Exam essentials proficiency practice tests 2 3

Question 2: Look at the words before and after the gap.The gapped word is part of an expression that means 'be very likely to get something'.. Question 4: The options are somewhat formal

PAPER 5 Speaking

Question 1:Two of the options

are often used in a military

context one option is often used

when taking about a school,

college or course; one is not

generally used to refer to a

process The correct option

means'the process of finding

new people to work in a

business or organisation'

Question 2: Look at the words

before and after the gap.The

gapped word is part of an

expression that means 'be very

likely to get something'

Question 4: The options are

somewhat formal words and

some of them are not used often

any more The meaning of the

correct word is'in that way'

Question 7: Which option is used

to refer to a single individual or

item that represents a group or

class?

Question 9: The options allhave

a similar meaning, but the

correct one can be used to

describe something that is hard

to catch or find The other

options describe things or

people that are hard to define,

describe, see or touch

Question 11:The options all

have a similar meaning, but only

onecollocates with 'on film'

Question 12: Three of the

options can be used to describe

a person who follows another

person or trespasses on private

property Only one option can be

used to refer to a hunting

1 A employment B recruitment C enrolment D conscription

3 A expendable B dispensable C priceless D invaluable

4 A henceforth B thereby C whereby D wherefore

5 A qualities B attributes C traits D characters

6 A biases B predispositions C partialities D suppositions

Scientists are excited by recent photographs of the world's largest invertebrate, thegiant squid Although (7) have previously been found in the stomachs of spermwhales or (8) up on shores, this is the first time that a live animal has beenphotographed in its natural environment A team of Japanese scientists managed tolocate the squid by tracking sperm whales, which are known to hunt these (9) animals, in the North Pacific They lowered cameras attached to a baited line to adepth of about 900 metres - so far below the surface that no light can (10) evenduring the day - and succeeded in attracting an eight-metre squid and (11) it onfilm In fact, the squid appeared to be attacking the baited line

For centuries this behemoth of the deep has been something of a mystery, withnothing at all known about its behaviour Now it seems that the giant squid may bemore of a (12) than was previously thought

7 A examples B samples C specimens D instances

9 A obscure B elusive C indefinite D intangible

10 A probe B pierce C perforate D penetrate

11 A seizing B arresting C capturing D captivating

12 A marauder B prowler C predator D stalker

ti I Ii

Question 13:The correct option

is used to refer to a feeling that

something bad is going to occur

Question 15: Only oneof the

optionscan be used to describ

hair that is thin and mess The

options collocates with 'dust'

The otheroptions can beused to

refer to smallpatchesor pieces

of colouror paint, or microscopic

insects!

With a feeling of dark (13) I returned the mirror to the shop this morning.Nonetheless, I was barely surprised to find the old woman was expecting me.'You managed to keep itlonger tha the others: she said, as Ilaid my parcel down

in the space she had cleared amongst the junk that (14) the table.'Thanks for the experience: I said, 'but I think I'd better get on with my own lifenow.'

The old crone smiled knowingly as she removed the string and newspaper and

lfed the mirror up, presumably to ch ck itfor signs of damage I had the chance tosee my face in it on last time: the same (15) blond hair with wisps of grey, mydull, tired eyes and the (16) in my brow that the events of last year had scarred

13 A intuition B foreboding C premonition D prescience

14 A cluttered B disordered C jumbled D muddled

17 A distorted B gnarled C knotted D warped

PAPER 2 writing

PAPER:3 Useof English

PAPER4 listening

PAPER 5 Speaking

Question 19: It may appear that

all of the options are correct, but

read the first two paragraphs

carefully You should be able to

eliminate one option straight

away Another option is true in

itself, but it does not really

answer the question A third

option may confuse you, but ask

yourself if the text actually says

this.

You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way withchildhood For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you thinkfits best according to the text

I remember spending whole evenings playing outside with my friends,whatever the weather Sure, there was some perfunctory attention paid

to homework in the half hour or so of the day left before bedtime, but itwas generally just consolidation of what we'd studied in class

Since then scientific stUdies have shown that play is more than just aleisure activity for children Intelligence and aptitude tests havedemonstrated that not only is play fundamental to learning anddeveloping skills, it is also a means by which the brain can grow, facilitatingits own capacity to learn, create and think That is why it saddens me toread that yet another piece of research indicates that our children don'tplay nearly enough

Children's literacy scores are in decline, their verbal skills are atrocious andthey lack imagination and creativity Is it any coincidence that so many alsosuffer from obesity and poor health and find it harder to make friends? Weurge them to spend longer at their homework, but the sad truth is that bynot playing, their capacity for learning is grievously curtailed, no matterhow rigorous their academic drive With the current focus on schoolwork,children are missing out on a key part of their development - and a greatdeal of fun

19 According to the text, play is important because

A it consolidates what is learned in class

B it is a fun way of spending free time

C it ensures proper cerebral development

D it improves intellectual performance

20 Children who study but don't play

A are less able to assimilate what they are taught

B will only improve their aptitude at spelling

C suffer from a variety of eating disorders

D find it harder to develop socially

Ii 5

Question 21 : Und e r li ne w o r d s in

the text that refer to the place

the children are exploring The

ty pe of place may not be stated

e plicitly, but th e re is enough

i n format i on i n the te x t to enable

y ou to eliminate the i ncor r ect

o tions and choose the cor r e t

one !

The Dare

been gone about five minutes by my reckoning, but I'd got muddled counting There was nothing for it but to go in after him I inched

half-squatting in the moon-cast shadows until I reached the doorstep With

bogeyman chasing me - a thumping sound in my ears that only years later did I realise was actually my pulse.

I opened my mouth to call Timmy's name, convinced now that they

had got him and whisked him off to wherever it was they spent the

' Timmy!' I croaked I waited, but it didn ' t look as if anyone was going

B a tumbledown shack

C a derelict mansion

2 The writer thought that Timmy

A h d been caught by the authorities

C had been devoured by wild animals

s e Ii ~ tips

Question 23:It m ay lo ok a s if

several of the opt i o s ar e c orre c t

but do they compl e te th e

qu e sti o n stem c orre c tly? Read

th e te x t c arefu l ly for clu es a s to

told several times nonetheless One girl in particular seeme

d termine not to hear me Iapproached h r and gently said, 'Sylvia,could you put away your paints now please ' She stopped what shewas doing and screamed at me at the top of her voice: 'Go away!'

I was taken aback and the other children were shocked Their eyes

wide with alarm, they watched me, anticipating my reaction

However, ( realised that the child probably h d to express h rfeelings at that moment, as we all do from time to time Bottling up

her anger would have caused more problems Sh might have taken

it out on another child later on, or she might grow up feeling thatsociety was treating her unjustly I took a deep breath and said: '(know how you feel! I've been wanting to say that to you lot all daytoo Now, why don't we all go outside and play, and then we'll feel

b tter.'

23 The writer was beginning to feel exasperated because some children

A were being aggressive

B were ignoring her commands

C were making too much noise

D were taking too long to put away their things

24 The writer decided not to punish Sylvia because she

A didn't want the child to dislike her

B felt intimidated by the child's attitude

C didn't want other children to see her being punished

D thought it would ultimately be detrimental to the child

3 sec o d que s tion

=~oo se the correct

Evolution and children

If we are asked to envisage an arche t ypal human being, the picture that comes in t o our minds may be male 0 ) :female It m ay be black,

w hite or yellow , bu t i will al m ost certainly be an adu l t We take it for granted that adul t hood is the meaningful part of our existence , and everything prior to it is merely preparation The old adage quoted by Samuel Butler is often cited but has not yet been fully assimilated: 'A hen is an egg's way of mak i ng another egg ' I t is very difficult for any

of us to think of ourselves as a baby's way of making another baby.

