General, organic biological chemistry, 5e chapter 14

Answer: D Objective: 14.3 Global Outcomes: GO2 34 Benedict's test requires an aldehyde and an adjacent Global Outcomes: GO2 35 Aldehydes and ketones may be reduced to... Answer: FALSE Ob

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General, Organic & Biological Chemistry, 5e (Timberlake)

Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

Global Outcomes: GO2

2) What are the bond angles in a typical carbonyl group?

3) How many carbonyl-containing isomers does the formula C3H6O have?A) two

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4) The compound 2-propanone is also known as

5) The common name for 2-butanone, a readily available solvent, isA) methyl acetone

B) methyl ethyl ketone

6) Formaldehyde is used industrially to make

A) polymers

B) insulating materials

C) carpeting

D) All of the above

E) None of the above

Answer: D

Objective: 14.1

7) Acetone can be produced by the body when a person is

A) exercising

B) dieting with high protein diets

C) ill with a flu

D) recovering from surgery

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8) Which of the following compounds contains a ketone functional group?A) CH3

9) What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

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10) What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

11) What is the name of this compound?

O

CH3 - C - CH - CH3

|CH3A) 2-pentanone

B) methyl propyl ketone

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12) Three functional groups found in this compound are

A) alcohol, aromatic, and ether

B) alcohol, aldehyde, and ether

C) alcohol, ether, and ketone

D) aldehyde, ether, and carboxylic acid

E) cycloalkene, alcohol, and carboxylic acid

Answer: C

Objective: 14.1

13) Which of the following pairs of compounds are isomers?A) CH3CH2CH2OH and CH3OCH3

CH3CH2 C CH3 and CH3 C CH2CH3

|CH3CH2 OCH2CH3 and CH3 C CH3

|CH3

|CH3CH2CHOH and CH3 C HCH2CH3

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14) In all aldehydes except formaldehyde, how many hydrogen atoms is the carbonyl group bonded to?

15) How many hydrogen atoms is the carbonyl group in a ketone bonded to?

16) The carbonyl group consists of

A) a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen structure

B) a carbon-oxygen single bond

C) a carbon-oxygen double bond

D) a carbon-oxygen triple bond

E) a carbon-oxygen-carbon structure

Answer: C

Objective: 14.1

17) The oxygen atom in a carbonyl group is the carbon atom

A) more electronegative than

B) less electronegative than

C) identical in electronegativity to

D) more electropositive than

E) more soluble than

Answer: A

Objective: 14.1

18) How many lone pairs of electrons does the oxygen in a carbonyl group have?

A) None, they're all bonded

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19) In the IUPAC naming system, a ketone is named by replacing the -e in the corresponding alkane name with

20) In the IUPAC naming system, an aldehyde is named by replacing the -e of the name of the corresponding alkane with

21) What is the name of this compound?

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23) Acetone is a ketone commonly used as a

24) The flavoring agent found in vanilla is

25) Aldehydes have higher boiling points than alkanes of similar mass because of

26) The increased boiling point of ketones compared to alkanes and ethers of similar mass isdue to

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27) Low-molecular-weight ketones are soluble in water What is the shortest length of the carbon chain where insolubility becomes important?

28) Which of the following would not be water soluble?

29) Which of the following ketones is the most soluble in water?

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30) The reduction of 3-pentanone with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst will yield

31) The addition of hydrogen to an organic compound or the loss of oxygen is calledA) reduction

32) The hydrogenation of 2-methylpropanal gives the product

33) The Tollens' test may be used to distinguish

A) acids from amines

B) esters from acids

C) ketones from alcohols

D) aldehydes from ketones

E) alcohols from alkenes

Answer: D

Objective: 14.3

34) Benedict's test requires an aldehyde and an adjacent

35) Aldehydes and ketones may be reduced to

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Answer: D

Objective: 14.3

36) Which of the compounds would give a positive Tollens' test?

