Thay ñoåi veà ngoâi thöù trong lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp :döïa vaøo chuû töø vaø tuùc töø ôû phaàn giôùi*. thieäu ñöùng tröùôc daáu ngoaëc keùp.[r]
Trang 1REPORTED SPEECH
I Phân loại: Có 3 dạng câu:
- Statements ( Câu phát biểu ) : S + V + O
- Commands ( Câu mệnh lệnh) : + mệnh lệnh khẳng định: Vo + O …
+mệnh lệnh phủ định :Don’t + Vo + O…
- Questions ( Câu hỏi) : +Yes – No question
: +Wh – question
II.Cách đổi từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp:
( Trường hợp động từ giới thiệu ở thì quá khứ đơn _ex: said)
- Bước 1: Đổi động từ giới thiệu :
+ Statements : - said -> said that
- said to O -> told O + Commands: - said to O -> told O , ordered O (yêu cầu)
+ Questions: - said -> asked
- said to O -> asked O , wondered ( tự hỏi)
- Bước 2: Bỏ dấu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu hai chấm ( :) và dấu ngoăïc kép( “ “).
- Bước 3: Những thay đổi của lời nói trong dấu ngoặc kép:
+ Statements : - thay đổi thì, ngôi thứ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, trạng từ
chỉ nơi chốn
+ Comments : - mệnh lệnh khẳng định -> To + Vo …
- mệnh lệnh phủ định -> Not to + Vo …
- đồng thời đổi ngôi thứ, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn (nếu có)
- bỏ “ please “ (nếu có)
+ Questions : - Yes / No question : -> If / Whether
- Wh- question : giữ nguyên từ để hỏi(what, where,
when, why, who, how )
- thay đổi thì, ngôi thứ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
- Viết lại câu dưới dạng :- if/ whether + S + V + O
- what (where,…) + S + V + O
*
Thay đổi về ngôi thứ trong lời nói gián tiếp :dựa vào chủ từ và túc từ ở phần giới
thiệu đứng trứơc dấu ngoặc kép
- Ngôi thứ nhất -> đổi theo chủ từ
- Ngôi thứ hai -> đổi theo túc từ
- Ngôi thứ ba -> không đổi
( Nhất chủ, nhị túc, tam nguyên )
I me my mine myself
We us our ours ourselves You you your yours yourselves
He him his his himself She her her hers herself
It it its its itself They them their theirs themselves
Trang 2* Thay đổi về thì :
-Simple present -> Simple past -Present continuous -> Past continuous -Simple past -> Past perfect -Simple future -> Would/ should -Present perfect -> Past perfect - Can -> Could
- Must -> Had to - May -> Might
- Mustn’t -> Mustn’t - Should -> Should
- Had beter Vo -> không đổi - Điều kiện 1 -> Điều kiện 2
* Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn:
- this -> that - this year -> that year
- these -> those - today -> that day
- here -> there - tonight -> that night
- now -> then - ago -> before
- yesterday -> the day before/
the previous day
- last week -> the week before/ the previous week
- tomorrow -> the next day/
the following day
- next month -> the next month/
the following month
Models:
1.Statements: ( câu phát biểu)
EX:
a The children said, “ We are waiting for the school bus “
-> The children said that
b He said to me, “ I saw her and your sister at the shop yesterday”
-> He told me
2.Commands:
a Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
Ex: They ordered me, “Please help us”
-> They ordered me
b Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định:
S + said to + O, “ S + V + ”
said
S + told + O + (that ) + S + V
said
S + said to + O, “ Please + Vo ”
ordered
S + told + O + to Vo
ordered
Trang 3Ex: She said to me, “ Don’t forget to send your parents my regards “ -> She told me 3.Questions:
a Yes- No Question:
Ex: Tom said to Mary, “ Are you going to leave tomorrow?”
-> Tom asked Mary
- I wondered, “ Did she go to the beach with her boyfriend yesterday?” -> I wondered
b WH- Question : what, where, when, why, who, whom, whose, how
Ex: I asked Bill, “What time did you go to bed last night?”
-> I asked Bill
- “How old is your little boy?” said the nurse to Mary.
The nurse asked Mary
EXERCISE: Turn Into Reported Speech
S + said to + O, “ Don’t + Vo ”
ordered
S + told + O + not + to Vo
ordered
S + said to + O, “ aux V + S + main V ? ” asked
wondered wanted to know
S + asked + O + if /(whether) + S + V
wondered wanted to know
S + said to + O, “ What/ Where + aux V + S + main V ? ” asked
wondered wanted to know
S + asked + O + what/ where + S + V
wondered wanted to know
Trang 41 Miss O’Shay said to Nancy, “ Stop by my office in the morning”.
2 Her father said to her, “ Don’t change your plans”
3 He said to us, “ Don’t stop fighting for your country”
4 Mother said to him, “ Shut the door after you”
5 My girl friend said, “ I am going away tomorrow”
6 Jack Lumber said, “ Olga Ivanov won the gold medal yesterday”
7 He said to me, “ You can keep this one if you like.”
8 She said to him, “ You haven’t given me quite enough”
9 I said to her, “ I have something to show you.”
10 The librarian said to the schoolboy, “ Which book are you taking?”
11 The woman said, “ When will my dress be finished?”
12 She asked me, “ Where have you put my pencil?”
13 I said to him, “ Why hasn’t she eaten anything?”
14 His wife asked him, “ Where did you go last night?”
15 “ Who did you go to the cinema with? “ Mother asked me
16 “How well do your sister speak English?”, the manager asked her
17 “ Does this train stop at York?” asked Bill
18 “ Have you reserved a seat?” I asked him
19 “ Are you working as well as studying?” asked Peter
20 “ Have you got a work permit?” Bill wanted to know
21 “ Are you interested in acting?” asked Ann
22 “ Will you have time to play regularly?” he said to me