So there is a tendency in discussions about human evolution to overlook the fact that at every step of the journey there were not only males and females, but also babies, infants and children, and natural selection would never have favoured one age group at too great a cost to any of the others.

Regarding children as smaller , imperfect copies of ourselves , we explain much of their behaviour in the way we explain the rough-and- tumble play of cubs and kittens, calling it 'preparation for adult life' or 'developing the skills that they will la t er need.' That is strange,

because it is one of the inviolable tenets of evolutionary theory that what an animal is or does is governed by events that have happened, not events that are going to happen Only in describing the young is it acceptable to believe that a mammal ' s behaviour is governed by the future that awa i ts it, ra t her than the history t hat lies behind it.

25 The quotatio by Samuel Butler is used to demonstrate that

A we do not appreciate the role childhood plays in our evolution

S other animals have similar developmental patterns to human beings

C we often give paradoxical examples to justify our points

D we consider childhood to be a necessary part of our lifecycle

26 According to the writer, it is stange to assume that chidhood is 'preparatio

for adult life' b cause

A the young of many a imal species play in ord r to develop

S children are not mature enough to understand their needs

C an animal's behaviour is determined by its species' past

D the behaviour of some animals influences their evolution in the future

2

-You are going to read an article about species loss Seven paragraphs have been

removed from the article Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each

gap (27-33) There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use

PAPER3 Use of English

PAPER4 listening

PAPER5 Speaking

Peter Raven is a botanist He knows about photosynthesis,

primary productivity and sustainable growth He knows

that all flesh is grass; that the richest humans and the

hungriest alike depend ultimately on plants for food, fuel,

clothing, medicines and shelter, and that all of these come

from the kiss of the sun on warm moist soils, to quicken

growth and ripen grain

The global population is about to soar from six billion to

nine billion in less than a lifetime Around 800 million

humans are starving, and maybe two billion are

malnourished, while three billion survive on two dollars a

day

~ -By many, Raven means perhaps half to two thirds of all

the other species on the planet in the next 100 years

There could be ten million different kinds of fern, fungus,

flowering plant, arthropod, amphibian, reptile, bird, fish

and mammal on Earth Nobody knows People such as

Raven, director of the Missouri Botanic Gardens in St

Louis, are doing their best to count and preserve them

Some of these organisms are now being chased to

oblivion by human population growth at levels that

ecosystems cannot sustain

~ -There are ways of confirming species loss, even if it

cannot be established how many species there were in the

first place Look at the vertebrates and molluscs in fossil

records, Raven says, just for the past sixty-five million

years or so 'You find that the average life of a species is

two to three million years and you get about one speciesper million becoming extinct per year in the fossil record.Those particular groups are a small sample, but they are areal sample,' he says

-That works out at hundreds of creatures per year over thepast four centuries, and even more when humans,rats andother invaders started colonising islands: 2,000 specieshave vanished from the Pacific basin alone since thePolynesians got there 1,200 years ago

There are various wild creatures that get along withhumans and follow them everywhere: cockroaches, fleas,

ticks, rats,cats, pigs, cattle, scavenger birds, lusty weeds

These invade little islands of ancient biodiversity, takeover, and see the natives off the premises And not justislands: one third of all endangered plants in thecontinental US are threatened because of alien invaders,Raven says In Hawaii, it is 100 percent

Ecosystems are not static They change, naturally Theyburn, are grazed or browsed, they regenerate, flood andsilt up But left to themselves, they go on providingservices that humans and other creatures value Amangrove swamp provides a habitat for shrimps It cannot

be improved by draining it for a tourist beach, or building

a large city on it Its natural value would be dissipated 'Anecosystem itself undamaged is very,very resilient, and themore simplified it gets, the less resilient Globally, what

we are doing is simplifying them all, simultaneously,

which is a very dangerous large-scale experiment,' Ravensays

A Ecosystems, Raven says, can be whatever you like.

Hedgerows in Hampshire are an ecosystem; so are

weeds on a railway line at Hammersmith Savannahs,

grasslands, prairies, rainforests, dry forests, pine

forests, uplands, heathlands, downlands, wetlands,

mangrove swamps, estuaries, oxbow lakes and coral

reefs are all ecosystems, and they survive on

diversity The greater the variety of microbes, plants

and animals in an ecosystem, the more resilient it is

and the better it works for all, including humans So it

would not be a good idea to evict at least half of

these creatures, especially if nothing is known about

them But, Raven says, that is what is happening

B 'Then you can start with the literature in about 1600,

when people began to care enough about organisms

to be able to document them well, and for the groups

that they were documenting - birds, mammals,

amphibians, reptiles, butterflies and plants - then you

can say, "What was the rate over the past 400 years?

It's tens of times or hundreds of times the level it was

before." ,

C Global warming is not going to help, either What

happens to the unique assembly of plants in the Cape

region of Africa as the thermometer rises? They

cannot migrate south There is no land south of the

Cape So many will perish

o As he keeps pointing out, the human species is living

as if it had more than one planet to occupy Forty

years ago, he and colleagues tried to calculate the

economic cost of exporting humans to a star system

likely to be orbited by habitable planets They worked

out that it would cost the entire gross economic

product of the planet to ship just twelve people a

year to Proxima Centauri or beyond His message for

the planet is, 'Think, look at the big picture, and think

again'

e stion 2S ; Look at the beginning of the paragraph after

~ ga p There is a key word here which also occurs in the

_ ec t optiC;n

ion 29 , The paragraph after the gap mentions

" ,ani sms'; 'human population growth' and 'ecosystems'

- h optiQ[lalso mentions these key words and could fit

_7

[ But the human population is growing at the rate ofabout 10,000 an hour, and each human depends on ahectare or two of land and water for what economistsnow call 'ecosystem services' - the organisms thatultimately recycle waste and deliver new wealth toprovide oxygen, fresh food, clean water, fuel, newclothes, safe shelter and disposable income

f Valuable agricultural land is being poisoned or parched

or covered in concrete, soils eroded, rivers emptiedand aquifers drained to feed the swelling numbers.Something has-got to give, and the first things to goare many of the plants and animals

G So botanists such as Raven begin with the big picture

of sustainable growth and can calculate to the nearestplanet how much land and sea it would take tosustain the population of the world if everybody lived

as comfortably as the Americans, British or French.The answer is three planets

H There is another way of checking, Raven says,pioneered by, among others, sociobiologist andevolutionary psychologist Edward O Wilson There is

a logarithmic relationship between the area of habitatand the species that inhabit it Measure a patch offorest and count a sample of the species in it Thencompare it with another patch of forest ten timessmaller The smaller one will have only half thesample species count This has been shown inthousands of individual observations, he says Sodestroying forests piecemeal is a way of extinguishingcreatures

Question 30: The sentence after the gap suggests that the correct option talks about species loss The gapped paragraph may also be linked to the paragraph before it Question 31: Look at the first sent~ncein the paragraph after the gap It appears to be an answer to a question Can you find the question in one ofthe6ptions?

You are going to read an extract from a book For questions 34-40, choose theanswer (A,B,C or OJ which you think fits best according to the text.

