Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol I by A.K. Singhal, U. K. Singhal (2017)

Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol I by A.K. Singhal, U. K. Singhal (2017) Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol I by A.K. Singhal, U. K. Singhal (2017) Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol I by A.K. Singhal, U. K. Singhal (2017) Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol I by A.K. Singhal, U. K. Singhal (2017) Preview Objective Chemistry for NEET Vol I by A.K. Singhal, U. K. Singhal (2017)

Size: 203x254mm Spine: 25mm ISBN: 9789332586208 Title Sub Title Edition Authors / Editors Name With CD Red Band Territory line URL Price mQuest

A.K Singhal | U.K Singhal

additional practice questions.

 Includes latest NEET solved paper for practice

OBJECTIVE CHEMISTRY

NEET N A T I O N A L E L I G I B I L I T Y C U M E N T R A N C E T E S T

fo r

Inclu des NEE T 20

17 Solv ed Pape r

Includes Solved Previous Years’ Papers for Practice Structured as per NCERT curriculum 3000+ MCQs included chapter-wise

A.K Singhal U.K Singhal

V O L U M E I

V O L U M E I

Singhal Singhal

Pearson is the world’s learning company, with presence across 70 countries worldwide Our unique insights and world-class expertise comes from a long history of working closely with renowned teachers, authors and thought leaders, as a result of which,

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About Pearson

■ iii

OBJECTIVE CHEMISTRY

Dr A.K Singhal U.K Singhal

(National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test)

and Other Medical

Entrance Examinations

Volume I

Copyright © 2017 Pearson India Education Services Pvt Ltd

Published by Pearson India Education Services Pvt Ltd, CIN: U72200TN2005PTC057128,formerly known as TutorVista Global Pvt Ltd, licensee of Pearson Education in South Asia

No part of this eBook may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without thepublisher’s prior written consent

This eBook may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version The publisherreserves the right to remove any material in this eBook at any time

ISBN 978-93-325-8620-8

eISBN 978-93-528-6228-3

Head Office: 15th Floor, Tower-B, World Trade Tower, Plot No 1, Block-C, Sector 16,Noida 201 301, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Fax: 080-30461003, Phone: 080-30461060

Dedicated to

My Grand Parents, Parents and Teachers

Preface xi

About the Examination xiii

Trend Analysis from 2007-2017 xiv

Chapter 1 Some Basic Concepts of

Chemistry

Chemistry and its Importance 1.1

Physical Quantities and their

Chapter 2 Structure of Atoms

Atom and Atomic Theory 2.1

Thomson’s Atomic Model 2.3

Rutherford’s Atomic Model 2.4

Electronic Structure of Atoms 2.4

Bohr’s Atomic Model 2.6

De Broglie Equation and

Dual Nature Theory 2.8

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle 2.8

Schrodinger Wave Equation 2.9

Quantum Numbers 2.11

Aufbau Principle 2.12

Pauli Exclusion Principle 2.13

Hund’s Rule of Maximum

Pauli Exclusion Principle 2.13

Chapter 3 Classification of Elements and

Periodicity Properties

Modern Periodic Law 3.1 Nomenclature of Elements with

Atomic Number > 100 3.5 Trends in Periodic Properties

Chapter 5 States of Matter

General Properties 5.1

Kinetic Theory of Gases 5.4 Ideal and Real Gases 5.5 Van Der Waals Equation 5.6 Critical Phenomenon and

Liquefaction of Gases 5.7 General Properties 5.8

Chapter 6 Thermodynamics and

Chemical Energetics

Thermodynamic Process 6.2

Contents

First Law of Thermodynamics or

Law of Conservation of Energy 6.3

Second Law of Thermodynamics 6.4

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 6.5

Third Law of Thermodyanmics 6.5

Gibbs Free Energy 6.5

Ostwald Dilution Law 7.34

Ionic Product of Water 7.34

Buffer Solution 7.36

Solubility and Solubility Product 7.36

Salt Hydrolysis 7.37

Chapter 8 Hydrogen and its Component

Rogue Element or Hydrogen (11H ) 8.1

Resemblance of Hydrogen

with Alkali Metals (Ia) 8.1

Resemblance with Halogens 8.2

Types of Hydrogen 8.3

Methods of Preparation of Dihydrogen 8.4

Hard and Soft Water 8.11

Heavy Water or Deuterium Oxide D2O 8.12

Hydrogen Peroxide (Auxochrome) H2O2 8.13

Chapter 9 The s-block Elements

s-Block Elements 9.1 Alkali Metals [Ia] 9.1 Sodium (11Na23) 9.6 Compounds of Sodium

Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 9.8 Sodium Peroxide (Na2O2) 9.9 Caustic Soda or Sodium

Hydroxide (NaOH) 9.9 Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 9.11 Sodium Carbonate or

Washing Soda (Na2CO3.10H2O) 9.12 Sodium Bicarbonate or

Baking Soda (NaHCO3) 9.14 Micro Cosmic Salt

(Na(NH4) HPO4.4H2O) 9.14 Potassium (19K39) 9.15 Potassium Super Oxide (KO2) 9.15 Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) 9.16 Potassium Chloride (KCl) 9.16 Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3) 9.16 Potassium Iodide (KI) 9.17 Potassium Sulphate (K2SO4) 9.18 Potassium Bicarbonates (KHCO3) 9.18 Biological Role of Sodium (Na)

and Potassium (K) 9.18 Alkaline Earth Metals and

their Compounds [IIa (ns2)] 9.18 Chemical Properties And Compounds 9.21 Magnesium (12Mg24) 9.25 Compounds of Magnesium

Magnesia (MgO) 9.27 Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) 9.27 Magnesium Sulphate or Epsom Salt

or Epsomite [MgSO4 7H2O] 9.28 Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 9.28 Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3) 9.29 Magnesium Bicarbonate Mg(HCO3)2 9.29 Calcium (20Ca40) 9.29 Calcium Oxide Or Quick–Lime (CaO) 9.30 Calcium Hydroxide or

Slaked Lime Ca(OH)2 9.31

Contents ■ ix

Calcium Oxide or Marble or

Lime Stone (CaCO3) 9.32

Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate or

Biological Role of Mg and Ca 9.34

Chapter 10A The p-Block Element Boron

Potash Alum (K2SO4Al2(SO4)3 24H2O) 10.18

Ultra Marine (Na5Al3Si3S3O12) 10.19

Chapter 10B The p-Block Element

Silicon and its Compounds Silicon 10.47

Compounds of Silicon Carborundum

(Silicon Carbide) (SiC) 10.48

Stannous Oxide (SnO) 10.57 Stannic Oxide (SnO2) 10.57 Stannous Chloride (SnCl2) 10.57 Stannic Chloride (SnCl4) 10.58 Lead and its Compounds

Lead or Plumbum (Pb) 10.58 Properties of Lead 10.60 Lead Mono Oxide or Litharge

or Plumbous Oxide or Lead (II) Oxide (PbO) 10.62 Plumbic Oxide or Lead Dioxide

or Lead (IV) Oxide (PbO2) 10.62 Red Lead or Tri Lead

Tetra-Oxide (Pb3O4) 10.63 Lead (II) Sulphide (PbS) 10.63 Lead (II) Halides or

Plumbous Halides (PbX2) 10.63 Lead Chloride or

Plumbous Chloride (PbCl2) 10.64 Lead (IV) Halides or

Plumbic Halides (PbX4) 10.64 Lead Tetrachloride or

Plumbic Chloride (PbCl4) 10.64 Lead Acetate or Sugar of Lead

(CH3COO)2Pb 10.64 Basic Lead Carbonate or

White Lead 2PbCO3.Pb(OH)2 10.65

Chapter 11A Organic Chemistry – I

Organic and Inorganic Compounds 11.1 Homologous Series 11.4

Functional Group Preference Table 11.9

Chapter 11B Organic Chemistry – II

Molecular Weight Determination 11.114

Empirical and Molecular Formulas 11.114 Modern Methods of Structure

Pollution and Green Chemistry 13.7

* Sample Papers and Mock Test Papers are included in Volume II

x ■ Contents

Objective Chemistry for NEET and other Medical Entrance Examinations, Volumes I and II, are the

recommended preparatory books for students aspiring to crack the prestigious medical entrance examinations It provides class-tested material and practice problems which help the aspirants to understand important theories, concepts and in addition to develop problem solving skills for the examination

The author has strictly adhered to the latest pattern of NEET and developed the content in line with previous years’ papers from AIPMT/PMT/NEET and other competitive medical entrance examinations from last 15 years All chapters in this series conform to the pattern laid out in NCERT textbooks

The objective of this series is to provide the course material in a structured and useful manner that could help students prepare in an organized manner The unique feature of this series is its huge repository of multiple-choice questions that cover all important topics from respective chapters Each practice exercise is further divided into three stages: Practice Exercise I (to revise the concepts) and Practice Exercise II (to sharpen the concepts) and Practice Exercise III (concept crackers) In addition, there is a separate section on ‘AIIMS Essentials’ which is designed to prepare students for “Assertion and Reason” type of questions Witten in lucid language, the book aims

to assist students in understanding the concepts without the help of any instructor.

Features of the book

• Structured as per class XI and XII syllabus of NCERT

• Chapter-wise NCERT exemplar questions

• Assertion and Reason questions to aid in preparing for AIIMS and other similar examinations

• Previous years’ questions embedded in every chapter

• Mock tests and sample papers for practice

• Solutions for the latest NEET question paper

This book has been written to pass on my fascination with descriptive physical chemistry to the next generation of learners Thus comments of readers, both students and instructors, will be sincerely appreciated Any suggestions

for added or updated additional readings would also be welcome Students can share their feedback at reachus@ pearson.com

Dr A.K Singhal U.K Singhal

Preface

The contentment that accompanies the successful completion of my work would remain essentially incomplete

if I fail to mention the people whose constant guidance and support has encouraged me

I am grateful to all my revered teachers, especially, the late J.K Mishra, Dr D.K Rastogi, the late A.K Rastogi and my honourable guide, Dr S.K Agarwala Their knowledge and wisdom assisted me in no small measure in presenting this work

I am thankful to my colleagues and friends, Deepak Bhatia, Er Vikas Kaushik, Er A.R Khan, Vipul Agarwal,

Er Ankit Arora, Er Wasim, Manoj Singhal, Vijay Arora (Director, Dronacharya), Anupam Shrivastav, Ajay Verma, Ashutosh Tripathi, Vivek Shukla, Satish Gupta (ALLEN, Jaipur), Chandan Kumar (MENTORS, Patna), Sandeep Singhal (PACE, Delhi)

I am indebted to my father, B.K Singhal, mother Usha Singhal, brothers, Amit Singhal and Katar Singh, who have been my motivation at every step Their never-ending affection has provided me with moral support and encouragement while writing this book

Last but not the least, I express my deepest gratitude to my wife Urmila and my little, but witty-beyond-years daughters Khushi and Shanvi, who always supported me during my work.

Dr A.K Singhal U.K Singhal

Singhal.atul1974@gmail.com

Acknowledgements

National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET) is conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) for the 15% ‘All India Quota’ seats in the Medical and Dental Colleges in India The merit list of this entrance test is also used by state governments/universities/institutions for admission in the medical/dental colleges against seats under their control

Time Management

In order to successfully crack NEET, one must prepare profoundly Consistent hard work, practice and perseverance are needed to crack this examination Statistically, NEET is one of the toughest examinations in India During this examination, one must exercise clinical precision with speed since the average time available

to respond to a question is hardly a minute The aspirants should be conceptually clear in the subject owing to the negative marking in the examination A better strategy to solve the paper would be to go for the easiest questions first and then gradually progress to the more complicated ones

Regular practice of MCQs will assist the aspirants in preparing for the examination In a nutshell, hard work, conceptual clarity and self-assessment are the essential ingredients to achieve success in NEET NCERT texts play

an important role in understanding the concepts Student need to read up on all concepts/theories in a regular and systematic manner.

NEET is a 3-hour examination, with a total of 180 multiple-choice questions (MCQ) to be answered The exam paper will be divided into four sections—Physics, Chemistry, Zoology and Botany Each question carries 4 marks.

Time Management tips

Step 1, first 30 minutes: In order to solve maximum questions in the limited time frame, attempt the easy

questions first You may start from Physics/Chemistry Section, where some problems may be answered by comparing the units of the options.

Step 2, next 60 minutes: Attempt Section II or III For a few questions where dimensional analysis fails, recognize

the proper limits of the answer and mark the correct answers.

