Adjective preposition: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm tân ngữ cho các cụm tính từ giới từ dưới đây theo mẫu câu:.. S – be – adj – pre – V+ing.[r]
Trang 1CHUYÊN ĐỀ GERUNDS - DANH ĐỘNG TỪ PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT
I Definition & Formation: Danh động từ là hình thức phái sinh của động từ và thực hiện các
chức năng như các danh từ Danh động từ được cấu tạo bằng cách thêm hậu tố – ing vào sau động từ gốc như các ví dụ dưới đây:
Functions: Danh động từ có hầu hết các chức năng như danh từ Trong khuôn khổ tài liệu này chỉ những chức năng cơ bản có liên quan đến các mảng kiến thức ôn tập thi THPT Quốc gia
của danh động từ được mô tả và phân tích như sau:
Subject (S): Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm chủ ngữ cho
Compound nouns: Các danh động từ thực hiện chức năng tạo ra các danh từ ghép như sau:
e.g fishing-rod cooking-apple driving license
wrapping paper writing paper cooking oil Note: A fishing-rod is a rod for fishing
A reading lamp is a lamp for reading
etc
Trang 22 Non-gerund: Ghép một danh từ với một danh động từ để tạo thành một danh từ ghép:
e.g fruit-picking sky-diving bush walking
time-counting bodybuilding windsurfing
etc
cho động từ hoặc giới từ như trình bày dưới đây:
hiện chức năng làm tân ngữ trực tiếp cho các động từ theo mẫu câu:
S – V – V+ing
e.g He admitted having stolen the car
She denied having cheated during exam
We finished working on our projects months ago
Children practice speaking English day after day
4.2 Verb preposition: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm tân
ngữ cho các động từ giới từ dưới đây theo mẫu câ
S – V – pre – V+ing
Trang 311 end in 23 object to 35 threaten with
e.g He apologized to me for having broken the vase
She complained of not having been informed about the meeting
We gave up working on our projects months ago
Children succeeded in speaking English day after day
4.3 Adjective preposition: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm
tân ngữ cho các cụm tính từ giới từ dưới đây theo mẫu câu:
S – be – adj – pre – V+ing
e.g The little boy was absorbed in playing video games
The police are careful in investigating the case
Trang 4He is incapable of running such a big firm like that
They are tired of waiting for the entrance exam results
We were worried about travelling so far away from the head-quarter
4.4 Idiom phrases: (phrases of words that have literal meanings) : Các danh động từ và cụm
danh động từ theo sau các ngữ cố định sau:
4.5 Adjectives: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ theo sau các tính từ sau:
e.g It’s amusing spending time with you here
It’s hopeless waiting for an unpunctual person like him
It’s useless staying out waiting for the postman
4.6 Noun preposition: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ theo sau các cụm danh từ giới
từ sau:
e.g He has a choice of studying abroad
They have no intention of selling their car
He gave no reason for being late
4.7 Complement of objects: Follow these below verbs – Các danh động từ và cụm danh động
từ theo sau các tân ngữ của các động từ sau:
Trang 53 discover 8 imagine 13 send
e.g He catches the boy climbing over the wall
They saw an old man crossing the street
We watched the ants fighting
4.8 Subjunctive subject “it” or noun phrases;
Find/ found + it + V-ING:
e.g He found the film annoying
They find the long walk tiring
e.g When opening the case, he found his lost notebook
On reading the letter, she burst into tears
While cleaning the room, she found a diamond ring
cụ thể như dưới đây:
5.1 stop: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như sau: a stop + to infinitives (= stop this work to start the other work)