PAPER2 Writing

PAPER3 Use of English

PAPER4 Listening

PAPER 5 Speaking

R ev i ew e rs and stud e nt s have e ducated m e not onl y

2about how I writ e, but a b ut wh y I write Apparently ,

I wish to cap t ure th e immigrant experienc e, to

demystify Chinese culture , to show the differences

between Chinese and American culture, to pav e th e

way for other Asian-American writers - and I have a

whole host of other equally noble motivation s

Th e truth is , I writ e f o r mo r e self-serving rea s on s

-that is , I write for m ys elf I write becau s e I enjoy

s torie s and make-believe I writ e b e cau s e if! didn ' t , I'd

probabl y go craz y Thus I write about question s th a t

di s turb me , image s tha t m ys tif y me , or memo r es t hat

cau s e me anguish and p a in I writ e about s ecret s, lie s,

and contradiction s, becau s e w ithin them a re m a n

kind s of truth In o t h e r w ord s, I write s tori es about life

a s I have mi s under s tood it To be s ure , it a Chine s

e-American life , but that 's the onl y one I ' ve had s o far.

C ontrary t o w hat so m e s tud e nt s, prof ess or s,

reporters , and fund-r a i s ing organization s as s ume , I

am not an expert on China, Chine s e culture , m a hjong ,

the psychology of moth e r s a nd daughter s , generation

g ap s, immigration , illegal aliens , as s imila t ion ,

acculturation, racial tension, Tiananmen Square, Mo s t

Favoured Nation trad e agreements , human r ight s,

Pacific Rim economics , the purported one million

missing baby girls of China, the future of Hong Kong

after 1997, or, I am sorry to say, Chinese cooking

Certainly I have personal op i nions on any of the s e

topic s, e s pecially food , but by no mean s do my

se ntiments or my world of make-believe make m e an

expe r

And s o I am alarm e d when r e viewers and educator s

a ss ume that my ver y per s onal , specific , and fi c tional

s tories are meant to b e repr e sentative , down t o the

s malle s t detail , of not ju s t Chinese-American s but

s ometimes all A s ian cultur e Is Jane Smil ey's A

Thou s and Acres suppo se d to b e repre s entativ e o f all

American culture? Do all American daughter s s erve

their t y rannical father s · th e same breakfa s t e v e ry

morning? Do all s isters b e tra y each other? Ar e all

con s cientious objectors flaky in love relationships ?

Wh y do readers and r e viewers assume that a book

with Chinese-American character s can encompass all

the demographics and personal histories of Chinese

America?

M y editor at Putnam tells me that ov e r the years i·

s he has received hundred s of permission reque s t s from publishers of college textbooks and multicultural

I'anthologies, wishing to reprint my work for Weducational purposes One publisher wanted to in c lude Ii

an excerpt from Th e Joy Luck Club, a scene in which a i i' woman invites her non-Chinese boyfriend to her ~.

parents' house for dinner The boyfriend brings a

r bottle of wine as a gift and commits a number of social •

gaffe s at the dinn e r table Students were supposed to ~.

read thi s excerpt , then an s wer the following que s tion: I!~ ' If you are in v i te d to a Chinese family' s hous e for !

dinner , should y ou bring a bottle of wine? ' M y editor ~

and I agreed to turn do w n that permis s ion reque s t ,f;

I hear that m y books and es s a ys are now on the irequired-readin g lists for cour s e s in ethnic s tudies , r

A s ian-American s tudie s, As ian-American literature , I: Asian-American hi st o ry, women 's literature , femini s t ~.

s tudie s, femini s t writer s of colour , and so forth I am

Ii·

proud to be on the s e li s t s What writer wouldn ' t want Hiher work to be read? But there ' s a small nag g ing r question that whisper s into my ear once in a while: ~:

' What about American lit e rature? ' I:

Iii

I know I'm not suppos e d to complain , or at least not Ii

too loudly After all, I am one of the lucky writers to be ii :

read, in classrooms, by the mainstream, and in !iCliffNotes I have had many readers tell me that they I read my books because they feel the stories are about 1 universal emotion s between mothers and daught e r s IBut as m y mother ha s often told me , I have an ;: attitude I have an attitud e not just about my book s ~;

but about literatur e in general I have thi s attitude r that American literature , if s uch a classification exi s t s,

s hould be mo r e democratic than the colour of y our r

s kin or whether rice or pota t oe s are served at you r t fictional dinner table And s o I ask m ys elf and ~~

s ometimes other s: Who d e cide s what is Am e rican ~

fiction? Why i s it that work s of fiction b y minorit y ~.

writer s are read mainl y for the study of class , gender , and race? Why i s it so hard to break out of this literar y ~

ghetto?

I,a.fltial tips

Question 34: What is the writer's

tone here? If you compare the

first sentence of the second

paragraph with the sentence in

question, you should notice a

change in tone and this should

help you choose the correct

option

Question 36: What point is the

writer making in this paragraph

about her own work? How does

mentioning another novel

strengthen her argument?

Question 37: To find the answer

to this question, you have to read

between the lines What had the

writer intended to express in her

novel? What did the question on

the'excerpt from the novel show?

Question 39: Why does the writer

mention rice and potatoes in the

last paragraph? Can you detect a

hintof sarcasm here?

34 Why does the writer use the word 'Apparently' in line 2?

A to emphasise that some readers misunderstand her reasons for writing

B because she had not been aware of how her work was perceived by others

C to indicate that she has not given much thought to her true reasons forwriting

D to show that she is not interested' in any of the subjects mentionedsubsequently

35 Why do some people assume that the writer is an expert on China?

A because she writes about topical Chinese issues

B because she expresses h-er views about Chinese culture in her fiction

C because she has strong feelings about anything to do with China

D because she often touches upon Chinese themes in her fiction

36 The writer mentions Jane Smiley's novel in the fourth paragraph because

A it contains untenable generalisations about American life and culture

B although it is an American novel, the reader does not expect to drawconclusions about American culture from it

C it deals with the same themes as the ones in her own novels and ispeopled by similar characters

D it deals with the difficult relationship between daughters and fathers

37 Why did the writer and her editor refuse a request to publish an excerptfrom The Joy Luck Club?

A because the excerpt would have given readers an inaccurate idea ofChinese culture

B because the excerpt might have misled readers about correct Chineseetiquette

C because one of the questions on the text showed that the point of thescene had been misunderstood

D because one of the questions on the text would have been unfair tostudents

38 The writer implies that her books

A are popular with ordinary readers

B are read mainly by academics

C are studied by mothers and daughters

D are largely unknown to the general public

39 What is the writer's main point in the last paragraph?

A She thinks academics classify American literature incorrectly

B She does not consider the way American literature is classified to be fair

C She thinks nobody is properly qualified to classify American literature

D She thinks socio-political issues in literature should not be the subjects ofstudy

40 We can infer from the text that the writer is

A an American citizen with Asian roots

B a Chinese citizen with an American background

C an Asian-American living in Hong Kong

D an illegal Chinese immigrant living in America

PAPER 4 listening

PAPER 5 Speaking

~ Her e , yo u a r e r e qu i r e d to wri te

a p r oposal , so study the

i nf o rm at ion you hav e been

gi v en a nd th ink a b u t ho w i

can help y o u to w ri te

something abou t e ach

c an d id ate Wha t ar e t he i r g ood

an d b a po ints ?

~ You will n eed to write a

intr o du c t ory p ra gra ph s ta t ng

b r i e f y yo u r pur p se fo r

wr i ting.

~ W r ite a p ar ag rap h abo u t each

c an di da te You ca n use the ir

nam e s a s he a dings Don't say

at this p oint who yo u would

r e omm end fo r promotion , but

d isc us s thei r s kil ls, q ua litie s,

JYer s ona li ties a nd

who you think would b best

for the j o a nd give your

reas o ns Y ou m i gh t w an t a lso

to s ay why you th i nk the o ther

can d idat e a re l ess suitabl e

You must answer this question Write your answer in300-350 words in anappropriate style

You are the department manager of a large international clothing franchise inwhich the position of sales manager has just opened The board of directors has

asked you to submit a proposal based on your knowledge of three candidates

wh work on your staf explaining who you think would be the most suitableperson for the position You have written the following notes about eachcandidate:

Gefs sfressed eas i ly

Mefhod i cal , paf i enf , hard-working

A bi1: scruffy sOMefiMes.

_•• I

PAPER 4 Listening

PAPER 5 Speaking

Think about your target readers

and what kind of register and

style will be appropriate for your

article.It is a good idea to write

about what you know, so ask

yourself if there are any

historical sites of interest in your

town/village/city What do you

know about them? Why are they

significant and why may tourists

be interested in them? If you

don't know any real sites in the

area where you live,write about

otherfamous historical sites that

you have visited, or invent some

Plan your article carefully and

decide what you will say in each

paragraph before you start

writing Remember:you need an

interestingintroduction that will

make yourreaders want to find

out more

This is a different kind of letter to

the onein Test 1,Part 1 Here,a

semi-formal register is probably

more appropriate than a formal

one.You will need to use

d scriptive language, as the

contents of your letter will

consist of first-hand personal

experiences In some ways this

kind of letter is similar to an

essay,although you will need to

write a suitable beginning and

ending

Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4in this part Write your answer in

300-350 words in an appropriate style

2 A local museum has asked readers to submit articles to its monthly newsletter onthe most important historical sites in the area where you live, outlining theirsignificance and attraction for visitors

3 A monthly general interest magazine has asked for contributions to a specialsupplement entitled A Fresh Start, based on readers' first-hand experience Write

a letter to the magazine, describing an important turning point in your life,explaining how it changed you and your lifestyle, career or relationships

4 You have recently attended a well-known play performed by the drama club ofyour local college Write a review of the play for your college magazine and sayhow successful you think the production was and how it compares with well-known professional productions

Esseutial tips

Question 4: The gapped word is

part of a phrase that describes

when something happened

Which word can be used with

'back'to talk about a long time

ago?

Question 9: The gapped word

forms part of an adverbial

phrase with 'at', indicating a

minimum number or amount

Question 10; The word

'consistent' is often followed by

a preposition

Question 13: The gapped word is

a very common verb.Here it is

used in an old-fashioned sense

with 'would' to mean 'want' or

'wish for'

Question 14: If you read the text

carefully, you will see that the

sentence in which this gap

occurs must have a negative

meaning The gapped word is

part of a somewhat unusual

structure, but one which adds

emphasis to the point the writer

is making

For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits eachspace Use only one word in each space There is an example at the beginning (0) Write your answers in CAPITAL LETIERS on the separate answer sheet

The Mysteries of Giza

Egyptologists tell us that the Sphinx and the pyramids at Giza (0) built approximately 4,500 years ago by an Egyptian pharaoh, but in recent years agreat (1) of evidence has surfaced to challenge this A growing(2) of independent researchers claim that these monuments may in(3) have been built as (4) back as 12,500 years ago!According to (5) the Giza pyramids precisely line(6) with the position of certain stars in the year 10,450 Be It isinteresting to note that on that date the leonine Sphinx (7) havefaced the exact location on the horizon where the constellation of Leo rose(8) dawn on the Spring equinox Equally interesting is the claimmade by at (9) one geologist that weathering patterns on the body

of the Sphinx are consistent (10) those left by precipitation over asubstantial period of time, yet Egypt (11) saw heavy rainfall over7,000 years ago

Could it be that both the pyramids and the Sphinx were built by a highly civilised racethousands of years (12) the Age of the Pharaohs, at a time when

(14) the know-how to construct such amazing structures? Ifevidence (15) surface that can support such claims, the historybooks will undoubtedly have to be rewritten

Question 16:The word b fore

the gapisan adjective and it is

apparent that the gapped word is

anoun.Youshould be familiar

with the most common ways of

forming nouns from verbs,but

be c.arefulhere - an internal

changeto the word incapitals is

also neede

Question 17:'Vary' means

'change'or'differ' Fromthe

gapped word must bea adverb

that describesthe way inwhich

girls areexpected to show their

feelings Also, a negative form of

the adverb is needed inorder for

the sentence to make sense

Question 18: You need to form

anadjective meaning'incorect'

If you donot know the word yo

p ssibilities - apar from asuffix,

youwi need tomakea

internalchange to the word in

capitals

Question19 :'Incline' can be

either a noun or a verb, but here

you need to form a noun

meaning 'tendency' If you do

n tknow theword you need,

experiment with different noun

e dings- you wi needto leave

of thefinal' e 'fromtheword in

capitals

Question 20:Theword after he

g p isanoun, so the gapped

ordis probably an adjective

For questions 16-25, read the text below Use the word given in capitals at the end

of some of the lin s to form a word that fits in the space in the same line There is

an example at the beginning (0)

Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet

Boys don't cry

Almost without (0) ,when a little boy starts to cry,

he's told to put a brave face on it 'Boys don't cry!' is the familiar

(16) ,and with this, we exert enormous pressure

on our sons to hide their emotions Girls are almost

(17) expected to express their feelings, but itwould be (18) to believe that they are bornweaker, more sensitive or with a greater natural(19) to cry Boys have feelings too

According to several leading psychiatrists, boys are morevulnerable to psychological and other problems later in life Socialpressures on them to be 'tough' can affect their(20) performance, and even lead to antisocialbehaviour This, in turn, can manifest itself in acts of violence and

(22) higher rate of suicide among young men is aresult of boys being unable to 'get it off their chest', as compared

to girls and women, who confide more (23) inothers and are more likely to seek professional help if they areemotionally distressed

What boys really need is more encouragement in their(24) years in order not to succumb to feelings ofdepression later on This will help them to become more matureemotionally and it may even lead to a reduction in juvenile

VARY ERROR

RECKLESS SIGNIFICANCE

Question 26:In the firsttwo

sentences thegapped word is

used as part of anexpression.If

you don't know the expressions,

the third sentencewill probably

h lp you Which verb collocates

with 'highly' and'of' a dcanbe

used to express what MrJones

does to his friends?

Question27:In the first sentence

the gapped word collocateswith

'party'.Youcan'have' aparty,

b t'have'doesn't work in the

othersentences.Whatother verb

can be used with 'party'? In the

second sentence the gapped

word forms part ofan

expressionmeaning'explain' In

the third sentencethe gap e

a expression with 'time',

meaning 'make time pass quickly

by doing something' In the

second sentence thegapped

word probably meanssomething

lke 'd stroy' Inthe third

sentence the gappedword forms

part of an expression meaning

'dressed upin order to attract

the attention or envy ofothers'

For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appro riately in allthree se tences Here is an example (OJ

Example:

o • We are setting off atfirst , so please goto bed early

• She had to explain the matter to me again before I saw the

e Some interesting new findings have come to

2 • The way he looks atyou volumes a out his feeln s

• Sylvia usually her mind, so she'll tell us what she reallythinks

27 • Celia and Dan are going to a party at the weekend

• The police hope the investigation wi some light on whathappened that night

• Iwouldn't tust that man asfar as I could him

28 • Ihad plenty of time to b fore my train left

• Gerald managed to everyone's enthusiasm for the film byrevealing the ending!

• Susanna, wearing a stunning black number, was dressed to

2 • In to increased dema d, the company have double their

outpu

• I was surprised to receive an immediate to my query

• The to our plea for information was overwhelming

30 • I didn't meet a interestin person atthe party

• As a mother, I know how difficult it isto raise children

31 • Children can on very quickly, so be careful what you say

• Roger tried to me out by saying he knew where I had beenthat day

• I you aren't careful, you'll your death!