37) An acetal is formed from two molecules of an alcohol and a(n)

38) How many moles of an alcohol are needed to react with 1 mole of an aldehyde to form a hemiacetal?

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39) How do sugars form cyclic hemiacetals?

A) Two molecules of a sugar react with one another

B) A molecule of sugar reacts with an added alcohol

C) A molecule of sugar reacts with itself

D) A molecule of sugar reacts with an added aldehyde

E) A sugar molecule decomposes

Answer: C

Objective: 14.4

40) The product of adding two molecules of an alcohol to an aldehyde in the presence of acid is a(n)

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41) Which of these compounds is the hemiacetal that forms when ethanol reacts with propanal?

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42) What is the acetal formed when propanone reacts with two molecules of methanol?A) OH

A) a stereoisomer that is not a mirror image of another molecule

B) a stereoisomer that is a mirror image of another molecule

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44) Chirality occurs when stereoisomers have mirror images that are

45) How many different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral?A) one

46) Which molecule below has stereoisomers with different biological effects?

47) Chiral drugs consist of only one enantiomer The benefits of using a pure enantiomer, rather than a mixture, include

A) higher potency (lower total dose of drug)

B) elimination of side effects

C) reduced chances of drug interactions

D) All of the above

E) None of the above

Answer: D

Objective: 14.5

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48) Achiral compounds are those which

A) have no "handedness."

B) have different mirror images

C) are non-superimposable

D) have the same formula but different structures

E) are a racemic mixture

Answer: A

Objective: 14.5

49) Use the structures below to answer:

A) A is chiral and B is achiral

B) A is achiral and B is chiral

C) both A and B are chiral

D) both A and B are achiral

Answer: D

Objective: 14.5

50) Use the structures below to answer:

A) A is chiral and B is achiral

B) A is achiral and B is chiral

C) both A and B are chiral

D) both A and B are achiral

Answer: A

Objective: 14.5

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14.2 True/False Questions

1) All aldehydes have a carbonyl carbon bonded to at least two hydrogens

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.1

2) Many odors from solvents, paint removers, and perfumes are derived from aldehydes or ketones

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.1

3) In a ketone, the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.1

4) The carbonyl group consists of a carbon-oxygen single bond, and a second bond to hydrogen

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.1

5) The carbonyl group does not have a dipole

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.1

6) The suffix -one indicates an aldehyde in the IUPAC system of naming.

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.1

7) The suffix -al indicates an aldehyde in the IUPAC system of naming.

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.1

8) Acetone is a three-carbon aldehyde

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.1

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12) A major flavor component of vanilla is an aldehyde.

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.1

13) The name of this compound is 3-butanone

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.1

14) The carbonyl group gives aldehydes higher boiling points than alkanes of similar mass.Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.2

15) The carbonyl group gives ketones lower boiling points than alkanes of similar mass.Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.2

16) Carbonyl compounds having fewer than four carbon atoms are very water soluble.Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.2

17) Hexanal would be soluble in water

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.2

18) Propanal is more soluble than pentanal

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.2

19) Acetone would give a positive Tollens' test

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.3

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20) The Tollens' test is used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.3

21) Primary alcohols are oxidized to ketones

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.3

22) Ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.3

23) Benedict's test can be used to determine whether an α-hydroxyaldehyde functional group is present

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.3

24) An acetal is formed from an aldehyde or ketone and one molecule of alcohol

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.4

25) A hemiacetal has alkoxy and hydroxyl functional groups bonded to the same carbon.Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.4

26) Glucose forms a cyclic hemiacetal

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.4

27) This compound is an acetal

Answer: TRUE

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Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.5

31) 2-butanol is a chiral molecule

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.5

32) 1-butanol is a chiral molecule

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.5

33) Enantiomers have superimposable mirror images

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 14.5

34) The biological activity of one of a set of enantiomers may be very different from the biological activity of the other optical isomers

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.5

35) This compound is chiral

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 14.5

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Match the structural formula with the correct functional group.

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Identify the product, if any, that would form in each of the following reactions.

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