slide forest monitoring from space using sar data

Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 2Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 H V Transmit and

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Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 1

Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015

TS Lê Toàn Thủy Centre d’Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère

(CESBIO) Toulouse, France http://www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr/index_us.htm

Forest monitoring from space

using SAR data

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H V

Transmit and receive polarised waves (here Horizontal and Vertical)

Penetrate into the forest cover

Why Synthetic Aperture Radars to

observe the world forests ?

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Change in forest cover using ALOS-PALSAR

Map of Forest Degradation and Regrowth between 2007 and 2010

Vietnam Cambodia Lao

PDR

Degradation rate (% /year)

-1.09 -1.24 -0.89

Regrowth rate (% / year)

Forests in Việt Nam ~ 140.000 km2, 44,5% of the total area

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Change in forest biomass 2007-2010

Coffee plantation Attapeu, Lao

in Mg.ha-1

Acacia plantation,

Rubber and fruit tree plantation Binh Duong Rubber plantation,

Tay Ninh

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Se San 4 dam Rubber

Rubber

Change in forest biomass : 2007-2010

Rubber

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Change in forest biomass at Sesan-4 dam 2007-2010

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 However, existing systems operating at wavelength

< 25 cm (L-band, C-band, X-band) cannot be used

to measure Above Ground Biomass exceeding

150 tons/ha because of saturation effect.

Existing satellite SAR systems can be used

to detect changes in forest cover

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How the Radars see the trees?

The P-band SAR data are sensitive to woody

above ground biomass

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The Biomass mission

Thuy Le Toan, CESBIO, Toulouse, France

&

The Biomass Mission Advisory Group

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Mission Overview

GROUND SEGMENT

Flight Operations Segment

TT&C Station (Kiruna),

Flight Operation Control Centre (ESOC)

Payload Data Ground Segment

Science Data Acquisition Station (Kiruna)

Processing and Archiving Element (ESRIN)

Level-1 and Level-2 data

ORBIT

Drifting sun-synchronous Local time 06:00, 635-672 km, Repeat cycle: 17 days (Baseline)

3-4 days (Option)

Biomass Mission Elements

SUBJECT

Terrestrial carbon stock/carbon fluxes

by measurement of forest biomass

USER SEGMENT

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The mission scientific objective: to reduce uncertainties in the Global Carbon Cycle

Perturbation of the global carbon cycle caused by anthropogenic activities,

averaged globally for the decade 2004–2013 ( GtCO 2 /yr )

Source: CDIAC ; NOAA-ESRL ; Le Quéré et al 2014 ; Global Carbon Budget 2014

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The mission scientific objective: to reduce uncertainties in the Global Carbon Cycle

Perturbation of the global carbon cycle caused by anthropogenic activities,

averaged globally for the decade 2004–2013 ( GtCO 2 /yr )

Source: CDIAC ; NOAA-ESRL ; Le Quéré et al 2014 ; Global Carbon Budget 2014

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Fate of Anthropogenic CO 2 Emissions (2004-2013 average)

Source: CDIAC ; NOAA-ESRL ; Houghton et al 2012 ; Giglio et al 2013 ; Le Quéré et al 2014 ; Global Carbon Budget 2014

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Fate of Anthropogenic CO 2 Emissions (2004-2013 average)

Source: CDIAC ; NOAA-ESRL ; Houghton et al 2012 ; Giglio et al 2013 ; Le Quéré et al 2014 ; Global Carbon Budget 2014

Calculated as the residual

of all other flux components

15.8±0.4 GtCO 2 /yr

44%

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The forests play a major role in the

terrestrial carbon cycle

atmosphere and store it under the form of

biomass

The quantity of burned biomass is directly linked to the amount of CO2 released

At global scale, there is a need to know the spatial distribution, the quantity and dynamics of forest carbon sources and sinks

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Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 17Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference o Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015

Forest biomass is a key component in the

carbon cycle

Earth’s above-ground

biomass, with the majority of

forest biomass located within

the Tropics

known and is a major source

of uncertainty in carbon flux

estimation.

Biomass = dry weight of woody matter + leaves

(tons/hectare)

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P-band SAR measures biomass and

quantifies landscape dynamics

Yellowstone Park, 2003

Biomass

0

A week after burn

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The first biomass map from airborne

Relating P-band SAR data to forest biomass

Le Toan T, Beaudoin A., Riom J., and Guyon D IEEE Geosci & RS, 1992

Landes Forest, France

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La Selva, Costa Rica

Maine

Colombia

Landes Alaska

Campaigns used to develop observation

concept

Paracou F.Guiana

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Global consistency in the biomass –

P-band backscatter relationship

1 Similar power-law relationships between backscatter and

biomass are found for all forests where we have data

2 Inversion techniques need to deal with data dispersion and

differences between different types of forest

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Estimating radar temporal variations with a

ground based scatteromter

Ex: The radar diurnal cycle

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A single P-band satellite can deliver

3 independent types of information

for biomass PolSAR

(SAR Polarimetry) PolInSAR

(Polarimetric SAR Interferometry)

x

y

z

o x

y

z

o

TomoSAR (SAR Tomography)

x

y z

o

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PolInSAR provides a second estimate of

biomass using height

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PolInSAR has mapped height over tropical

and boreal sites

r2=0.94 RMSE=1.73m

r2=0.65 RMSE=4m

Height maps from PolInSAR

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SAR tomography, a new concept to explore

3D forest structure

Generates images of different forest layers from multi-orbit SAR images

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

Normalised backscatter intensity

Tomographic Processing

40 30 20 10 0

Height (m) Guyaflux tower

(Tropiscat experiment)

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1 Provides a 3D reconstruction of forest backscatter.

2 Allows an interpretation of scattering processes

3 Gives guidance to the PolSAR and PolInSAR retrieval algorithms

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Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Azimuth [pixel]

BIOMASS map at 50 m,

by tomography

SAR Tomography provides high accuracy

biomass maps up to 500 t/ha

P-band SAR image

Ho Tong Minh D., T.Le Toan et al., 2013

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Meeting Mission Objectives

1 Reducing the major uncertainties in carbon fluxes linked to Land Use Change, forest degradation and regrowth

2 Providing support for International Agreements (UNFCCC and REDD+)

3 Initialising and testing the land component of Earth System

models

4 Providing key information on forest resources, ecosystem

services, biodiversity and conservation

Secondary objectives

1 Sub-surface geology in deserts

2 DTMs under dense vegetation

3 Glacier and ice sheet velocities

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Waiting for 2020 !

Tiêu đề	Forest Monitoring From Space Using Sar Data
Tác giả	Thuy Le Toan
Trường học	Centre d’Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère
Chuyên ngành	Biomass
Thể loại	presentation
Năm xuất bản	2013
Thành phố	Toulouse

Định dạng
Số trang	32
Dung lượng	4,43 MB