Another form of opposition saw Arnold’s culture as a perverse perpetuation of clas-sical and literary learning, outlook, and privileges in a world where science had become the new arch a
Trang 127 In the figure above, the centers of all three circles lie on the same line The radius
of the middle-sized circle is twice that of the smallest circle If the radius of the
smallest circle is 1, what is the length of the boundary of the shaded region?
(A) 12p
(B) 6p
(C) 12
(D) 3p
(E) 9
28 Among registered voters in a certain district, the ratio of male to female voters is
3:5 If the district currently includes 2,400 registered voters, how many
addi-tional males must register to make the ratio 4:5, assuming the number of
registered female voters remains unchanged?
(A) 120
(B) 150
(C) 240
(D) 300
(E) 360
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VERBAL REASONING
30 Questions • 30 Minutes
NOTE: In this section, questions of different formats are interspersed, just as
they are on the computer-based GRE However, this practice session contains more challenging questions than easy ones, whereas the actual computer-based GRE adapts to your ability level
1 ITINERANT:
(A) settled (B) paralyzed (C) fixated (D) linear (E) lethargic
2 WEAPON : INTIMIDATE ::
(A) memory : recall (B) donor : give (C) icebox : preserve (D) sun : shine (E) meal : serve
3 NATAL : GESTATION ::
(A) wealthy : investment (B) conclusive : premise (C) humble : conceit (D) truthful : proof (E) feeble : cowardice
4 INCREDULITY:
(A) truthfulness (B) faith
(C) credibility (D) loyalty (E) reverence
5 The _ and _ lifestyle of
certain types of primates differs greatly from the habits of most primate species, who are active during the day and who form soci-eties based on quite complex interre-lationships
(A) sedentary omnivorous (B) inactive monogamous (C) nomadic lonely (D) nocturnal solitary (E) diurnal gregarious
6 VIE:
(A) grow weary (B) fall behind (C) admit defeat (D) reduce expectations (E) change priorities
7 VERDANT:
(A) incomplete (B) immature (C) forbidding (D) diminutive (E) desolate
8 Personality is rooted as deeply in the
need for _, or at least personal interaction, as _ well-being is rooted in chemical needs
(A) love physical (B) hope biological (C) affection social (D) self-respect bodily (E) companionship natural
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Questions 9–11 are based on the
following passage.
Late Victorian and modern ideas of
culture are indebted to Matthew Arnold,
who, largely through his Culture and
Anarchy (1869), placed the word at the
center of debates about the goals of
intel-lectual life and humanistic society Arnold
defined culture as “the pursuit of
per-fection by getting to know the best which
has been thought and said.” Through this
knowledge, Arnold hoped, we can turn “a
fresh and free thought upon our stock
notions and habits.” Although Arnold
helped to define the purposes of the liberal
arts curriculum in the century following
the publication of Culture, three concrete
forms of dissent from his views have had
considerable impact of their own
The first protests Arnold’s fearful
desig-nation of “anarchy” as culture’s enemy,
viewing this dichotomy simply as another
version of the struggle between a
privi-leged power structure and radical
chal-lenges to its authority But while Arnold
certainly tried to define the arch—the
legitimizing order of value—against the
anarch of existentialist democracy, he
himself was plagued in his soul by the
blind arrogances of the reactionary powers
in his world The writer who regarded the
contemporary condition with such
appre-hension in Culture is the poet who wrote
“Dover Beach,” not an ideologue rounding
up all the usual modern suspects
Another form of opposition saw Arnold’s
culture as a perverse perpetuation of
clas-sical and literary learning, outlook, and
privileges in a world where science had
become the new arch and from which any
substantively new order of thinking must
develop At the center of the “two cultures”
debate were the goals of the formal