Dừng một việc để thực hiện việc khác
e.g He stops to smoke (He stops his work and starts smoking)
We stopped to rest (We didn’t work anymore, and we rested)
e.g He stops smoking (He no longer smokes)
They stopped fighting (They gave up fighting)
5.2 try: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như sau:
try + to infinitives (= manage successfully to do) Cố gắng làm gì đó
e.g He tried to lift the case (He managed to lift the case and succeeded)
He tried to work hard (He did with all his capability)
try + gerunds (= to experience) Thử làm gì đó
e.g He tried lifting the case (He wanted to know whether he could lift it)
He tried smoking (He wanted to know how he was when he smoked)
5.3 remember: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như sau:
Ghi nhớ để thực hiện nhiệm vụ (luôn nhắc nhở bản thân thực hiện)
e.g He remembered to lock the door (He had to lock the door)
Trang 6They remembered to buy food (They reminded themselves to do so)
2 remember + gerunds (= to assure oneself a fulfilled task)
Nhớ về việc đã làm (bản thân chắc rằng mình đã thực hiện công việc đó)
e.g He remembered locking the door (He was sure that he had locked the door)
He remembered sending an email (He was sure that he had sent)
5.4 forget: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như sau:
forget + to infinitives (= to miss a task) Quên mất một nhiệm vụ
e.g Sam forgot to buy food (Sam didn’t buy food)
He forgot to close the door (He didn’t close the door)
forget + gerunds (= the fulfilled task is forgotten) Quên một việc đã làm e.g Sam forgot buying food (He bought food but he didn’t remember)
She forgot refunding my money (She refunded but she forgot that)
5.5 Regret: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như sau:
Bận tâm/ tiếc khi phải làm (hành động chưa được thực hiện)
e.g Kim regretted to say the truth (He didn’t want to say the truth but he had to)
He regretted to call the police (he didn’t want but he had to)
2 regret + gerunds ( the task is done unexpectedly)
Hối tiếc về việc đã làm (hành động đã được thực hiện)
e.g Kim regretted saying the truth (He said and he regretted what he’d done)
He regretted not calling the police (He wished he had called the police)
Trang 75 She encouraged the job
A to take the job
B that Frank should take
C Frank to take
D to Frank to take
6 I you can swim so well and I can’t
A.hate B hate it that C hate that D hate it
7 Michael made me him next week
Trang 813 I am looking for a friendly young person to help _ my elderly brother while I
go out to work during the day
Trang 91 I don’t like when I am not there
A.criticizing B being criticized C to criticize D to be criticized
2 Would you mind _ me a hand?
A.give B gave C to give D giving
3 _ is a sport in which you move along the surface of the sea or a lake on a long narrow board with a sail on it
A.Water polo B Diving C Windsurfing D Scuba diving
4 Sometimes I do not feel like to my sibling about my troubles
A.talk B to talk C talking D talked
5 Their children very much enjoy cartoons
A.watch B watching C watched D to watch
6 I regret _ that your application has been unsuccessful
A.say B saying C have said D to say
7 The missing man’s family is desperately seeking anyone information about his activities or whereabouts
A.has B having C who have D have
8 I’ll never forget _ that race What a thrill!
A.to win B win C being won D winning
9 The painting was beautiful I stood there _ it for a long time
A.for admiring B being admired C admire D admiring
10 I was enjoying my book, but I stopped _ a program on TV
A.reading to watch B to read to watch
C.to read for watching D reading for to watch
11 – Mike: “Have you ever met the man _ over there?”
Jane: “No Who is he?”
