Gerund and Inf 3

enjoy, practise, mind, avoid, consider, discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep, discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep, can’t help…etc). can’t help…etc)[r]

and Infinitives

1 Como sujeito da oração:

Running is a great sport.

2 Após certos verbos:

She enjoys meeting people.

She misses going to parties.

Would you mind carrying my bags?

3 Após preposições:

They’re interested in

dancing.

Why do you insist on telling the same old story?

He left the room without saying a word.

They are good at

fighting.

4 Após o verbo go – com atividades

recreativas:

Does he always go surfing in the summer?

They go fishing on Sundays.

5 Após certas expressões idiomáticas:

The test has started It’s no use

asking your doubts now.

There was no point in waiting, so we left.

Do you think it’s worth taking a taxi?

6 Em proibições curtas:

Don’t smoke here =

No smoking here.

Don’t drink and drive =

No drinking and driving.

7 Usamos o gerund após o ‘S e

adjetivo possessivo (formal),

pronome oblíquo (informal)

Kátia insisted on Marcelo’s playing with us.

Kátia insisted on his playing with us.

Kátia insisted on him playing with us.

8 Após números ordinais & para indicar

finalidade:

He was the first runner

to arrive

I came to school to learn

She works in order to be able to travel a lot.

Infinitives

9 Usamos o simple infinitive / bare infinitive (infinitivo sem o TO) após os verbos let, make e have.

She is making him

The teacher let me leave earlier.

My mother had me do the dishes.

Obs.: O verbo HELP pode ser seguido de infinitivo com ou sem o TO

10 Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos

de gerund ou infinitive, sem

alteração de sentido.

Mother Teresa started to live/living in the slums of Calcutta from 1948.

Though she faced many problems, Mother Teresa continued to work/working for the poor.

Gerund & Infinitives

11 Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos de

gerund ou infinitive, PORÉM, com diferença

de sentido.

She stopped smoking = (Ela não fuma mais.) She stopped to smoke = (Ela parou de fazer algo para fumar.)

He remembered to turn off the TV = (Ele se lembrou de desligar a TV.)

He remembered turning off the TV =

(Ele se lembrou de ter desligado a TV.)

Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund

To infinitive

1 Use as subject

Eg: To smoke is bad for you

2 To say why we do things

(purpose)

Eg: I got up early to catch the

7am train

3 After some verbs (eg: expect,

afford, want, need, prepare, refuse, choose,

fail, learn, promise, hesitate etc)

Eg: I expect to pass the exams.

Gerund (-ing forms)

1 Use as subject (more common)

Eg: Smoking is bad for you.

2 After prepositions (on, in,

before, for, without, after…etc.)

Eg: You can’t live without eating Eg: Thank you for listening.

3 After some verbs (eg: dislike,

enjoy, practise, mind, avoid, consider, discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep, can’t help…etc)

Eg: I’ll finish studying in June.

4 After some adjectives

and nouns.(adj=easy, happy,

glad, nice, excited, ready, difficult,

to spend, something to drink, different

ways to protect her.…etc)

Eg: She is ready to leave

(adj)

Eg: I am glad to see you

(adj)

Eg: I’ve got work to do

(n)

5 Some verbs can be

followed by either

gerund or to-infinitive

Eg: I love going to school/

I love to go to school

4 After phrasal verbs

Eg: I am not good at

dancing

Eg: I am not interested in

singing

Eg: John will give up

smoking

5 eg: begin, continue,

hate, love, start…etc.

6 Used in general sense

(eg: love, like, hate,

prefer etc)

Eg: I like swimming

* Some words can use

both to-infinitive and

gerund with the same

begin, start, intend, continue etc)

* Some words can use both

to-infinitive and gerund

with different meaning

(Eg: remember, try etc)

6 Used in particular situations

cold days.

7 No + gerund Eg: No money, no talking.

8 Stop + gerund.

Eg: Stop talking, stop

writing, stop walking… etc.

Exercises http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.infing.i.htm

late (to do)

DOING

TO WEAR

off)

TO TURN OFF

look after)

LOOKING AFTER

WORKING

TO BUY

7 They offered _ me to the airport.(to take)

TO TAKE

a new one.(to buy)

TO STAY / STAYING IN

(to play)

PLAY

GOING

GOING/TO GO

everything (to leave)

LEAVING

14 After an exam, I normally go a bit crazy.(to take)

TAKING

STAYING IN

TO BE

TO GO OUT

TO PLAY

TO SNOW/ SNOWING

TO MEET

CONGRATULATIONS!!!