c Nhöõng ñoäng töø döôùi ñaây thöôøng ñöôïc söû duïng vôùi caáu truùc: V + object + to + V1.. Tell Remind Force Enable Persuade Order Warn Invite Teach get d.[r]
Trang 1INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
A PHẦN LÍ THUYẾT
I Infinitives
To infinitive (Nguyên m ẫu có To)
b Form (Cấu trúc)
Khẳng định: to + V1
Ph ủ định: not to + V1
Bị động: to be + V3/-ed
c Functions (Chức năng)
Subject (Chủ ngữ)
To learn English is very necessary
To speak English fluently is very difficult
Complement (bổ ngữ)
His hobby is to collect stamps
What I like is to swim in the sea
Object of an adjective (Tân ngữ của tính từ)
It is necessary to learn English
I am happy to live here
Adverb of purposes (Trạng từ chỉ mục đích)
He saved money to buy a bike
He bought this book to read
Object of a verb (Tân ngữ của động từ)
a Động từ đi sau các động từ dưới đây thường ở dạng to V1
Agree Offer Decide Appear Forget*
Refuse Attempt Plan Seem Learn Promise Manage Arrange Pretend Dare Threaten Fail Hope Afford tend
b Có hai cấu trúc sau những động từ này:
Want Ask Expect Mean Would like Would prefer help
c Những động từ dưới đây thường được sử dụng với cấu trúc:
V + object + to + V1
Tell Remind Force Enable Persuade Order Warn Invite Teach get
d Những động từ sau được sử dụng với hai cấu trúc:
He doesn’t allow smoking in his house He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house.
Advise recommend encourage Allow permit
Bare infinitive (Nguyên mẫu không To)
Sau các động từ sau các động từ khác thường ở dạng V1: make, let, help, notice, watch, hear, see, used t, had better, would rather, …
II Gerunds (Danh động từ)
a Form (Cấu trúc)
Trang 2Kh ẳng định: V+ ING
Ph ủ định: NOT + V-ING
Bị động: BEING + V3/-ed
b Functions (Chức năng)
Subject (Chủ từ)
Smoking is bad for our health
Learning English is very useful
Object of a preposition ( Tân ngữ của giới từ)
Sau giới từ động từ phải luôn luôn được sử dụng dưới dạng Gerund
He is very interested in learning English
My father gave up smoking many years ago
He is looking forward to seeing you
Sau đây là một số tính từ + giới từ:
Accustomed to :(quen với) - Afraid of - successful in ( thành công về ) - hopeful of ( hy vọng về )
- bored with ( chán ) -capable of ( có khả năng ) - (be) used to ( quen với) - proud of ( hãnh diện về ) - responsible for ( có trách nhiệm về ) - excited about (kích động về ) - interested in - famous for - fond of - ashamed of ( xấu hổ về ) -surprised at ( ngạc nhiên về ) - tired of ( chán ), tired from ( mệt ) opposed to ( phản đối ) essential to ( cần thiết ) - worried about ( lo lắng về )
Complement (Bổ ngữ)
His hobby is collecting stamps
Object of a verb (Tân ngữ của động từ)
Danh động từ thường đi sau một số động từ dưới đây:
Stop Enjoy Fancy Admit Consider Miss Finish Mind Imagine Deny Involve Postpone Delay Suggest Avoid Practice risk regret keep prefer appreciate mention like hate
I don’t mind helping you
He denied stealing the car
I hate doing my homework
Danh động từ còn được dùng sau một số cụm từ sau:
It’s no use, look forward to, can’t help, can’t bear, have difficulty, there is no point in, it is worth, spend / waste (time) ,it is no good …
B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH
1 He wanted (see) _the house where the president was born
2 He is expected (arrive) _in a few days
3 I would like him (go) _ to a university but I can’t (make) him go
4 I am looking forward (see) _ you
5 I arranged (meet) _them there
6 He urged us (work) _faster
7 I wish (see) _the manager
8 It is no use (wait) _him
9 He warned her (not touch) _the wire
10 Don’t forget (clock) _the door before (go) _to bed
11 My mother told me (not speak) _too anyone about it
12 He tried (explain) _but she refused (listen) _
13 At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _between the courses
14 He decided (disguise) himself by (dress) _as a women
15 I am prepared (wait) _here all night if necessary
16 Would you mind (show) _me how (work) _the lift
17 After (walk) _three hours we stopped (rest) _and let the others (catch)
up with us
Trang 318 I am beginning (understand) _what you mean
19 The boy likes (play) _games but hates (do) exercises
20 I regret (inform) _you that your application has been refused
21 I don’t allow (smoke) _in my drawing-room
22 I don’t allow my family (smoke) _at all
23 He surprised us all by (go) away without (say) ‘Good-bye’
24 Please go on (write) _; I don’t mind _ (wait)
25 He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _recognized
26 Before (give) _evidence you must swear (speak) _the truth
27 I tried (persuade) him (agree) _with your proposal
28 Your windows need (clean) .Would you like me (do) _them for you