educa-tional curriculum, the principal vehicle
through which Arnoldian culture operates
However, Arnold himself had viewed
culture as enacting its life in a much more
broadly conceived set of institutions
A third form is so-called
“multicultur-gaining recognition for voices and visions that Arnoldian culture has implicitly sup-pressed In educational practice, multicul-turalists are interested in deflating the imperious authority that “high culture”
exercises over curriculum while bringing into play the principle that we must learn what is representative, for we have over-emphasized what is exceptional Though the multiculturalists’ conflict with Arnoldian culture has clear affinities with the radical critique, multiculturalism actually affirms Arnold by returning us more specifically to a tension inherent in the idea of culture rather than to the cul-ture-anarchy dichotomy
9 Based on the information in the
passage, Arnold would probably agree that the educational cur-riculum should
(A) focus on the sciences more than
the humanities
(B) strike a balance between
practicality and theory
(C) reflect the dominant culture of
the day
(D) be more rigorous than during
the past
(E) deemphasize what is
represen-tative
10 It can be inferred from the passage
that the two-cultures debate
(A) emerged as a reaction to the
multiculturalist movement
(B) developed after 1869 (C) influenced Arnold’s thinking
about culture
(D) was carried on by American as
well as European scientists
(E) led to a schizophrenic
educa-tional system
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11 The author’s primary concern in the
passage is to
(A) argue against those who have
opposed Arnold’s ideas
(B) describe Arnold’s conception of
culture
(C) explain why Arnold considered
the pursuit of perfection to be the essence of culture
(D) trace Arnold’s influence on the
liberal arts educational cur-riculum
(E) examine the different views of
culture that have emerged since the eighteenth century
12 DECREE : INFORM ::
(A) fascinate : interest (B) gallop : canter (C) resign : quit (D) endure : persist (E) shout : whisper
13 CINNAMON : CONFECTION ::
(A) villain : tale (B) cliff : plateau (C) collar : cuff (D) cell : prison (E) flank : horse
14 Considering today’s high divorce rate
and growing number of single-parent households, it is _ that the most Americans still adhere to the _ belief in the importance of
an intact nuclear family
(A) surprising superficial (B) encouraging obsolete (C) interesting popular (D) illuminating controversial (E) astonishing traditional
15 LATITUDE:
(A) conformity (B) point of focus (C) strictness (D) inflection (E) restraint
Questions 16–18 are based on the following passage.
A certain strain of bacteria called
lyngbya majuscula, an ancient ancestor of
modern-day algae, is making a comeback
in ocean waters just off the world’s most industrialized coastal regions This primitive bacteria has survived for nearly three billion years due to a variety of sur-vival mechanisms It can produce its own fertilizer by pulling nitrogen out of the air;
it relies on a different spectrum of light than algae do, allowing it to thrive even in deep, murky waters; and when it dies and decays, it releases its own nitrogen and phosphorous, on which the next
gen-eration of lyngbya feeds.
Lyngbya emits more than one hundred
different toxins harmful to other ocean life
as well as to humans Commercial fish-ermen and divers who come in contact with the bacteria frequently complain of skin rashes and respiratory problems, which can keep these workers off the job for months at a time The bacteria further disrupts local economies by blocking sun-light to sea grasses that attract fish and other sea life Scientists attribute the
modern-day reappearance of lyngbya, and
the resulting problems, chiefly to nitrogen- and phosphorous-rich sewage partially processed at wastewater treatment plants and pumped into rivers that feed coastal ocean waters
16 The passage as a whole can
appro-priately be viewed as an examination
of which of the following?
