hoa hoat dong of cac co wan.CAU TAO &CHUC NANG CUA NAO TRUNG JAN:gom chat trang o ngoai chuyen tiep cac duong dan truyen tu duoi nao &chat xam o trong la ca[r]
Trang 1BAI TIET:la qt giup co the thai cac chat can ba ra moi truong ben ngoai.VAI TRO:giup co the thai cac chat can ba do hoat dong trao doi chat
of te bao tao ra & du thua,dam bao tinh on dinh of moi truong trong tao dieu kien thuan loi cho hoat dong trao doi chat dien ra binh thuong.HE BAI TIET NUOC TIEU GOM :than fai,than trai,hai ong dan,bong dai va ong dai.cau tao of than gom 2 fan:fan vo(gom cau than,nang cau than,ong than),fan tuy(gom ong than thong vs be than).than co khoang 2000000 don vi chuc nang de loc mau va tao thanh nuoc tieu.moi don vi chuc nang gom:cau than,nang cau than va ong than.: BAI TIET NUOC TIEU GOM 2 qt lon 1.TAO THANh NUOC TIEU gom 3 qt nho:qt loc mau(o cau than,de tao ra nuoc tieu chinh thuc),qt hap thu lai(dien ra o ong than,de hap thu lai cac chat can thiet nh :cac chat dinh duong,nuoc,Ca,Na,Cl->ket wa tao ra nuoc tieu chinh thuc),qt bai tiet tiep(o ong than,la qt bai tiet cac chat thua,cac chat thai
va tao ra nc tieu)2.THAI NUOC TIEU:mau tuan hoan lien tuc wa than->nc tieu duoc hinh thanh lien tuc.sau khi dc hinh thanh,tich tru bong dai,khi bong dai len toi 200 ml tao ra ap luc gay cam jac buon di tieu xuat hien,kich thich cac co vong mo de bai tiet ra ngoai.DA gom 3 lop:lop bieu bi(tang sung la cac te bao chet,sep sit nhau;tang bieu bi song la nhung te bao hinh tru xep sit nhau &co kha nang fan chia thanh cac te bao moi,co cac hat sac to luon day
ra ngoai de thay the lop te bao hoa sung va choc ra),lop bi(co soi mo lien ket ben chat vao nhau & co cac co wan nhu chan long ,bao long,tuyen nhon ,tuyen mo hoi,day than kinh va mach mau),lop mo duoi da gom cac te bao
mo xen ke vs mach mau va cac day than kinh.CHUC NANG CUA DA:tao
ve dep,bao ve co the,dieu hoa than nhiet,bai tiet,tep nhan kick thich,du tru nang luong .NORON co 2 fan:than noron(gom than &soi nhanh),soi truc(gom bao mielin & cucxinap:noi noi tiep jua cac noron,jua cac bao meilin la cac eo rangvie.CHUC NANG CUA NORON cam ung&dan truyen xung than kinh.HE THAN KINH co 2 fan:bo fan trung uong (gom nao nam trong hop so&tuy song nam (.) cac ong xuong song),bo fan ngoai bien(co day than kinh noi jua cac co & hach than kinh.CHUC NANG OF HTK:dieu hoa hoat dong of cac co wan,dieu khien co the.Co 2 loai htk:van dong&sinh duong.DAY THAN KINH TUY:co 31 doi.moi day gom 2 re:re truoc la re van dong gom cac bo soi than kinh li tam noi vs tuy song va co wan van dong la co van,re sau la re can giac gom cac bo soi than kinh huong tam noi
co wan thu cam vs tuy song.cac lo tuy di ra tu lo gian dot tao thanh day than kinh tuy.CHUC NANG OF DAY THAN KINH TUY:dan truyen xung cam giac va xung van dong(day pha).chuc nang of re tuy:re truoc dan truyen xung van dong(li tam),re sau dan truyen xung cam giac(huong tam)
CAU TAO &CHUC NANG OF TRU NAO:tru nao tiep lien vs tuy song.tru nao gom chat trang(o ngoai)-dan truyen & chat xam(o trong)-dieu khien,dieu