Trang 10A.stands B standing C is standing D who he is
standing
12 My brother stopped two years ago
A.smoked B smoke C to smoke D smoking
13 Do you mind the cooking?
A.doing B to do C before D then
14 When friends insist on expensive gifts, it makes most people
uncomfortable
A.them to accept B they accepting C their accepting D they accept
15 A specific area of biotechnology that shows great promise for treatment and cure of
life- _ diseases
A.developing B threatening C hoping D fitting
16 He tried to limit himself to 10 cigarettes a day
A.be smoking B have smoked C smoke D smoking
17 The girl said that she was afraid of alone in dark
A.being left B left C to be interested D interest
18 When he was questioned by the police, he admitted knowing about the wrongdoing, but
denied _ in any way
A.to be involved
B.involving
C.having involved
D.being involved
19 Sometimes very young children have trouble _ fact from fiction and may
believe that dragons actually exist
A.to separate B separating C to be separated D for separating
20 We enjoy _ time together in the evening when the family members gather in the living room after a day of working hard
A.spending B caring C taking D doing
Exercise 3 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence
1 She hated football matches on T.V and that’s why she scolded her husband A.watch B watching C watched D to watch
2 Henry should have asked for help instead _ to do it himself
A.of trying B to try C try D from
Trang 11D being seen
4 Mr Larry was upset by _ him the truth
A our not having told
9 When _ a European, we should stick to the last name unless he suggests that
we use his first name
A.talking B speaking C discussing D addressing
10 Before for a position, check whether you can fulfill all the requirements
from the employer
A.deciding B applying C requiring D demanding
11 There is only one student in the classroom his lesson
A.prepared B to prepare C preparation D
preparing
12 Industry in the area consisted mostly of food-processing plants and factories
_consumer goods
Trang 13A.tell B to tell C telling D being
told
20 , he gained lots of group-work skills
A.Having lived abroad for years C Live abroad for years
B.In order to live abroad for years D To live abroad for years
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of
the incomplete sentences below
1 We are looking forward _ you again soon
3 I remember _ but he said I did not
A to buy him a book
B buy him a book
C buying him a book
D to have bought him a book
4 Remember _ john a present Today is his birthday
Trang 147 You should give up _ or you will die of cancer
Trang 15Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of
the incomplete sentences below
1 Mr Thomas does not allow people _ in his office
A.smoke B to smoke C smoked D smoking
2 We are not allowed _ in that restricted area
A.to enter B enter C entering D to entered
Trang 163 You had better _ at home until you feel better
A.stay B to stay C staying D stayed
4 The machine needs _
A.to repair B to be repaired C repairing D B and C are correct
5 I couldn’t help _ when I heard the story
D all are correct
7 She used that money _ a new car
Trang 18Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of
the incomplete sentences below
1 Paula quit _ alcohol three years ago
Trang 199 We decided because of the bad weather
A not going out
Trang 21There was a lot of traffic, but we managed _ to the airport in time
A.are gone B going C to go D to be going
Exercise 7: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of
the incomplete sentences below
1 That hotel is so expensive They _ you sixty pounds for bed and breakfast
A charge B fine C take D cost
2 I am considering _ my job Can you recommend a good company?
A to move B moving C to change D changing
3 A dry pass, meaning the ball does not the water is thrown a few inches above the head of the catching player
C might have delayed
D might have been delayed
5 The room once a day
A should clean
B should be cleaning
C should be cleaned
D should have cleaned
6 Two tablets twice a day to have you recover from the illness quickly
A must take
B must be taken
C must have taken
D must be taking
7 Barbara walked past me without saying a word She me
A can’t have seen
Trang 22D must have started
11 We found the exam extremely easy We so hard
A needn’t study
B needn’t be studying
C needn’t have studied
D needn’t have been studied
12 The curtains have because of the strong sunlight
15 We with a swim in the lake
A.took up B gave in C cooled off D got out
16 The picnic _ because Peter has just had a traffic accident
A.will cancel B will be cancelling
C.will be cancelled D will have cancelled
Trang 2317 Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon
A.to walk B walking C has walked D
walked
18 To a desert is a danger activity which requires careful preparation for risks
A.comprise B circle C remain D
explore
19 Our industrial output from $2 million in 2002 to $4 million this year
A.rises B has risen C
rose D was rising
20 Before _ for a position, check whether you can fulfill all the requirements from
the employer
A.deciding B applying C requiring D
demanding
Exercise 8: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the
following sentences that needs correcting:
1 Before to go out, remember to turn off the computer
2 You had better learning a foreign language before applying for a job
3 On to hear the telephone ring, I answered it immediately
4 There’s something wrong with my computer It may need to repair
5 It is a dull evening We have nothing doing
6 Gets the bad news from her parents, Lan immediately burst into tears
7 I regret not to help you but I really couldn’t do anything else
8 Many scientists have tried to unlocking the genetic code
9 Open the letter from her mother, she feels very happy
10 To reduce pollution, we have to stop to use many things that make our lives comfortable
11 It is very difficult for us to preventing forest fires during the drought
12 People want to conserve the environment, but they can’t help pollute it
13 An: Let’s go out for a drink – Ba: I suggest staying at home and watch television
14 The government has had the ethnic minority settling down and provided them with
15 There are many people visit the Pyramids in Egypt every day
16 We go to school enriching our mind with knowledge
17 It is very difficult for human beings fighting pollution
18 If we don’t care conservation the environment, we will get unavoidable disasters
19 Would you mind give me a hand, I have a lot of things to do?
20 You have to finished writing the report yourself
ĐÁP ÁN Exercise 1 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence