Tài liệu Test for SAT 3 pptx

Muscle, bone, fat, blood vessels, and bone marrow all develop in human In 1987 scientists isolated a bone-inducing protein called osteogenin from cows.. Osteogenin can make undifferenti

SAT Practice Test 3 VERBAL

1 – Until his defeat by the newcomer, the veteran boxer won most of his bouts by

knockouts and had achieved an series of wins

(A) inconsequential

(B) exaggerated

(C) able-bodied

(D) unbroken

(E) observable

2 – Bird watching requires patience as well as keen powers of , since one must sit

still for hours and remain alert to the slightest sound or motion

(A) extreme persuasion

(B) skilled concentration

(C) cheerful reasoning

(D) silent trust

(E) limitless observation

3 – Photographer Edward Weston’s work was akin to alchemy, his camera lens magically

transforming , everyday items such as vegetables into objects of beauty

(A) inexpensive tawdry

(B) mundane resplendent

(C) small enormous

(D) decorative functional

(E) artificial natural

4 – The spokesperson for the group said that the issues raised by the controversy have

that go far beyond the matter presently under discussion

(A) expectations

(B) ramifications

(C) proponents

(D) inferences

(E) critics

5 – Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain of Great Britain adopted a approach to

Hitler, even accepting Germany’s annexation of Austria

(A) hasty

(B) precarious

(C) haughty

(D) conciliatory

(E) dependent

6 – Many who were enough to witness Sir Michael Redgrave’s performance in the

role of Uncle Vanya assert that it was the of his career

(A) close scourge

(B) astute encore

(C) fortunate pinnacle

(D) hapless height

(E) lucky nadir

7 – Whenever she felt tired after work, a brisk walk along the beach amid the sea air

never failed to her fatigue and leave her re-energized

(A) humid hasten

(B) salty exacerbate

(C) bracing alleviate

(D) damp reprove

(E) chilly aggravate

8 – “Old Nick” is one of several people use when they want to refer indirectly to the

Devil

(A) euphemisms

(B) banalities

(C) arguments

(D) apostrophes

(E) eulogies

9 – Because its bookkeepers altered some figures and completely fabricated others, the

company’s financial records were entirely

(A) cursory

(B) disseminated

(C) singular

(D) concealed

(E) spurious

Choose the lettered pair of words that is related in the same way as the pair in capital

letters.

10 – ANCHOR:BOAT::

(A) sink:ship

(B) launch:pier

(C) propel:rocket

(D) tether:horse

(E) waddle:duck

11 – COLLABORATE:WORK::

(A) question:borrow

(B) clot:bleed

(C) cohabit:live

(D) synchronize:watch

(E) cooperate:please

12 – APRON:CLOTHES

(A) parasol:sun

(B) gloves:cold

(C) socks:shoes

(D) jacket:hood

(E) helmet:head

13 – PREACHER:PULPIT

(A) teacher:student

(B) conductor:podium

(C) artist:canvas

(D) performer:gallery

(E) athlete:obstacle

14 – ADULATION:PRAISE::

(A) loathing:dislike

(B) disdain:contempt

(C) scholarship:eloquence

(D) sympathy:emotion

(E) pleasure:hedonism

15 – ANALGESIC:PAIN::

(A) purgative:purity

(B) emollient:dryness

(C) humidifier:ventilation

(D) operation:hospital

(E) vaccine:injection

The following two passages discuss some notable developments and issues in related

areas of medical research.

Passage 1

Surgeons can perform phenomenal feats They

replace clogged coronary arteries with blood vessels

from the leg They reconnect capillaries, tendons,

and nerves to reattach severed fingers They even

refashion parts of intestines to create new bladders Line (5)