Trang 2hoa hoat dong of cac co wan.CAU TAO &CHUC NANG CUA NAO TRUNG JAN:gom chat trang o ngoai chuyen tiep cac duong dan truyen tu duoi nao &chat xam o trong la cac nhan xam dieu khien wa trinh trao doi chat ,dieu hoa than nhiet.CAU TAO & CHUC NANG CUA TIEU NAO:tieu nao nam sau tru nao,duoi ban cau nao.gom chat trang o trong lam duong dan truyen &chat trang o ngoai lam thanh vo nao.chuc nang:dieu hoa ,phoi hop cac cu dong phuc tap & ju thang bang co the.CAU TAO OF DAI NAO:nam phia tren nao trung jan & dai nao phat trien nhat.HINH DANG & CAU TAO NGOAI:ranh lien ban cau chia dai nao thanh 2 nua,cac ranh sau chia dai nao thanhn 4 thuy(chan,dinh,cham,thai duong),cac khe& ranh tao thanh cac khuc cuon nao lam S be mat cua nao cang tang.CAU TAO TRONG OF DAI NAO:chat xam o ngoai lam thanh vo nao day tu 2-3mm(gom 6 lop).chat trang nam trong la cac duong than kinh,hau het cac duong nay bat cheo o hanh tuy va tuy song.vo dai nao la trung uong than kinh cua cac fan xa co dieu kien.vo dai nao co nhieu vung(ke ten ra).moi vung co chuc nang rieng(dua vao ten).CAU TAO CUNG FAN XA SINH DUONG:gom trung uong than kinh la chat xam nam o sung ben of tuy song,hach than kinh co cac hach than kinh(la diem noi,chuyn jao of truoc hach va sau hach),day than kinh (co duong huong tam tu co wan thu cam den trung uong than kinh ,& duong li tam theo soi truc hach va soi sau hach).CHUC NANG OF CUNG FAN XA SINH DUONG:dieu khien hoat dong of cac noi wan.day la hoat dong ko co y thuc.CAU TAO OF HE THAN KINH SINH DUONG:gom trung uong than kinh (o nao va tuy song)&bo fan ngoai bien(co day tk va hach tk).trung uong than kinh gom phan he jao cam(co nhan xam nam o sung ben of tuy song) va phan he doi jao cam(cac nhan xam o Tru nao va doan cung of tuy song).phan ngoai bien :co fan he jao cam(co hach than kinh nam o cot song xa co wan fu trach,cac noron truoc hach co soi truc ngan,cac noron sau hach co soi truc dai).fan he doi jao cam nguoc lai.CHUC NANG OF HE THAN KINH SINH DUONG:nho tac dung doi lap of 2 fan he nay ma htksd dieu hoa dc cac hoat dong of cac co wan noi tang(co tron,co tim,cac tuyen) CO WAN FAN TICH gom:co wan thu cam,day than kinh,trung uong than kinh(bo fan fan tich o dai nao).Y NGHIA:giup co the biet dc cac tac dong of mtruong.trong do ,co wan thu cam tiep nhan cac chat kich thich.bo fan fan tich la fan tich cac tac dong da dang of mtruong de co the co the fan ung chinh xac.CO WAN FAN TICH THI GIAG gom:co wan thu can thi giac(mang luoi),day than kinh thi giac(day so 2),vung fan tich thi giac o thuy cham.CAU TAO OF CAU MAT:gom mang boc,mang trong suat.mang boc gom:mang cung(phia truoc
la mang giac),mang mach(phia truoc la long den),mang luoi(tap trung cac te bao hinh non va hinh we).mang trong suat gom:thuy dich,the thuy tinh va
Trang 3dich thuy tinh.CAU TAO OF MANG LUOI:mang luoi(la mang of cac te bao thu cam)gom 2 loai te bao:te bao non(tiep nhan cac kich thich anh sang manh va mau sac),te bao hinh we(co kha nang tiep nhan kich thich anh sang yeu jup ta nhin ro ve ban dem).diem vang la cho lan nam o tren truc matgom cac te bao non lien he vs cac te bao da cuc(la noi nhin ro vat nhat).diem mu
