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Unit 10 | Environment Grammar Check 1 Indirect speech We use the verbs say, tell, and ask to report what other people have said.. A Look at the extract from a speech given by Lucas Samp

Listening 1 The weather

A Look at the pictures What extreme weather conditions do they illustrate?

What are the effects of weather like this?

Đright sunshine

" overcast skies coe sunny intervals with scattered showers heavy rain

fog thunderstorms wo Strong winds

ae moderate snowfall high pressure mild temperatures

Germany and France

Black Sea

Spain and Portugal Mediterranean

, A C Look at the map and listen to the weather report Write in the numbers of the

weather symbols for conditions in each of the places shown

DISCUSSION

How does the weather vary throughout the year in your country? How does it affect your daily routine? What is your favorite type of weather?

Unit 10 | Environment

Grammar Check 1

Indirect speech

We use the verbs say, tell, and ask to report what other people have said

A Look at the extract from a speech given by Lucas Sampieri at a conference on sustainable urban planning

By mid-century more Now look at how the statement has been changed into indirect speech

than 50% of the What has been changed?

world's population will

be living in cities Mr.Sampieri said that by mid-century more than 50% of the world’s population

would be living in cities

B Look at the following question asked by a member of

@ see page 135 in the the audience Do you believe that _ a Now look at this question transformed into indirect technology is the best

speech How has the question been changed? approach to urban

development?

A member of the audience asked M Sampieri if he believed that technology was the best approach

A C_ Read the following extract from a report on M Sampieri’s speech

Choose the words that correctly complete the text

M Sampieri ‘(said / told) that many cities in the world lacked the financial resources to invest in infrastructure He ?(asks / asked) whether anyone in the audience 3(will / would)

be willing to give up driving a car and ride a bike instead He “(told / said) the audience that some countries had already developed stricter development policies and went on 5(to say / to tell) that, in his view, others would have to do the same He ®(asked / told) the delegates that sustainable urban development was the only way forward He concluded

by “(saying / telling) that he ®(has / had) expected greater media coverage of the issue eT;

A TOEIC® Tip aE say and tell are easily confused _ ACTIVE PRACTICE - ; - -

Hever soy a ee don’trefertothe person | Work in groups Prepare a short questionnaire to find out what

Be a Nauiai are being addressed ` ie | people think about climate change Your questions should be -

pare that investment in public | designed to find out:

transport would be doubled a e _ if they are worried that climate change will affect them

Tell is followed by the person being Tete | | _ if they have already modified their habits in any way to minimize the

(except in such phrases as fo tell the truth, | problem

to tell a story, etc.) | e what action they would be prepared to take to reduce climate change

Mr Coleman told the journalists that there

would be a public enquiry

Tell is also used to refer to orders

The security services told the demonstrators

to move behind the cordon Ạ £ report your findings back to the group In pairs, interview each other using your questionnaires and then

whether they would be prepared to pay more for gas and for air travel

| what factors are responsible for climate change

what the most serious consequences of climate change will be

Target Score

Viewpoint

A What is the capital city of your country like? How many people live there? How has it changed over the last few years?

A B_ Read the following article Complete the blanks in paragraphs 1-3 with the

appropriate collocations from the boxes above each paragraph

ứ

Shows that sprawl already damages people's health Each year, ® take up to one

million lives worldwide In some countries, the number of

lives cut short by illness from air pollution exceeds those lost to accidents And by making driving necessary and walking and cycling less practical, sprawling cities contribute to weight problems by depriving people of needed !!9 :

By the end of the decade, the majority of the world’s

people will live in urban areas Urban design decisions

made today, especially in the developing world where car

use is still low, will have an enormous impact on global

warming Adoption of the U.S car-centered model would

carbon emissions urban areas

road transportation

eS

HS

~—_

.—

= If governments do not act quickly to discourage the

P= _ building of cities for cars, the international effort to

control '.gfeha£ warming will become much more difficult,

reports a new study by the Worldwatch Institute

>> Sprawling? are helping to make® the

==) fastest growing source of the’ warming the

e r= earth's atmosphere

parking lots air pollution new technologies

“Wind turbines, energy-efficient cars, and other

eee have received much attention in recent

debates over energy policy, but we’ve been neglecting the

role that urban design can play in stabilizing the climate,”

have disastrous consequences

In thirty years, China, excluding Hong Kong, will have

752 million urban dwellers If each were to copy the

transportation habits of the average resident of San Francisco in 1990, the carbon emissions in urban China could exceed 1 billion tons

“Some cities in developing countries have already proved that a strategy of de-emphasizing cars and providing public transit instead can work,” said Sheehan Starting in 1972, the city of Curitiba in Brazil built a system

of busways and re-zoned areas along the thoroughfares — and is now enjoying better air quality and more parks for its 2.5 million people

said Molly O’Meara Sheehan, author of City Limits:

Putting the Brakes on Sprawl “Local concerns like

clogged roads, ® , and deteriorating

neighborhoods are already fueling a reaction against

sprawl Understanding the role of sprawl in climate

change should only speed up the shift towards more parks

and fewer” ‹

traffic accidents recentresearch physical exercise

C List three things mentioned in the article that:

1 could help to reduce the threat of global warming

wind turbines

A D_ Answer the following questions

1 How many lives are lost every year in traffic accidents?

2 Which country will have a population of over 750 million people?

3 What will happen if China follows the U.S car-centered model?

4 Which city has adopted a policy of reducing the use of cars?

DISCUSSION

What changes should be introduced to improve the lives of city dwellers?

Unit 10 | Environment

Grammar Check 2

Reporting verbs Read the conversation

Have you seen the new development plans for the waterfront? They want to put up apartment buildings all along the river

Yeah | think it's a great idea -

I'm not so sure A lot of businesses will have to move out of town

When we report what people say, we do not use their exact words, but

paraphrase, using reporting verbs Look how the conversation is reported:

They disagreed about the development plans for the waterfront He predicted that businesses would leave

There are three main types of reporting verbs:

a_ verbs followed by a preposition She complained about

b verbs followed by an infinitive They promised to

c_ verbs followed by a that clause She predicted that

Which types (a, b or c) are the following reporting verbs?

— Reference toapologize toclaim to complain to confirm to propose

Listening 2

A Listen to four conversations (1-4) Summarize them using reporting verbs

Target Score

Vocabulary Builder

Idiomatic expressions 2: make and do The verbs make and do are often associated with specific words or phrases

We still have to make the arrangements for the fire inspection

The urban planning commission has done a study of how commuters travel to and from their workplaces

A Which of the two verbs is used with the following words and expressions?

1_ #K£ the most of something

damage your best, the rest an impression, a difference, a change work

something hard, easy, possible the cooking, the ironing, the housework, the shopping, the programming

a mistake, an error, a miscalculation

a deal, business money, a profit, a loss

a comment, a remark, a speech use of something

A B Read the text about how researchers at Robo Dom Co are developing systems for

the home of the future Use appropriate expressions with make and do from the list above to fill the blanks

At Robo Dom Co,scientists are planning to ! AKê in your fridge will inform you when it’s time to go out

a Change to the way that the homes of the future and some Asa result people will be

will be designed By ? ofa whole array Of their increasingly

of sensors, smart materials, and electronic devices, precious leisure time, that is,as long as their home

researchers think that it should be possible to get operating systems haven't '! too many

machines to Š much cf the that is

required in today’s homes That should it

eee for overstressed urban professionals to save

more precious time by handing over such daily tasks as

® oases CHG ssssssctazes or the vacuum cleaning to

robotic servants In exchange they would just have to

spend a few minutes ® the for the

home computer system and then machines would

TP SN TT, the s.ez Among other innovations,

smart new soft kitchen surfaces would prevent you

from ® too much to your kitchen

equipment and utensils when you're washing them in

the sink Smart containers will let you know when food

inside is starting to deteriorate and automatic sensors

[ Ỉ

Unit 10 | Environment

Listening 3

Living spaces for the future

The Freedom Ship is a project to create the world’s first mobile, floating city where residents will own homes In the following interview, Martin Kessler, a specialist on city environments, discusses some of the original ideas behind this project

A Before you listen to the answers that he gives, read the list of questions that he is asked How would you complete each of the questions?

1 W⁄2#, istheshipscheduledtobelaunhed

r¬— kinds of people might be interested in buying properties

3 Will it cost to buy an apartment on board?

4 are the advantages of living on board a ship?