29 Would you mind (shut) _the window? I hate (sit) _in a draught
30 I can’t help (sneeze) ; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _in a draught
31 Stop (talk) _; I am trying (finish) _a letter
32 His doctor advised him (give) _up (jog) _
33 My watch keeps (stop) _
34 People used (make) _fire by (rub) two sticks together
35 He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring)
36 If you go on (let) _your dog (chase) _cars he will
end by (be) _run over
37 I prefer (drive) _to (be) _driven
38 I advise you (start) _ (look) _for a flat at once
39 Would you mind (lend) _me some money? I forgot (cash) a cheque
40 (Lie) _on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _in the office
41 She like her children (go) _to the dentist every six months
42 An instructor is coming (show) _us how (use) _the machine
43 I have no intention of (go) _to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) _my
favorite actress in such dreadful part
44 I suggest (telephone) _the hospitals before (ask) _the police (look)
_for him
45 After (hear) _the conditions I decided (not enter) for the competition
46 Some people seem (have) the passion for (write) _to the newspapers
47 He expects me (answer) _by return but I have no intention of (reply)
_at all
48 He postponed (make) _a decision until it was too late (do) _anything
49 Try (forget) _it; It isn’t worth (worry) _about it
50 There is no point in (remain) _in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help)
_the people who have (stay) _ there
THE INFINITIVE OR THE GERUND
I/ Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets :
1 Tom regrets ( spend ) ……… too much time ( play ) ………computer games
2 Students stopped ( make ) ……… noise when the teacher came in
3 He’ll try ( not make) ………the same mistake again
4 Would you mind ( turn ) ……… off the radio ?
5 When you see Tom, remember ( give ) ……… him my regards
6 They postponed ( build ) ……….an elementary school for lack of finance
7 It’s no use ( advise ) ………him He never allows anybody (give) ……….advice
8 Is there anything here worth ( buy )……… ?
9 We missed ( watch ) ……… a football match last night
10 The principal tells him ( come )……… in
11 My parents decided ( take ) ………a taxi because it was late
12 Do you agree ( lend ) ………me some money ?
13 Tom refused (give) ……… me his address
Trang 414 You’ll be able ( do ) ………it yourself when you are older
15 I didn’t know how ( get ) ……… to your house , so I stopped ( ask )……… the
way
16 We found it very difficult ( reach ) ……… a decision
17 I will remember ( give ) ………Mr Brown your message
18 She remembers ( be ) ………taken to the zoo by her mother
19 Do you feel like ( go ) ……… to the concert or would you like ( stay )……… at
home ?
20 My family is considering (take) ……… a trip to the USA next year
21 The police didn’t permit ( camp ) ……… in this wood for security reasons
22 We don’t allow people ( smoke ) ……… in the lecture room
23 The teacher advised ( review) ……… the grammatical structures carefully
24 He’ s used to ( go ) ……….on foot to work
25 We get used to ( work ) ……….on Sundays
26 She is looking forward to ( see ) ………her friends
27 Sometimes students avoid ( look ) ……… at the teacher if they don’t want (answer )………… a
question
28 You should try ( wear ) ………any shirts you want to buy
29 The teacher recommends us ( prepare) ……….the lessons well before ( come ) ………….to
class
30 There are people can’t help ( laugh )……….when they see someone ( slip ) ………….on a
banana skin
31 He went to bed without ( lock ) ……….the doors
32 They don’t have enough patience ( wait ) ……….for him
33 Gravity makes water ( run ) ………downhill
34 This man let me ( use ) ……….his phone yesterday
35 Are we allowed ( go )……… out with Tom ?
36 The teller was made ( raise )……… his hands
37 Mary was advised ( stay ) ………out of the crowd
38 She prefers ( eat ) to ( prepare ) ……… meals
39 When the rainy season comes , you need ( repair ) ……… the roof of the house
40 The flowers need ( water ) but you needn’t ( water ) ……… them now
II/ Rewrite the following sentences with the meaning unchanged:
1 Shall we go for a walk ? What about ……….?
2 Why don’t we visit our teacher ? I suggest ………
3 I am very pleased that we shall meet again soon I’m looking ………
4 It is really quite easy to learn English Learning ………
5 I don’t want to go to the movie tonight I don’t feel like ………
6 Complaining about the matter is useless now It is ………
7 It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour It’s better to avoid ………
8 I expect that he will get there by lunchtime I expect him ………
9 I remember someone telling me the news I remember being………
10 Could you turn the radio down, please? .Would you mind ………?