PAPER 1 Reading

PAPER2 Writing

PAPER4 listening

PAPER5 Speaking

Question 32:You n eed a p h rasal

v rb form e d from the ve r b

'dawn ' , meaning ' realise

something gradually' If you get

this right, you will be awarded

one of the two marks for a

c orrect answer For the s ec ond

ma r k , you n eed to co n e th e

i d ea of cert a i n ty ('I' m su re') with

a suitable mo d al in the correct

form

Question 33 : You need a phrasal

v erb with 'down' , meaning

' r efuse an offer ' The object can

go between the v e rb and 'down ' ,

o r afte r the ph ras al verb Also,

what is th e obje c t? What i s b ei n

refused?

Question 34: You need to use a

p hrase that emphasises when

you remembered to do

so mething This p hra s e begins

with ' Not' , s o it involves

i n ersion.

Question 35: Think c re fu l ly

a out the t e ns e you need The

time is the f u ture, when we can

l o ok back on an event that had

i s beginnings in the past and

c ntinued over a perio d of

t wenty years.

For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning

to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given You mustuse between three and eight words, including the word given Here is an example(0 )

Example:

o He struggled to open the door

difficulty

o had difficulty in opening 1 =0 = I

32 I'm sure John eventually realised that we'd be late

dawned

33 That's the second time this year that Kathy has refused to marry him

down

34 It was only when the film had ended that Iremembered to switch off the oven.did

35 Our twentieth wedding anniversary is this coming Friday

will

36 They think the manuscript was written by a fourteenth century scholar

38 You cannot justify your recent behaviour with that excuse

no

39 It appears to me that Sam is miserable at university

tell

Question 40: Readthe question

carefully.It does not ask you to

define 'dramatic socia-ethical

change', but to explain whyitis

taking place

40-43, answer with a word or short phrase For question 44,write a summary

Western culture is undergoing a revolution Not of a political kind, but a dramatic socio-eth i cal change in attitude towards health and nutrition A rise in the incidence of substance intolerance and allergies, noticeable particularly among children with a poor diet , accompanied by an increase in chronic bronchial and asthmatic conditions has led to a growing awareness of the shortcomings of orthodox medicine in dealing with such problems

socio-Consequently , people have started exploring alternatives, and this has aroused interest in complementary medicine - this uses treatments from both orthodox and alternative medicine - bringing forth a new generation of health specialists who believe that we need to address the question of health through a more holistic approach, looking at a person's lifestyle and diet, and focusing on the cause of disease rather than its symptoms alone Along with a revival of interest in traditional forms of alternative medicine such as Chinese medicine, acupuncture and

homeopathy , a plethora of complementary treatments has developed in an effort to combine the best elements of eastern and western medicine, and so provide society with effective health care As alternative medicine becomes more widely accepted, it is important that people are educated about the various options available to them so they can make intelligent choices about health care.

Question 44: A l though the

r e asons why some peo p le a re

turnin g to a lternative medi c in e

may se e m more immediate l y

Unbelievably, my daughter came to the rescue.At the time, she was doing

a course in aromatherapy and enthusing over the healing properties ofessential oils With the house smelling like the perfume department at JohnLewis, I was inclined to feel otherwise Nevertheless, she gave me a sermon

on how I needed to take a 'holistic' approach to my problem, and that whatwas probably to blame was my tendency to smoke and eat too much atbusiness lunches She cited various complementary therapies such asacupuncture and herbalism as having had considerable success in treatinpsoriasis.A victim of failed conventional treatments, my reaction was cynical.Anyway, she persuaded me to become one of her case studies and Icouldn't say no Ihave to take my hat off to her; she was very thorough inher approach She gave me advice about my diet and ways of dealing withstress After overcoming my trepidation at the thought of being massaged

by my own daughter, I found it a wonderfully relaxing experience, andseveral treatments later the essential oils did clear up my skin My wifehelped me improve my eating habits and my sense of wellbeing improved

I recently made an appointment at the Alternative Centre in London, whichdeals exclusively in treating psoriasis I admit it, I'm an 'alternative convert'and no one is more surprised about it than me!

inclined to feel otherwise'

Quest i on 1: H ow d es t h m a

feel whe n h e g o es for a wa l k? He

uses a co uple of e x r essions t h at

you may not be familiar w i th.

What do you th i n he means by

'at a l os s ' or ' b g ge d d ow n i n a

mi re' ?

Question 3 : L isten f or ke y

w ord s a n phrase s What do yo u

thin k th e corr e spondent me an s

by ' do i t on my o wn terms ' ?

What does the e x pression 'a t the

drop of a hat' m ea n? If all the

options look l ike p s si ble

B not to be sent so far from home

e to be given advance warning about trips

4 According to the correspondent,

A the truth is sometimes distorted

B editors are good at selecting articles

e essential news is sometimes omitted

sseftlicd lips

Ouestion 5: From what the man

and the woman both say , you

should get an idea of what

Gordon is usually like So why

do you think the woman is

c oncerned about him?

Ouestion 7: The question stem

shows that you are being asked

for the reason why the telescope

was launched Be careful - more

than one opt i on may be

mentioned but this does n ot

mean they complete the

question stem correctly

5 The woman is concerned because Gordon

A wasn't a good conversationalist

B was behaving out of character

C couldn't express his problems

6 The man

A doesn't trust Gordon

B doesn't know Gordon very well.

C doesn't like Gordon very much.

7 The Hubble Space Telescope was launched because

A there is greater visibility beyond the Earth's atmosphere

B extraordinary celestial phenomena are only visible from space

C it can pinpoint invisible energy sources in the universe

8 Since being launched, the telescope

A has taken more enhanced photographs

B has not lived up to scientists' expectations

C has helped make new discoveries

Question 9: Key words in this

sentence are 'London' and'sold'

Listen for these words or other

words that might be associated

with them

Question 10: A keyword inthis

sentenceis'animals'.The

g pped word isclearly a noun,

either singular or plural, which

d scribes a quality that animals

possess,and that Marc wanted

to express in his paintings

Question12: A keyword tolisten

for is'Cubism' How did Marc's

work change under the influence

of Cubism?

You will hear part of a lecture about the artist Franz Marc For questions 9-17,complete the sentences with a word or short phrase

In his paintings Marc attempted to express the

I ~~ of animals, which he saw as part of nature

One of Marc's paintings features a purple and blue horse standing in a

Due to the influence of Cubism, sharper, more I ~[!U

began to replace the soft areas of colour in Marc's work

In The Fate of the Animals Marc seems to offer a warning

are depicted as drooping and dying

The art group The Blue Rider were aiming to capture the purity of style

often found in paintings by I DTI

paintings is Fighting Forms.

Marc's life ended tragically in the war in I QIJ '

when he was killed by a grenade in France

PAPER 1 Reading

PAPER 2 Writing

PAPER 3 Use of English

t· s

Question 18:The interviewer

asks Julian why he opened a

nightclub Listen caref u lly to

Julian ' s answer because he

mentions several points.

However, the question asks for

th e main reason why he opened

t h e nightclub , so listen for the

o ne he emphasises.

Question 19: Again , J ulian g i ves

sev eral reasons why a nig h t cl ub

s em ed like a good place for him

:0w ork in , but you need to

" d en tify the r e ason why it was

" d al - a pe r fect pla c e for him to

· " ork.

estion 20: Listen carefully to

-e ar what someone on c e said to

- ' m Do you think i t was a

- s i v e or negative comment?