(A) The causes and consequences of
the re-emergence of lyngbya
(B) The possible means of halting
and reversing the spread of
lyngbya
(C) The economic impact of lyngbya
on certain coastal communities
(D) The survival mechanisms and
life cycle of lyngbya
(E) The ecological fallout resulting
from coastal sewage runoff
PART VI: Five Practice Tests 456
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17 It can be inferred from the passage
that the lyngbya majuscula strain
has survived for billions of years
partly because it
(A) is threatened by few, if any,
natural predators
(B) emits harmful toxins that ward
off potential predators
(C) does not depend on light for its
existence
(D) possesses the ability to
essen-tially feed on itself
(E) adapts easily to changes in
water temperature
18 According to passage, the lyngbya
majuscula strain
I depends largely on nitrogen and
phosphorous as nutrients
II can harm other ocean life as a
result of its high toxicity
III thrives mainly in waters where
algae is largely absent
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
19 PITH:
(A) frivolity
(B) bore
(C) surplus
(D) chasm
(E) tangent
20 RUNT : SIBLING ::
(A) athlete : league
(B) spade : suit
(C) veneer : shield
(D) penny : currency
(E) peephole : panorama
21 The high incidence of speech
articu-lation disorders among young children suggests that such “dis-orders” are _ developmental phenomena, since they generally occur less frequently among _
age groups
(A) very serious most (B) relatively rare certain (C) actually normal other (D) clinically acceptable younger (E) commonly misunderstood
older
22 CARETAKER : ATTENTIVE ::
(A) hair : curly (B) writing : legible (C) mule : obstinate (D) mansion : spacious (E) meat : broiled
23 TRAVESTY : RIDICULE ::
(A) reproduction : copy (B) treachery : reprieve (C) speech : imitate (D) language : understand (E) forgery : deceive
24 The _ of the judging process
might be compromised unless each contestant is assigned a unique code number by which he or she is solely identified
(A) accuracy (B) finality (C) authority (D) impartiality (E) decisions
25 SHORE : PRECARIOUS ::
(A) plane : irregular (B) boil : tepid (C) frequent : uninviting (D) stiffen : pliable (E) douse : damp
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Questions 26 and 27 are based on the following passage.
In the United States, the extent of adult illiteracy at the workplace has been obscured by adequate employment for adults with few or no literacy skills, too-simple definitions of literacy, faulty survey methods, and a stigma associated with illiteracy that keeps many people from admitting illiteracy or seeking help in overcoming it With today’s increasingly rapid technological advances and increased foreign competition, however, U.S businesses are growing more and more aware of the extent and the costs of illiteracy in the work force The U.S
Bureau of Labor Statistics warns that the U.S labor-force entrants in the years ahead may not have the skills that employers need—that new jobs in the service industries, where most job growth
is projected to occur, will demand much higher literacy skill levels than today’s service jobs, and few new jobs will be created for those who cannot read and follow directions, fill out forms and com-municate by e-mail with coworkers, and perform simple arithmetical computations applying the basic rules of mathematics
26 Which of the following can be inferred solely on the basis of infor-mation in the passage?
(A) Illiteracy is more common
among older workers than young ones
(B) Technology jobs require greater
literacy skills than other jobs
(C) New U.S service-industry jobs
are likely to be filled by workers from outside the U.S
(D) U.S schools do an inadequate
job in teaching literacy skills
(E) Declining U.S productivity is
attributable primarily to workplace illiteracy
27 It can be inferred from the passage
that
(A) workers today should learn to
speak more than one language
(B) math skills are becoming more
and more valuable at the workplace
(C) government projections about
the future job market are unreliable
(D) solving workplace problems
usually requires face-to-face communication
(E) workplace literacy programs
are generally ineffective
28 OBLIGATE:
(A) treat fairly (B) allow to occur (C) refrain from interfering (D) excuse from debt (E) comply with an order
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29 Great achievers are by nature
(i) _, and therefore tend to be
dissatisfied and discontent with
their accomplishments—no matter
how great Perhaps the (ii) _
modern example of this phenomenon
was the eminent physicist Albert
Einstein, whose theoretical
break-throughs in physics only raised new
theoretical (iii) _, which
Ein-stein himself recognized and spent
the last twenty years of his life
struggling unsuccessfully to solve
Blank (i)
perpetually malcontent
insatiably ambitious
tenaciously obsessive
Blank (ii)
most illustrious
paradigmatic
unrivaled
Blank (iii)
dilemmas
concepts
challenges
30 SWEAR : OATH ::
(A) follow : leader (B) obey : rule (C) solve : problem (D) sign : contract (E) issue : warning
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ANSWER KEY AND EXPLANATIONS
Analytical Writing
ISSUE TASK: EVALUATION AND SCORING
Evaluate your Issue task essay on a scale of 0 to 6 (6 being the highest score) according to the following five criteria:
Does your essay develop a position on the issue through the use of incisive reasons and persuasive examples?
Are your essay’s ideas conveyed clearly and articulately?