5 countries will the ship travel to?

6 Will people travel to and from the ship?

7 facilities will be available?

8 people can the ship carry?

= A B Listen to the extracts (A-H) from the interview Take notes about each of the

answers that Mr Kessler gives Match each extract with the question it responds

to and write the letters in the spaces above

DISCUSSION

Would you like to live on board the Freedom Ship?

Target Score

Communication

Winds of Change

& p le Co | is located in New England on the

N Northeast coast of the United States and includes fifteen

a towns and two islands, Nantucket and

Martha’s Vineyard The Cape is an extremely popular tourist

destination and holiday resort

and has a rich historical and

: thư ena _ Maritime heritage Its beautiful,

oe ¿ virgin coastline of dunes and

CO 4 "tụ anno sandy beaches has made it one of

Martha's Vineyard Rinne the most sought-after locations for

holiday homes and the area has some famous residences like

the home of the Kennedy family at Hyannis Port

The Cape Cod community is currently facing a controversy; a group

of electricity generating companies has announced a plan to install

130 wind towers at different offshore locations within six miles of the coast This has created a debate in the local community, which

is now divided between those who favor and those who oppose the development

A discussion forum has been organized at which representatives of the various groups will be able to present their views on the project Work in small groups Choose a role card on pages 172-173 and use the information to prepare the arguments that you will use to support your case Each group will then make a short presentation, outlining its position in relation to the development

11 Health

A Look at the pictures Which of the verbs below can be used to describe the body

the list? Now make sentences using the verbs to describe the pictures

Listen to the statements (A-H) and choose the one that best describes each picture

Target Score |

® see page 136 in the

Grammar Check 1

Gerund and infinitive forms

A gerund is the noun form of a verb and ends in -ing: examining, checking, consulting Infinitives are verb forms with to: to examine, to check, to consult

Look at the sentences below Which verb is followed by the gerund and which by the infinitive?

1 Basketball is a sport that involves running and jumping

2 They plan to visit mountain villages in Nepal

eens After certain verbs, such as involve, enjoy, and suggest, we use a gerund form

After some verbs, such as plan, agree, and decide, we use an infinitive form

A B_ Read the promotional letter and choose the gerund or infinitive that correctly

completes the sentence

Madison tealth and Racquet Club

1421 MADISON AVENUE EAST @ MIAMI, FLORIDA

Hello!

Do you enjoy *(to play / playing) tennis, squash, racquetball? You can choose 7(to work out / working out) any day of the week

Would you like (to attend / attending) aerobics, tai chi, and between on and ee xa 20002200 v0

yoga classes? will avoid *(to wait / waiting) in line

Like most health-conscious people, you have probably considered ge rs q

3(to become / becoming) a member of a fitness club, but have — nn a iy, ee extending) your

put off “(to take / taking) the first step because the fees were oe ae ec ae re

so high But imagine 5(to be / being) a member without having We look forward to 1!(hear / hearing) from you very soon

6(to join / joining) a state-of-the-art health club Stacey Sawyer, President and CEO

PS Don’t forget **(to contact / contacting) us asap at (555) 643-8000 or info@madison.club.com

A TOEIC® Tip

Use the gerund form after prepositions:

After swimming, L feel refreshed

(never Affer te-stett )

and after verbs and expressions

followed by prepositions:

ACTIVE PRACTICE

With a partner, brainstorm a list of fitness activities

Which activities are most popular in your country?

| Now take turns interviewing each other about what fitness activities you like doing

We're looking forward to playing Do you belong to a fitness club? No, but I'd love to join one

tennis with you I Do you do anything for physical exercise? Yes, | do weightlifting at the I’m interested in learning tại chỉ gym

1dentify three uses ofa gerundafter < Do you like jogging? No, | prefer walking

apreposition in the letter above A

Unit 11 | Health

Listening 1

A Look at the list of health professionals What do they do? Where do they work?

¬ The truth is, doctor,

physical therapist western nedicine!

orthodontist

ế health insurance advisor a C nutritionist )

A B Listen to five short conversations (1-5) and write down two or three

keywords from each

Who is speaking? Where does each conversation take place?

1 check-up, cleaning, molars, chew, voy dentist dentist's of Fice

2

3

4

5