You will hear an interview with Julian Morris, a nightclub owner For questions18-22, choose the answer (A,B,eor D) which fits best according to what you hear

The main reason why Julian decided to start his own business was because

A it was a way of overcoming his disability

B he was disappointed with his life so far

e all his friends persuaded him to do it

D it was an irresistible challenge

A nightclub seemed the ideal environment for Julian to work in because

A he had worked in one before

B his disability was less of a problem there

e people find it easier to express themselves

D he responded more positively to musical vibrations

20 When Julian told people about his idea, someone once reacted

A with a derisive comment

B in an ironic manner

e laconically

D with an expression of amusement

21 The club owes its good reputation mainly to

A its convenient location

B the decor of the building

e its disc jockeys

D the diversity of people who go there

22 Julian's main reason for calling the club Whispers was

A because he thought it was amusing at the time

B to encourage people to whisper in nightclubs

e that it paradoxically conveys the volume of noise inside

D to allude ironically to his personal disability

I 1·;· fu·· 1: c~ · ·B · · ·"· 1

~

PAPER 1 Reading

PAPER 2 Writing

PAPER 3 Use of English

Question 23: Most people would

agree with this statement , but

don't assume that the person

who says this is a parent If you

hear one of the speakers saying

something to this effect, wait to

hear whether the other spe ak er

agrees or not.

'A contempora r y lifestyle'? What

might be anothe r way of

expressing this? If we

'eliminated' the need to work, we

wouldn't have to work any more

Which spea k er g i ves an e x ample

of traditional physical work?

Question 27: Listen for an

exp r ession which means 'have

as many new th i ngs as other

people ' The speaker also uses

an expression which means

'things always seem more

attractive when you can't have

them' to make a point about

contentment.

' domestic problems ' ? Can you

think of alternative ways of

expressing 'resentful' and

'pressure'?

You will hear two friends, Jake and Angela, discussing their lifestyles For questions23-28, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, orwhether the speakers agree

Write J for Jake

A for Angela

or B for Both, where they agree

27 The acquisition of material possessions does not necessarilymake people content

28 Domestic problems are often caused by resentful peopleunder pressure

PAPER 1 Reading

PAPER2 Writing

PAPER3 Use of English

Answer these questions:

• Do you come from a large family?

• Who are you closest to in your family?

• Do you have friends who are closer to you than family members?

• How important is friendship to you?

Candidates A and B:Turn to pictures A-F on pages 132-133, which show imagesconnected with cultural attitudes to beauty First look at pictures Aand Canddiscuss how our attitudes to beauty are influenced by our culture and other externalfactors You have about one minute for this

Now look at all the pictures Each picture illustrates a different idea of beauty Talkabout the pictures and discuss how each one either influences people's ideas ofbeauty or has been influenced by other factors

Candidate A: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it Youcan use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own You havetwo minutes for this

How far do our moral rights extend?

• society decides

• no limits in nature

• until the rights of others begin

Candidate B: Is there anything you would like to add?

Candidate B: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it Youcan use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own You havetwo minutes for this

Do we have a right to improve the quality of our lives

at the expense of the natural world?

• dominion over others

• survival of the fittest

• all species have the same rights

Candidate A: Is there anything you would like to add?

Candidates A and B: Now answer these questions about moral issues in general:

• Is there such a thing as right and wrong, or good and bad in nature?

• How far does society decide what is morally acceptable and what isn't?

• How do moral boundaries change over time?

• How do you decide what to do if you find yourself in a moral dilemma?

• 1 • .

Part 3PAPER 3 Use of English

Part 4PAPER 4 Listening

1 A hatred B distaste C aversion D horror

3 A roaming B turning C riflin E"leafing

4 A emulate B envisage C visualise D embody

6 A indescribable B n ndescript C obscure D nonexistent

An old, ostensibly obsolete Thames barge has gained an unexpected (7) of life

A young couple have bought it and intend to (8) it into a floating home Thismove (9) a major change in the couple's lifestyle 'We had been feeling(10) boxed in by our small flat in the centre: says Cathy Smythe, 'but with such(11) house prices, the possibility of moving anywhere else in the city seemed amillion years away Then someone jokingly mentioned houseboats, and that gave usthe idea.'

A broker showed them various vessels and the Smythes saw potential in the barge

'We (12) for the Thames barge because of its broadness: explains David, Cathy'shusband 'It's actually very spacious below And, of course, the price was right!'

Let's hope that life afloat lives up to their expectations

10 A exclusively B extensively C decidedly D drastically

11 A extortionate B opulent C stupendous D lavish

In ed help Ican't work, Ican't sleep; the situation's getting out of (13) Try as I(14) , just can't resist opening the paper every morning at the puzzle page It'sthis Su Doku numbers game everyon 's been (15) about Although it looksstraightforward at first (16) , it's fiendishly deceptive You start with a simple-looking grid of nine rows by nine, split into nine boxes with nine squares in each.The(17) of the g me is to fill in the grid so that every row, column and box containsthe numbers one to nine You think, no problem, I'll just have a quick go Five minutesand I'll (1 ) this But oh, no! You get hooked The tricky ones niggle you and youcan't stop I've been late for work twice this week And now there's talk of themadding the game to mobile phones!

I need help I can't work, I can't sleep; the situation's getting out of (13) Try asI(14) ,I just can't resist opening the pap r every morning atthe puzzle page It'sthis Su Doku numbers game everyone's been (15) about Although it looksstraightforward at first (16) , it's fiendishly deceptive You start with a simple-looking grid of nine rows by nine, split into nine boxes with nine squares in each.Th(17) of the game is to fill in the grid so that every row, column and box containsthe numbers one to nine You think, no problem, I'll just have aquick go Five minutes

a d I'l (18) this But oh,no! You get hooked The tricky on s niggle you and youcan't stop I've been late for work twice this week And now there's talk of th madding the game to mobile phones!

PAPER 3 Use of English

PAPER4 Listening

PAPER 5 Speaking)

You are going to read four extacts which are all concerned in some way with

waterways For questions 19-26,choose the answer (A, B, Cor Dj which you thinkfits best according to the text

Yiannis Reklos is a man with a mission Born on the shores of Lake

I<erkini in northern Greece, hemove to T essaloniki when hewas foUt~returning to his village for holiday As an adult he became concerned

that the area was dying 'The locals seemed to be indifferent towardsthemselves and the environment I decided Iwanted to change all that,'

he says

Laklt I<erkini is an environmental treasure trove Relatively shalow, it

provides shelter and food for hundreds of species of widlife Yiannis

d cided to take advantage of this in ord r to bring lfe back to the area

he loved He enco raged the locals to join him in developing eco-tourism

in the region He now runs a successful business, Oikoperiigitis (this can

be translated as 'Eco-traveller') which offers visitors comfortableaccommC2 ation and guided tours by canoe, boat, bike or jeep For the

more daring there is even pony-rekking available Slowly but surely, with

cooperatio from local businessmen, Yiannis has achieved his twofold

dream - to develop the area eco omically in order to preserve the

community, and at th same time protect it environmentally Yes, he isa

businessma , but asocially aware one However as he says:'People areshowing -interest in the are a d are gaining an ecological conscience, butthere's still a long way to go before the environment is really safe.'

1 What worried Yiannis when he became an adult?

A The locals were destroying the environment

B The villagers lacked motivation generally

C There was no economic activity in the area

D People wanted to abandon the village

2 According to the text, what is Yiannis' mission?

A to provide visitors to the area with accommodation and leisure facilities

B to encourage the locals to be more active in environmental matters

C to take advantage of the area's beauty and biodiversity for financial gain

D to protect the area while encouraging socio-economic progress

As a youth I swam in the Trent - before it got filthy- hung on to rocks

in the turbulent Wye, and sampled various lakes Growing up today, it would be a lot harder For wild swimming is increasingly frowned

upon Police and local authori ies take it upon themselves to

discourage any 'open water swimming' Every year more traditional swimmin -holes and stretches of river are surrounded with fierce

notices and warnin s banning anyone from trying But this is productive; these oft-used places are likely to be the safest, and kids turnin up on a hot day will just find somewhere far more dangerous, like the canal or a faster stretch of river.

counter-At the head of the campaign for the right to swim is the River and Lake Swimming Association (RALSA) I ts website has lists of swimming - holes but the longer list is of threats to the pastime Councils gratefully side with anyone who wants to sto o en water swimming:

conservationists , sailors, fishing clubs and the rest Members of

RALSA , often people who have swum all year round in their favoured spot for years, rightly get fed up wi h being lectured by passing

policemen about how they might 'encourage' vulnerable children to swim and cause ' tragedies ' Other countries are less feeble - their citizens swim happily in remote lakes, rivers and other waterways.