But surgeons find it difficult to reconstruct

complicated bones like the jawbone or those of the

inner ear And only rarely can they replace large

bones lost to disease or injury

Unlike other types of tissue, bones with one normal

shape cannot be reworked into other shapes Nor can

doctors move large bones from one part of the body

to another without severely disabling a person

term and limited Surgeons can replace some

diseased joints with plastic or metal implants, but

artificial hips or knees steadily loosen and must be

reconstructed every few years

these obstacles by creating bone substitutes from, of

all things, muscle The idea of making bones from

muscle is not all that strange Muscle, bone, fat,

blood vessels, and bone marrow all develop in human

In 1987 scientists isolated a bone-inducing protein

called osteogenin from cows Osteogenin can make

undifferentiated human tissue produce cartilage and

bone But few surgeons have used osteogenin because

defect, for instance, the entire area might stiffen to

bone if a tiny bit fell on surrounding blood vessels

and nerves

More recently, plastic surgeons have

the immediate site of a defect Flaps of animal thigh

muscles are taken and placed in osteogenin-coated

silicone rubber molds of the desired shape The

molds are implanted in the same animal’s abdomen

transforming muscle into bone Within weeks, the

molds yield tiny, perfectly detailed bone segments

So far, surgeons have made bones from muscles in

small animals, but have not yet tried the process in

in small amounts Secondly, the safety and

effectiveness of the process must first be tested on

larger animals

Passage 2

We have entered a new era in medicine In

have evolved from temporary substitutes to

long-functioning devices Millions of people live with

cardiac pacemakers, arterial grafts, hip-joint

prostheses, middle-ear implants, and intraocular

ordinary, healthy people to live longer – or, more

appropriately, to die young at a ripe age So far,

though, even the best substitutes lag far behind their

natural counterparts But the obstacles to better

devices require human testing, their development

poses a challenge to our cultural and ethical values

Although many patients volunteer for tests of

unproven medical devices, such altruism – and the

medical ethicists and others who call for more

restrictions on human testing While people favoring

restrictions are well-intentioned, their standards are

inappropriate

refining artificial organs is through experiments on

people Research using animals will not suffice The

mechanics of bone joints, for example, differs

markedly from species to species The replacement

engineering problems because of the heavy

mechanical loads involved and the range of motion

required Since there is no generally accepted

large-animal model for the human bones and joints that

evaluation is essential

In developing each new implant, the experience

gained from human testing becomes the critical

bottleneck in the experimental process In the case of

currently the main obstacle Heart implants can

sustain patients for weeks while they await

transplants These results are achieved with a variety

of devices But in other cases, the same devices can

depends less on the particular model used than on

the patient’s age, overall health, and the quality of

postoperative care

Clearly, what is lacking today in coronary care are

experience How much blood should be pumped, and

for how long? How can the natural heart be weaned

from mechanical assistance? When do the risks

outweigh the benefits of further surgical assistance?

designs until such questions are adequately

answered, and they can be answered only in human

subjects

16 – Which of the following best describes the “challenge” mentioned in line 10?

(A) To learn how tissues like muscle, bone and fat develop in the human embryo

(B) To learn to reconfigure the shapes of bones

(C) To design better types of plastic or metal substitutes for bone

(D) To find ways of reconstructing or replacing certain bones

(E) To identify the causes of diseases that lead to bone losses

17 – The author of Passage 1 expects that future experiments concerned with making

bone from muscle will

(A) encounter no serious problems

(B) be limited mostly to smaller animals

(C) be hindered by surgeons opposed to the process

(D) face enormous technical obstacles

(E) involve larger animals and perhaps humans

18 – In Passage 1, the author indicates all of the following about osteogenin EXCEPT

(A) current supplies are limited

(B) tests of its effectiveness have been limited

(C) its application can be easily controlled

(D) its safety for human use is undetermined

(E) some surgeons hesitate to use it

19 – The last paragraph in Passage 1 contains

(A) a review of current knowledge

(B) a qualification of an earlier remark

(C) a challenge to a contradictory view

(D) a summary of previous ideas

(E) a demand for an alternative approach

20 – In Passage 2, the author intends the phrase “to die young at a ripe age” (line 57) to

mean

(A) dying prematurely from an illness or accident

(B) dying young of an illness prevalent among older people

(C) extending one’s life despite being ill

(D) maintaining a healthier body into old age

(E) living much longer than the average lifespan

21 – The author’s comments about medical ethicists in paragraph 2 of Passage 2 are best

described as

(A) embarrased

(B) deferential

(C) disapproving

(D) amused

(E) sarcastic

22 – In line 68, “standards” most nearly means

(A) slogans

(B) measurements

(C) examples

(D) banners

(E) principles

23 – In line 83, “critical” most nearly means

(A) decisive

(B) aggressive

(C) skeptical

(D) perceptive

(E) fault-finding

24 – The author of Passage 2 uses the example of artificial heart devices primarily to

(A) show that important knowledge about coronary care is lacking

(B) praise scientists’ ability to fight coronary disease

(C) counter lingering doubts about the safety and value of artificial implants

(D) demonstrate an urgent need for better engineered heart devices

(E) point out several new treatments now available to heart patients

25 – The question in lines 96-100 serve to

(A) illustrate the value of new models of artificial hearts

(B) refute the arguments of those opposed to the use of artificial implants

(C) show that scientists’ understanding of coronary disease is inadequate

(D) suggest the author’s own skepticism about using human subjects

(E) indicate areas of research that have attracted wide publicity

26 – Which statement about both authors is true?

(A) Both cite the views of those with whom they disagree

(B) Both cite the limited capacity of surgeons to treat some problems

(C) Both demand an increase in the use of humans in medical tests

(D) Both mention cultural values as barriers to scientific research

(E) Both advocate a more rapid development of new implant procedures

27 – What obstacle to the wider use of osteogenin for making bones would the author of

Passage 2 probably stress?

(A) Osteogenin is likely to remain scarce and expensive

(B) Data about the effects of osteogenin on people may be difficult to obtain

(C) The bones and joints of large animals are very different than those of small animals

(D) Osteogenin is hard to use during surgery

(E) Artificial bones are inferior in quality to their natural counterparts

28 – The purpose of the last paragraph of Passage 2 is similar to that of Passage 1 in its

emphasis of the need to

(A) develop new and improved devices for human implantation

(B) focus primarily on medical experiments with larger animals

(C) proceed immediately to medical experiments using humans

(D) gather information that is relevant to the treatment of human patients

(E) curb the growing use of animals in testing