la noi di ra of nhung soi trucva of te bao than kinh thi giac(ko co te bao thu cam).NGUYEN NHAN CAN THI:cau mat dai,the thuy tinh wa fong,ko ju dung khoang cach trong ve sinh hoc duong.cach khac fuc:fai deo kinh can de lam giam do hoi tu,cho anh lui vao dung mang luoi.NGUEN NHAN VIEN THI:cau mat ngan ,the thuy tinh bi lao hoa cach khac fuc:fai deo kinh lao de tang do hoi tu de anh cua vat tu fia sau ve mang luoi CO WAN FAN TICH THINH GIAC gom:co wan cam thu cam giac,day than kinh thi giac(day huong tam),vung fan tich thi giac(o thuy thai duong) ,vanh tai(hung song am),ong tai(huong song am de dua vao ben tai),mang nhi(thuc hien chuc nang khuec dai am thanh.TAI JUA:gomchuoi xuong tai(truyen song am,can bang ap suat o 2 ben mang nhi).TAI TRONG gom:1la bo fan tien dinh(thu nhan,thong tin ve vi tri of co the trong khong gian).2 la oc tai(thu nhan va kich thich song am)oc tai hinh xoan oc,co so vong soan la 2,5 vong.oc tai gom 2 phan:oc xuong tai(nam o ngoai),oc tai mang nam o trong(gom 2 phan:mang tien dinh nam o tren va mang co so nam o duoi).co wan cootizon chua cac te bao thu cam thinh giac.CHUC NANG THU NHAN SONG AM:song am tu nguon song am fat ra dc vanh tai hung lay,truyen wa ong tai vao lam rung mang nhi,roi truyen wa chuoi xuong tai va lam rung cua bau
va ccuoi cung lam chuyen dong ngoai dich va noi dich trong oc tai mang ,tac dong len co wan coocti.co wan coocti xuat hien xung than kinh.xung than kinh dc van chuyen den vung thinh giac de cho biet am thanh.PHAN XA ko dieu kien(pxkdk)la fran xa sinh ra da co,ko can hoc tap,ren luyen.phan xa co dieu kien la px dc hinh thanh trong doi song ca nhan,la ket wa of qt hoc tapSU HINH THANH PSCDK:dieu kien de himh thanh pxcdk la phai ket hop giua kich thich co dieu kien ca kich thich ko dieu kien va qt ket hop do fai dc lap di lap lai nhieu lan.thuc chat viec hinh thanh pxcdk la su hinh thanh duong lien he than kinh tam thoi noi cac vung of dai nao vs nhau.UC CHE PHAN XA CO DIEU KIEN :khi fan xa co dieu kien ko dc cung co thi fan xa mat dan.y nghia of viec uc che:dam bao su thich nghi vs mtruong song va dieu kien song luon thay doi,hinh thanh cac thoi wen va tap wan tot SU GIONG NHAU JUA PXCDK & PXKDK ve wa trinh thanh lap va
uc che fan xa co dieu kien.KHAC NHAU:ve so luong fan xa va mat do fuc tap of fan xaSU GIONG &KHAC NHAU JUA TUYEN NOI TIET VA NGOAI TIET.giong nhau:cac te bao tuyen deu tao ra cac san fam tiet.khac nhau:o san fam tiet cua tuyen noi tiet ngam thang vao mau,cham,keo
Trang 4dai,dien rong con san fam cua tuyen ngoai tiet tap trung vao ong dan de do
ra ngoai(cac tuyen tieu hoa.tuyen le….).VAI TRO CUA HOOMOM:duy tri
dc tinh on dinh cua moi truong ben trong co the.dieu hoa cac wa trinh sinh li dien ra binh thuong.hoocmon la san fam of tuyen noi tiet.hoomon co dac tinh:moi hoomon chi anh huong den mot or 1 so co wan nhat dinh,hoomon
co tinh sinh hoc rat cao chi vs mot luong nho cung gay hieu wa ro ret,hoomon ko mang tinh dac trung cho loaiTUYEN YEN:la 1 tuyen nho bang hat dau trang nam o hop so.CAU TAO GOM 3 thuy:thuy truoc(tiet ra hoomon FSH anh huong den su tang truong,su tang duong huyet-ACTH,kich thich hoat dong of tuyen noi tiet),thuy sau(tiet hoomon anh huong den wa trinh sinh li of co the:su trao doi H2O,su co that of cac co tren),thuy jua(thuong co o tre nho,khi truong thanh thi tieu jam anh huong den su fan
