Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech). Questions Reported speech[r]
Trang 1Chuyên đề : DIRECT SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH
I Lời nới trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp
a Lời nói trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
- Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy(,) hoặc dấu hai chấm(:)
- Đôi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp
Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said
b Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói.
Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said
=> Bill said that he didn’t like that party
II Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại
Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn,HTHT hoặc TLai, thì chỉ thay đổi ngôi, đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ,tính từ sỡ hữu, đại từ sỡ hữu và đại từ phản thân :
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “ The Sun rises in the East.”
My teacher of Geography says ( that ) the Sun rises in the East.
They say to us, “we will see you next week”
–> They tell us they will see us next week
He says, “I’m feeling ill”
–> He says (that) he is feeling ill
She has said : “ I’m tired now.”
–> She has said that she is tired now
III Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ
Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
IV Quy tắc chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp
1, Thay đổi thời của động từ.
* Simple present
* Present Continuous
* Simple Past
* Present Perfect
* Simple Future
* Simple past
* Past Continuous
* Past Perfect
* Future in the past
“I live in a small house,” she said
She said (that) she lived in a small house
“I am writing a letter,” he said
He said (that) he was writing a letter.
“I have seen that film,” he said
He said (that) he had seen that film
“I will help you” John said John said (that) he would help me.
S1 + says (that) + S2 + V + O
Trang 2* To be going to + Vinfi
* Can
* May
* Must
* Will
* Was/Were going to+Vinfi
* Could
* Might
* Had to/Must
* Would
“ I am going to meet him” she said
She said she was going to meet him
“I must finish my work” he said.
He said he had to finish his work.
2, Thay đổi đại từ chỉ định, trạng từ chỉ địa điểm và trạng từ chỉ thời gian.
Today
Tonight
Next/ on Tuesday
Next + Time
Now
Ago
Two days ago
Tomorrow
Tomorrow night
Yesterday
Last night
Last + Time
The day after tomorrow The day
before yesterday
Here
These
This
Overhere
so/such
That day That night The following Tuesday
The following + Time Then
Before Two days before/earlier
The next day/ the following day/ the day after
The next night The day before/ the previous day The night before/ The previous night The previous + Time
In 2 days’ time Two days before
There Those That Overthere Very
3, Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ , tân ngữ và tính từ sở hữu.
I
My
mine
Myself
We
Our
Ours
Ourselves
You
Your
he/she his/her his/her himself/herself they
their theirs themselves I/ we my/our
Trang 3Yours
Me
Us
You
mine/ours him/her them me/us
V Các cách chuyển đổi cơ bản
1 Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Statements in reported speech)
“S + V + O”
said / to Sb (O) + That + S 2 V 2
S 1 + told (O) + That + S 2 V 2
talked + about st
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…
EX: They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”
- They said they would return to Paris the month after
a Say(s) to somebody + a statement –> tell(s) somebody + (that) + clause :
Said to somebody + a statement –> told somebody + (that) + clause :
b Say(s) + a statement –> say(s) that + clause
Said to somebody + a statement –> told somebody + (that) + clause :
Ex :
“I’ve finished all my homework”, he said to me
–> He told me that he had finished all his homework
“I’m going to Hanoi tomorrow”, he said
–> He said that he was going to Hanoi the next day
He says to her, “you must do your exercise”
–> He tells her that she must do her exercise
1 Yes/No questions
Auxiliary + S + V + O?
(Do/does/did/had/will)
S1 + asked (+ Object) + If/whether + S2V2
2 Wh – questions
WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O? S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered, wanted to know…
“Where do you often meet your friends?” she said
–> She asked where I often met my friends
Thường được mở đầu bằng các động từ : ask, request (yêu cầu), tell, command, order (ra lệnh), advise, invite, remind,invite….
a Câu mệnh lệnh, đề nghị , yêu cầu,… : Là loại câu dùng để yêu cầu, đề nghị ai đó
làm gì Có hai loại câu mệnh lệnh : Mệnh lệnh khẳng định và mệnh lệnh phủ định
- Mệnh lệnh khẳng định: V + O.
Trang 4- Mệnh lệnh phủ định: Don’t + V + O.
(Don’t) + V + O.
Please + V_infinitive
S 1 + Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive
Offered/recommended (+ Object)+ To-infinitive
Ex: He said : “Please go away”
–> He requested / told me to go away
“Don’t make noise here”,Lan said to Hoa
–> Lan asked Hoa not to make noise there
“Post the letter for me, will you?” he said
–> He asked me to post the letter for him
“Make another try, please”, he said
–> He encouraged me to make another try
“Don’t drive too fast”, he said
–> He warned me not to drive too fast
- Câu đề nghị yêu cầu bắt đầu bằng : “ Could you / Will you / Would you, ?”
“Will you shut your mouth?” he said
–> He ordered me to shut my mouth
“Could you get ready at 6p.m tonight?” he said
–> He told/asked me to get ready at 6p.m that night
“ Will you post this letter for me on the way to work, Nam?” he asked
–> He told/asked Nam to post this letter for him on the way to work
- Câu đề nghị yêu cầu bắt đầu bằng : “ What about/How about/ Should we?Let’s”
“ What about/How about/ Should
Ex : “Let’s go to the cinema tonight”, he said
–> He suggested going to the cinema that night
“ Let’s invite Bill” said Tom
–> Tom suggested inviting Bill
b Câu mang tính chất khuyên bảo,nhắc nhở :
S + had better/ should…
Remember to………
Don’t forget to……….….
S 1 + advised +Object(+ not)+ To-infinitive
S + remind + O + To-infinitive
“You had better hurry”, he said
–> He advised me to hurry
“Remember to close the door”, he said
–> He reminded me to close the door
“Don’t forget to come at 6 a.m tomorrow”, he said
–> He reminded to come at 6 a.m the next day
Trang 5c Lời mời “Will you, would you…….”
“Will you, would you…….” S 1 + invited + O + To-infinitive
offered
“ Will you come to my party tomorrow?” he said
–> He invited me to come to his party the next day
“Would you like some cigarettes?” he said
–> He offered me some cigarettes
a Các trường hợp không đổi thời
– Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại
EX: 1 My father said “New York is bigger than London”
- My father said that New York is bigger than London
2 The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”
- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth
3 He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast
4 “The earth moves round the sun” he said
–> He said that the earth moves round the sun
– Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại III
“If I were you, I would leave here” he said
–> He said that if he were me, he would leave there
“I wish I lived in Da Nang”, he said
–> He said he wished he lived in Da Nang
– Cấu trúc “it’s time somebody did something”:
“It’s time he woke up”, she said
–> She said it was time he woke up
– Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.
“You’d better work hard” he said
–> He said that I had better work hard