
R–C–OR’ R–C –OR’
OH++ (ii)
+ R” Co H
3
R–C– O–O– C–R”
OH OR’ (l)
– R”–C–O
O
OHR–C–OR+
OH
R–C–OR’ R–C –OR’
OH++ (ii)
– H+ R–C– OR’O
where R’ is equal to CH , C H , C3 6 5 F , etc.3
(3) BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT:
Mechanism
Trang 17xvi ■ Important Facts to Memorize
O H−
− CCN
OH
Ph C−H
O−
− CCN
− Ph
OH
Ph C−H
O
− C − PhBenzoinIMPAE = Intra molecular proton exchange
O H−
− CCN
OH
Ph C−H
O−
− CCN
− Ph
OH
Ph C−H
O
− C − PhBenzoinIMPAE = Intra molecular proton exchange
(5) CARBYL AMINE REACTION:
−KCl
CClCl
Isocyanide
R NH2 C
ClCl
+
R NH CH
− ClCl
OH−
R N C Cl+H
−
= OH− R N C++ C−−+
singlet carbene
or R – N C
Trang 18Important Facts to Memorize ■ xvii
C H6 5−CH OH C H2 + 6 5− −C O C H6 5− =C O
OO
OH
−
R C – H−OO(I)
Trang 19xviii ■ Important Facts to Memorize
O CHR
Trang 20Important Facts to Memorize ■ xix
Step 1 α- Hydrogen of carbonyl compound is acidic in character and such a compound undergoes
α- halogenation with X2 /OH- (i.e., in the presence of base, electrophilic substitution reaction)
R C C H OH− − − + R C CH− − 2↔ R C CH− = 2
−
(enolate ion) (carbanion)
OO
addition followed by elimination with OH−
Trang 21xx ■ Important Facts to Memorize
R C C H OH− − − + R C CH− − 2 R C CH− = 2
− (enolate ion) (carbanion)
OO
addition followed by elimination with OH−
OO
addition followed by elimination with OH−
=
O