Only we poor weedy British are told that it is terrible to immerse

ourselves in an thing that is n t rectangular, chlorinated and

supervised.

2 According to the writer, why are warnings against open water swimming

'cou nter-prod uctive'?

A They do not stop young people from swimming in the areas where theyare placed

B They do not make open water swimming any safer for young people

C They simply enco rage young people to swim in less suitable spots

D They discourage you g people fom swimming safely outdoors

22 The writer feels that

A the authorities are misguided in their attitude towards open water swimming

B councils are to be congratulated for banning open water swimming

C policemen should be less feeble in their attitude towards RALSA members

D the RALSA is in danger of causing tragedies by encouraging open waterswimming

A n act i vity that has been Mudlarkin

k nown to Londoners since

Victorian times , mudlarking is i n essence 'grass roots' archaeo l ogy The Thames is a t i dal ri v er , and there are areas

in the c a pital where , w hen th~ t i de is ebbing , an y one who is interested may find ar t e f acts st u c in t h mu d Over the years a c i e t tools , p i eces of p t te ry, w eapons and jewels have been w ashed up b y the t de , revea l ed as the water recedes ; f r agments of the cit y' s rich history , providing easy pickings for enthusiasts

The Port of London Authorit y is responsible for issuing perm i ts to peop l e w ish i ng to d i g the f o r eshore today They also se t restr i ct i ons on w he r e y ou a r e a ll o w ed t o dig A Standard Perm i allo w s you to d i g 7.5 cm do wn in certain areas , while members of the Society of Mudlar k may purchase a Mudlarks Digging Permit, enabling them to dig up

to one metre down The latter permit imposes fe w er

r estrictions conce r ning w he r e o e can d ig A i finds of potential h i s t or i ca l in t eres t mus t be ta k en to the M u seu m of London , w h i ch alrea d y ho u ses abou t a th o sand finds.

It is possible , however , to make importan t discoveries without digg i ng at all , for the tide rises and falls as much as seven metres , so there ' s a chance of something ne w being washed

up on the shoreli n e's sur fac e w it h eve r y t i de

2 The writer describes mudlarking as 'grass roots' archaeology because

A it i nvolves scouring the river banks at hig tide insearch of artefacts

B you don't ha ve to be a professional archaeologist to be a mudlark

C mudlarking is an easy way for archaeologists to make discoveries

D people dig around in the mud inse rch of historical artefacts

2 If you do not have a licence,

A you cannot dig deeper than 7.5 cm beneath the surface of the mud

B you can only comb the surface of the foreshore in search offinds

C you are not permitted to look for artefacts along the shoreline of the river

D you can only go mudlarking at certain times in resticte areas

Gig pulling

' G i ve w a y toget h er! A n d p u ll pul l Come on , put yo u r backs

i nto it!'

Five o ' clock on a damp A p ril aft e r n oo n , a n d I 'm s i tt i ng

sh i ver in g with four other girls in a n old , clinker - built boat i n the middle o f Bristo l docks So me we i rd d es i re for self -in flicted

s u fferi ng h as brought us her e Ha v ing dec i ded to take on the boys

in th e lo c al sea sco u ts regatta , w e f o un d o u rse l ves a trainer and set to w o rk, t h ree t i mes a w eek , an h our at a t im e T ha t ma y n ot

wood en oa r s No li g twe i g t, fi b r egl a s s skiffs for u s! At p re s ent, trapp e d i n our wo< ; > den priso n , th e at ti tude we have tow ar d s o r trai n e r i s a ny t h in g b u t warm He i s t h oroughly e n joy in g o u r

d i sco m f o rt, ye l in g at us to work har der ; a r e g ul ar s l ave d river, the only th ing m i ssing is his wh ip

1 Cursi n - for the u m pteenth t im e - my decision to join t h e crew "

1 1grasp m y oar a l itt l e too firm l y, and - oops! - catch a 'crab'

That ' s w h at you ca l l getti n g yo u r o a r st u ck un der t h e water

18 d ring a stroke , and it causes a ll sorts of problems to the other

1 0arswo m en Our trainer ' s d lcet tone s slice through the crisp evening air : ' Bowman , what are yo u playing at? Stop daydreaming and get sorted! Now , once agai n, crew : give way together! '

25 Whic word best desc bes the writer's feelings about hertrainer?

A respect

B trepidation

C e asperation

D abhorrence

26 Which phrase does the writer use sarcastically?

A 'for the umpteenth time' (lne 15)

B 'a little too firmly' (line 16)

C 'it causes all sorts of problems' (line 18)

D 'our trainer's dulc t tones' (line 19)

You are going to read an article about a chess grandmaster Seven paragraphs havebeen removed from the article Choose from the paragraphs A- H the one which fiteach gap (27-33l.There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

PAPER 3 Use of English

PAPER 4 listening

PAPER 5 Speaking

My fir s t thou gh t i s th a t it 's a lon g w ay fro m Le igh in

La ncashire , wher e Nigel Short was born I a m interviewing

him on th e terr a ce o ver l o okin g the ga rden of hi s r a mblin g

hou s e i n s ou t h e rn Gr ee ce T h e earl y ev en i n g s un b ea t s

d ow n and t h e Me dit e rr a n ea n s himm ers in t h e di sta nce.

Th e lif e of a p ro f e s si on a l ch ess pla yer i s a n ar duou s on e.

Short i s n ow f o rt y and , as in a ll s port s, a nn o D o mini t a ke s

it s toll He is do w n to t h ir t ie t h in th e wo rld - g r a ndm ast er s

ar e pr e ci s el y, m erc ile ss l y e ve n , g rad e d a c o rding to the i r

p e rformance, and Short has slipped below all those hungry

yo ung R u s sian s, U kr a inian s a nd A r m e n ia n s lookin g for

th e ir o w n plac e in th e s un H e s til l l oves - li v e s f o r - th e

ga me , th e adr e n a l n e ru s h o f co mp etit i o , bu t r e l ises h e

wil l ne ve r again mak e th e top ten.

N ot that ev e ryo ne , hith e rto , h as quit e a ppr e ci a t e d th e

a ppea l C h e s s as a n int er n a ti n a l s p rt g et s tucked away i n

tin y par a g r aph s in th e pre ss; the wo rld 's l ea ding pl ay er s

remain nothing more th a n e x otic nam es U ntil the a l l- too

-morta l n a ture · o f the s trug g le over the chessboard i s

c o mmuni ca t e d , che ss wi ll continu e t o be j a mmed , i n ti ny

p r int , b e t w een bo w l s a nd d a rt s That w ill b e S hort 's

d e mandin g job - to m a k e ch ess com e a l iv e.