bo sac to of da).TUYEN GIAP:nam o phia truoc sun jap o thanh wan nang khoang 20-25g,la tuyen noi tiet lon nhat trong co the.CAU TAO OF TUYEN JAP:gom nang tuyen va cac te bao tuyen.HOAT DONG:chiu su dieu khien cua tuyen yen.san fam of tuyen giap la tiroxin.tiroxin co vai tro trong qt trao doi chat va chuyen hoa o cac te bao do trong thanh fan tiroxin
co iot.tuyen giap vs tuyen can jap co vai tro trong viec dieu hoa ,trao doi cnxi & photpho trong mau.TUYEN TUY vua la tuyen noi tiet,vua la tuyen ngoai tiet chuc nang noi tiet do 2 loai te bao dan nhan:te bao amfa(tiet hoomon glucagon tac dung vs dung huyet bien doi glycozen->glucagon),te bao peta tiet hoomon insulin tac dung lam jam duong huyet bien doi glucozo-> glicozen.vai tro cua hoomon trong tuyen tuy la:nho tac dung of 2 loai hoomon jup cho ti le duong huyet dc on dinh,nham dam bao qr sinh li of
co the dien ra binh thuong.TUYEN TREN THAN:gom 1 doi nam tren 2 wa than cau tao gom 2 fan:phan vo (gom 3 lop:lop cau,lop soi,lop luoi)& fan tuy.CHUC NANG OF TUYEN TREN THAN:phan vo tiet cac hoomon co tac d ung dieu hoa duong huyet,dieu hoa cac muoi Na,K trong mau va lam thay doi cac dac tinh o sinh duc nam.phan tuy tiet adrenalin &noradrenalin
co tac dung dieu hoa hoat dong of tim mach va ho hap,gop fan cung glucagon dieu chinh luong duong trong mau.CAC BO FAN OF CO WAN SINH DUC NAM:tinh hoan-san xuat ra tinh trung,tui tinh-la noi chua tinh trung,ong dan tinh-dan tinh trung den tui tinh,duong vat-dua tinh trung ra ngoai,tuyen hanh va tuyen tien liet-tiet dich nhon.timh trung xuat hien o tuoi day thiztinh trung dc sinh ra tu cac te bao goc wa qt phan chia de tao ra tinh trung.tinh trung nho co duoi dai va co kha nang di chuyen.tinh trung co 2 loai:X & Y.CAC BO FAN OF CO WAN SINH DUC NU:buong trung-noi san sinh ra trung,ong dan &feu-thu trung va dan trung,tu cung-don nhan va nuoi trung khi dc thu tinh,tuyen tien dinh-tiet dich nhon.trung bat dau co o tuoi day thi va sinh ra o buong trung.trung lon hon tinh trung(0,15-0,25mm)
Trang 5chua nhieu chat dinh duong va khong di chuyen duoc.trung co 1 loai mang sac the X trung song dc 2-3 ngay va neu dc thu tinh thi fat trien thanh thai.THU TINH la:trung va tinh trung ket hop vs nhau de tao thanh hop tu.dieu kien of su thu tinh:trung va tinh trung gap nhau o fia ngoai of ong dan trung.THU THAI:la khi trung dc thu tinh bam vao thanh tu cung fat trien tiep thanh thai.dieu kien of su thu thai :trung fai bam vao thanh tu cung
va tiep tuc fai trien.SU FAT TRIEN THANH THAI:trung rung neu dc thu tinh tao thanh hop tu se di chuyen theo ong dan trung den tu cung hop tu vua di chuyen,vua fan chia tao thanh phoi va den lam to trong lop niem mac thanh tu cung de phat trien thanh thai thai dc nuoi duong nho chat dinh duong lay tu me wa nhau thai.khi me mang thai can:cung cap day du cac chat dinh duong va muoi khoang,tranh su dung cac chat kich thich,lao dong vua suc va nghi ngoi hop li,tiem chung theo dinh ki.HIEN TUONG KINH NGUYET:la hien tuong ma neu trung ko dc thu tinh thi sau 14 ngay ke tu khi trung rung ,the vang bi tieu jam nen lop niem mac bi bong ra tung
mang ,thoat ra ngoai cung vs mau va dich nhay .y ngia of viec tranh thai:han che su bung no dan so.