Step 3, next 60 minutes: In some problems, solution may not be obtained from a simple formula and hence we

need to calculate the formula At that time try cause-and-result method to solve the problem and use the estimation rule.

Step 4, last 30 minutes: Try the difficult questions of Physics and Chemistry and revise the complete answer

script.

About the Examination

Trend Analysis from 2007–2017

Ether, Aldehydes, Ketones,

Acids & their

Derivatives & Nitrogen

IMPORTANT FACTS TO MEMORIZE

Most abundant

Most abundant gas

earth

Astatine (At)Most abundant

element of earth

Oxygen (O)Element containing

Elements having highest

tensile strength

BoronMetals showing highest

oxidation number

Ru, OsNon-metal having

element

LiMost reactive liquid

element

CsMost reactive gaseous

CsLowest electron

affinity

Noble gases (zero)Highest electron

affinity

ClNon-metals having metallic lusture

iodine, graphiteElement sublime on

Coolant in nuclear

Most poisonous element

Pu

Total number of radioactive elements

in periodic table

25

Volatile d-block elements

Metal with highest m.p

WMetal with lowest m.p

HgNon metal with highest

Lowest refractive index

Air

Hardest naturally occurring non metal

DiamondHardest artificial

substance good conductor of heat

agent

Element with maximum number

of isotopes

Ag (46)

Element with minimum number

of isotopes

H (3)

Element with maximum number

of allotropes

Sn

Liquid element of radioactive nature

Francium (Fr)Poorest conductor

Metalloids elements B, Si, Ge, As,

Sb, Te

Most recently elements name

by IUPAC

Ds (atomic number = 110)

Most abundant gas in

Rarest gas in atmosphere

RnLightest gas in

atmosphere

xvi ■ Important Chemical Compounds

Groups containing

higher no of gaseous

elements

Group 18 (Noble gases)

Most electrovalent

Bad conductor of

Compound with imum covalent nature

(diatomic gases)First noble prize in

chemistry

Van’t HoffSoftest form of

carbon

Lamp blackLatest allotrope of

carbon

fullerene or bucky ball

magic acidMost reactive form

of P

WhiteLeast reactive form

of P

Red

IMPORTANT CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

Cu

Ruby copper

Important Chemical Compounds ■ xvii

SOME IMPORTANT ALLOYS

1 Alclad It is an alloy of aluminium and

used in making sea planes

2 Alnico It is an alloy of steel (77%), nickel

(2%), aluminium (20%) and cobalt (1%)

It is used in making permanent magnets

3 Aluminium bronze It is an alloy of 90%

copper and 10% aluminium It is used in

making coins, trays and picture frames

4 Aluminium bronze contains 90% Cu and

10% Al phosphor bronze consisting of

94% Cu, 5% Sn and 1% P is hard,

elas-tic and used for pump rods, valves, axle

bearing and certain other equipments

These are malleable, corrosion resistant

and suitable for cold working

5 Babbit metal It is an alloy of Sn

(88-90%), Sb (7-4%) and Cu (3-7%) Hard

babbit composition is (a) Sn 5 91%, Pb

5 4.5% and Sb 5 4.5% and (b) Sn 5

83%, Cu 5 8.5% and Sb 5 8.5% It is

used as bearing metal

6 Bell metal It is an alloy of Cu and Sn

having 80% Cu and 20% Sn It is hard,

brittle and sonorous It is used for

fab-ricating machine parts and bells, gongs

etc

7 Brass It is an alloy of 70% copper and

30% zinc It is used in making utensils

etc

8 Britania metal or pewter It is an alloy

of Sn (85-95%), Sb (6-10%), and Cu

(1-3%) It is used for making cups, mugs

and other utensils

9 Bronzes These are mostly the alloys

of copper and tin and contain 75–90%

Cu and 25–10% Sn These bronzes are

mainly used for making coins, statues an

special type of utensils

10 Constantan It is an alloy of nickel (40%)

and copper (60%) It is used in electrical

work such as for making resistance boxes

and thermo couples etc

11 Delta metal It is an alloy of Cu (55%),

Zinc (41%) and Fe(4%) It is used in

making ships, bearing, and properllers

12 Duralumin It is an alloy of Al(95.5%),

Copper(4%), Mg(0.5%) and Mn(0.5%)