-My ch ess cred e ntial s a re r o ey : l ea rn e d the g ame at

e l ev en ; pla y ed for m y sc h ol but a lw a ys on l ow er b oa rd s to

av o i d s trong o ppon e nt s; cam e third in New port under

-e ighteen championship (my s ole che ss pri ze ) N ow I play

end l ess low - grade c h e ss o the internet , against unnamed

amnesi acs a l l around the w o rl d I am not pr o mi s in g

m a teri a l

-Shor t h a s li ved and br e athed c h ess since t he age of six,

when hi s f at h er s howed him t h e mo ves He b e at th e great

V ikt o r K orc h o i in a s imult a n e ou s e x hibition at the ag e of ten , played i n the Bri t s h ch a mpion s hi p a t twelve

( def ea ting the ten tim es Briti s h champ i on Jonath a n

P e nr ose), b ea t grandm as t er T on y M ile s a t f o r t e en a nd

be ca m e a gra ndm aster him se lf at n i n ete en

-W e h a d b ee n look i n at a ch e s s w ebsite detailing all th e

e lit e g am es th a t h a d be e n pla ye d w orld w id e in the p as t

week - 2,500 of them , an yo n e of w hich mi g ht cont a in s om e

imp or t a nt o pe nin g inno va ti n ' E v en if y ou ju s t ca s t y our eye ov er the s e thi n s , spend t h r e mi n t e s on each ' H e laugh s and lea ve s th e implication hanging , b t I calcul ate

later that s pendin g three minute s s tud y in g each of tho se

g am es wo uld take 12 5 hou rs a w ee k

The 1993 m a tc h ag ai ns t K asparov wa s a wat e r s hed for

S hort , and h e ne ve r quit e climbed th ose he ig ht s a ga in ' Ge tt in g t o t h e wor ld ch a mp i on s hip fin a l was prob a bl y

a bout as g oo d as I co uld m a nag e,' h e sa ys ' It 's dif fi cult to motiv a te your s elf and it b e comes s elf - fu lf i ling Y ou think,

" Well , maybe if I work ve r y , ver y hard again , I can do

e xactl y the sa me aga in a nd then lo se to Kaspar ov." It 's a

depr ess ing feel in g '

Meanwhile , he i s optimistic abo u t t h e futur e of the sp or t

' If , a nd w h e n , s om e ne w peopl e c om e in who a re mor e

bu s in ess- minded , I think che ss w ill take off again ,' he says ' Ch ess ha s huge ad va nta ges over m a n other s ports in that

it is pl ay ed all o ver the world It 's a game for th e intern e t age, a game w h ere I can be si tt ing here in a vil l age with goat s a nd c hicken s a nd donke ys, and I can go on the int e rn e t a nd be pl ay in g s ome l e ading grandma s ter in

Ru ss i a or the Philippine s.' The w hole worl d in s ixt y- o ur squ a res.

A But h e h as a n e v en h a rd e r ta sk, w hi c h i s w h 1 h ave

tu rn e d up in Gre e e to w reck hi s fa mil y's s ummer

h olida y He h as to t ry t o teach m e to pla y we l 1 h av e

been pl ay ing ches s for a lmost fort y ye ars, and 1 am still

t r ul y hop e less Tur n ing me into a 's trong' p layer will ,

h e admit s, be hi s gre a te s t cha ll eng e

B Sh ort 's caree r was d min a t e d b y hi s r i va lr y w ith Ga rr y

Ka s p a r ov, t he pla ye r wi t h th e h ig est r a tin g of al l ti m e

Th ey m e t as j uni o r s, t h e n as g r a n m as t ers, and f in a ll

in th e 1993 w orld ch a mpion s hip Kas p ar o c m e o ut

on t o p in 1 99 3 , a s h e u s u al y had 'I h a d him on th e

rope s i n s e v era l ga m es,' r eca lls S h or t , ' but h e was

iJilcredib l yte n aciou s He s uffe r ed in a l o t of the game s,

bu t b e a u s e of hi s r es ilience 1 wa s n ' t ab l e to p ut him

out 1 di s c o vere d the re w as more t o hi s g eni u s t h an ju s t

h is openin g preparati o , though th a t i s o ne of hi s g r ea t

s trength s '

C B u t i f S h or t w i l be p lay in g l ess c h ess, h e w ill in s t ead b e

c omm e nt a t n g more a nd ev a nge li s in g o n beh a l f of a

s port th a t h as lo st it s way in re ce nt y e r s H e w ill b e

w ritin g a we ekl y column a nd occ asio n a l l onger a rti cles

on the charac t er s w h p pulat e ch ess' s fasci na tin g

w o rld.

D A ctu al y, it i s : a continu o s ro u nd of ch e ap hot e l s a nd

cut - th roa t t ournam e nt s fo r n t much pri ze m o ey.

Lik e th e ga me it se l f, t's a co n s tant b a ttl e f or s ur vival

But S ort h as b ee n lu cky H e h as b ee n l uck y b e a u se

he i s goo d : on ce rate d t hird in th e wo r l d , h e

c h all e n ge d G ar ry Kas paro v for the wo r l d

champi o s hip in 1 993 in a m a tch , pl aye d in Lo ndo n,

tha t b rief l y got che ss on to l ive n a tion a l television

E F rmer wor l d c hes s ch a mp i o Emanu el L a s k er onc e

sai d th a t give n 100 h o ur s with a n ovi ce p l a y er , h e

could turn h i m int o a n ex pert A ct ual l y, t hi s i s on e of

tho se q u t es, lik e 'Yo u dir ty r a t ', th a t i s d iffi c u l t o

s o r ce B u t y ou g e t t h e g i s t ch ess h as a c lear set of

r ul es a nd s t r ata g em s th at y ou d o 't have t o b e a ge n i u s

t o a b sor b ; we can a l as pi re to ma s t ery.

F Th e Shor t -K a s p arov m at ch was a l so a w ater s h e d f o r

wo rl d c h ess, c re at in g a s c h i s m th a t h as s t ll n o t b ee n

h ea l e d T he t w o p ro t ag oni s ts fe l o t w it F id e, t h e

s p rt 's world g ver ning b ody , o ver m on e y , a nd

o r gani se d t he fin al th e mse l ves , with a pur se of 1 7 mill io n p o n s F id e o rganised a ri v al f in a l b e t we en

th e t wo p l a y er s bea t e n b y S h rt in prev i o s r o und s, and wor ld che ss has s in ce endu red a bo x ing- s t y l e s plit ,

wi th at lea s t two p l aye r s cl aim in g to b e worl d

c h a mp io n It 's a m ess, b ut th e r e a r e h p es th a t over th e

n ext t welve m o nth s t h e w or l d titl e w i l be re uni f ied ,

s t ar tin g w i h th e F i de wor ld ch a mpi o s hip tourn a m e nt

b e in g pl aye d in Arge nti n a from S e p te m b e r 2 to Oct o e r 1 6 S o rt wil l b e a t tha t eight - p lay er champi o ns hip as c o mment at o r rath e r t han pl ay er - the

p a ch e r t u r n ed ga m e ke e per.

G Sho r t kn ows i t too 'C he ss is inher en y a di f fi c u l

ga m e,' h e ca uti o s m e 'T h e r e a r e n ' t a n y ve r y easy

a n swers Y ou often fi nd in t h e c o r se of ch ess

d evelo p me nt tha t y u h ave to unl ea r n what yo u h ave alrea d lea rned You h ave t o t a ke a s tep b a ck war d s in

o r d er to mo v e for war d s '

H H e n e v e r w ant ed to be a n th ing e lse oth er t han a

pr of ess i o al che ss p l a y er ' As s oon as 1 kn e w t hat

pr ofess i o na l p la ye r s ex i s ted , 1 wante d to be o e,' h e says 'I l ove d th e ga m e an wan t e d t o d ev ote m yself to

i C h ess i s a very d e m a ndin g mi s tr ess It r e quir es a

c olossa l a mo u t of ti m e I f yo u are to s tud y ch ess

se ri o sly, the am o un t o f wo rk is e ndl es Y ou got so m e

s en se o f t hat thi s af t er n oo n '