Does your essay maintain proper focus on the issue, and is it well organized? Does your essay demonstrate proficiency, fluency, and maturity in its use of sentence structure, vocabulary, and idiom?
Does your essay demonstrate command of the elements of Standard Written English, including grammar, word usage, spelling, and punctuation?
ARGUMENT TASK: EVALUATION AND SCORING
Evaluate your Argument task essay on a scale of 0 to 6 (6 being the highest score) according to the following five criteria:
Does your essay identify and articulate the argument’s key unstated assump-tions?
Does your essay explain how the argument relies on these unstated assumptions, and what the implications are if these assumptions are unwarranted?
Does your essay develop its ideas in a clear, organized manner, with appropriate transitions to help connect ideas together?
Does your essay demonstrate proficiency, fluency, and maturity in its use of sentence structure, vocabulary, and idiom?
Does your essay demonstrate command of the elements of Standard Written English, including grammar, word usage, spelling, and punctuation?
To help you evaluate your essay in terms of criteria 1 and 2, the following is a series
of questions that identify four distinct unstated assumptions upon which the
argument relies To earn a score of 4 or higher, your essay should identify and explain
at least three of these assumptions Identifying and explaining at least four of the unstated assumptions would help earn you an even higher score
• Does the Argument draw a questionable analogy between Oak City’s
circum-stances and Mapleton’s? (Perhaps the percentage of students needing off-campus housing, which might affect property values, is significantly greater in one town than the other.)
PART VI: Five Practice Tests 460
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• Does the Argument draw a questionable analogy between four-year colleges and
community colleges? (Perhaps a four-year college would bring greater prestige or
higher culture to the town.)
• Is the presence of Mapleton’s new community college necessarily the actual cause
of the decline in Mapleton’s property values and rents? (Perhaps some other
recent development is responsible instead.)
• Is it necessary to refuse the new college in order to prevent a decline in property
values and rents? (Perhaps Oak City can counteract downward pressure on
property values and rents through some other means.)
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Quantitative Reasoning
1 E
2 B
3 D
4 A
5 E
6 A
7 C
8 B
9 D
10 D
11 C
12 C
13 B
14 A
15 C
16 E
17 C
18 B
19 D
20 A
21 C
22 C
23 C
24 4/5
25 A
26 E
27 B
28 D
1 The correct answer is (E) Add the
two equations:
+ =
− =
= +
= ( + )
2 1 2
2 The correct answer is (B) The
problem can be simplified When you divide 8 by 7, the remainder is 1
When you divide 5 by 3, the remainder is 2
3 The correct answer is (D).
Because the two lines are parallel, the two triangles are the same shape, and their corresponding
angles are equal in size ( x = p and y
= q), and therefore x 2 y = p 2 q.
However, the quantity x 2 y is being compared here to q 2 p, not p 2 q.
The two quantities are equal in size only if all four angles are equal (56°)
It is not possible to determine whether all four angles are the same size, regardless of the measure of the third angle Even though it appears
from the figure that x 2 y is a negative number and q 2 p is a
positive number, you can’t assume that
4 The correct answer is (A) The
question is essentially asking: “1 is
to m as what is to p?” First, set up a
proportion (equate two ratios, or
fractions) Then convert either pieces
of paper to reams (divide m by 500)
or reams to pieces (multiply p by
500) (The second conversion method
is used below.) Cross-multiply to
solve for x:
1 500 500 500
m
x p
m
=
=
=
5 The correct answer is (E) In
com-bining the four fractions, cancel all
variables except a (in the numerator) and e (in the denominator), leaving
a
ezx = 1 To isolate x on one side of
the equation, multiply both sides by
e
a: e
az
a
ezx = 1 z
e a
x = e a
6 The correct answer is (A) Any
fraction between 0 and 1 is greater
than the square of that fraction
Thus, a + b must be greater than
a2+ b2
7 The correct answer is (C)
Mul-tiply Quantity B by $1.20 to determine whether (and by how
much) the cost of p cans exceeds the
cost of a case ($1.20)(15) = $18.00,
PART VI: Five Practice Tests 462