It is used in making aeroplanes parts

13 Dutch metal It is an alloy of copper and

Zinc and is used in gold coverings

14 Electron It is an alloy of Mg and Zn with

small amounts of Al, Cu and Mn It is a

hard metal alloy used for making

propel-lers of engines and air-crafts

15 Ferro alloys – Ferro molubdenum is an

alloy of Mo Usually the percentage of

Mo is less than 1%, but about 1.5-2%

Mo has been used for high speed steel and 5% Mo in resisting steels 6-10%

Mo is used for preparing special steels

Ferro silicon has a composition of Si 5

90-95%, C 5 0.15%, S 5 0.01% and P 5 0.05%

average composition Mn 5 78-82%, C

5 7.5%, P 5 0.35%, S 5 0.5% and Si

5 1.25%

17 Ferro nikel contains Ni 5 2.5-5% It is

hard, tough and rustless It is used in the manufacture of cables Propeller shaft, armor plates etc

18 Ferro titanium has a composition of Ti

5 38-45%, C 5 0.1-6%, Si 5 15-25% and

Al 5 9-10%, Ferro tungsten is hard and

strong and contains W 5 14-20% It is used in the manufacture of high speed tools

19 Ferro vanadium has composition V

5 30-40%, C 5 3.5%, P 5 0.25%, S

5 0.4%, Si 5 13% and Al 5 1.5% It has high tensils strength and is used for making springs, axles, shafts etc Both tungsten and vanadium make steel hard

Such hard steel is used for making high speed tools

20 German silver or Nickel silver These are

Cu –Zn – Ni alloys containing about 50%

Cu, 25% Zn and 25% Ni Nickel is used for fancy articles, forks, spoons, cigarette cases etc

Cu, Sn and Zn It contains 88%

Cu, 10%Sn and 2%Zn It is used

in making guns Gears and bearings

22 Invar It has 64% Fe, 35% Ni and some

traces of Mn, C It is used in making dulum rods

pen-23 Magnalium It is an alloy of 90% Al and

10% Mg It is used in making balance beams

24 Monel metal It is an alloy of 30% Cu,

67%Ni and 3%Mn or Fe It is used for the construction of household sinks and con-tainers and alkali-resisting equipments

25 Nichrome It is an alloy of Ni(60%),

Cr(15%) and Fe(25%) and is used in making electrical resistance

26 Nickel coinage alloy for coinage

pur-pose, an alloy of Ni(25%) and Cu (75%)

is used Another coinage alloy is silver coinage which contains 5% nickel

27 Pewter It is an alloy of 24% Pb and 76%

Sn and used for making utensils

28 Rose metal It is an alloy of Bi(50%),

Pb(25%) and Sn(25%) It is used in ing stereo metal in printing and safety Plugs in boilers

mak-29 Silicon Bronze contains upto 4% Si and

upto 1% Fe, Mn Zn and Al, but does not contain Sn They have strength like mild steel, excellent corrosion resistance and also have welding prop

30 Solder It is an alloy of 67% Sn and 33%

Pb It is used in soldering Soft solder contains 3-80% Pb and 97-20% Sn This tin-lead alloy is used for joining metal parts because of its low melting point

31 Stainless steel It contains Cr (about

11%) and Ni (about 7%) It is used in making utensils and surgical instruments

32 Sterite It is an alloy of chromium,

tung-sten and nickel and is used for the facture of high speed tools and cutlery This alloy is also used for making surgi-cal instruments

carbon, Mn 5 0.1 - 0.4% (maximum), Cr

5 0.7 – 1.1%, Cu 5 0.3 - 0.5%, Si 5 0.5 – 1.0% , P 5 0.1 – 0.2 % and S 5 0.05% These two alloys (Tiscorn and Tiscor) are high strength engineering steels

prepared by Tata Iron and Steel company

35 Type metal It is an alloy of Pb(82%),

Sb(15%) and Sn(3%) and is used for making type for printing

36 Wood metal It is alloy of Pb(25%), Sn

(12.5%), Cd (12.5%) and Bi (50%) It is used as automatic sprinkles It melts in hot water as its melting point is 688C