Longman Phrasal Verbs In PDF124 Files

frequently used sense - in this dictionary the senses of the phrasal verbs are listed in order of frequency, so the most frequent sense comes first.. Grammar information.[r]

THÂM TÂM VY, 2009

DICTIONARY

DICTIONARY

11

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Longman phrasal verbs dictionary: over 5000 phrasal verbs.

GUIDE TO USING THE

DICTIONARY

MAIN VERB

FORMS OF THE VERB

Past tense, past participle, and present participle of main verb

PHRASAL VERB

Phrasal verbs are listed under main verbs in alphabetical order:

as'5th' or'sb',

FIXED PHRASE

Fixed phrases that contain

a phrasal verb are shown

in bold,

USAGE NOTE

This gives you extra information about when to use the ph rasal verb,

GRAMMAR HELP

This tells you if the phrasal verb is used or not in the passive or progressive,

LABELS

Labels tell you if a verb

ISformal, informal, spoken,

or literary English,

Definitions are written using the 2000-word Longman defining vocabulary, which makes them clear and easy

to use.

LABELS

Labels also tell you if a verb

is only used in American

English (AmE) or British English (8rE).

SIMILARTO

references show verbs and phrasal verbs with similar meaning.

OPPOSITE

references show verbs and phrasal verbs with opposite meaning.

These are shown after the sense of the phrasal verb they refer to.

I What is a phrasal verb?

A phrasal verb is a verb that consists of two or three words Most phrasal verbs consist

of two words - the first word is a verb, and the second word is a particle The particle

is either an adverb or a preposition Examples of common phrasal verbs include get up,

go off, turn on, make out, and deal with There are also some three-word phrasal

verbs, for example catch up with, look forward to.

An important feature of phrasal verbs is that they are typically idiomatic Therefore thewhole meaning of a phrasal verb cannot be understood by simply putting together themeanings of its individual parts For example, the meaning ofcany out(=do) in thesentence Scientists carried out an experiment is not related to the normal meaning of 'carry'

or the meaning of 'out' Similarly, you could not guess the meaning of pull up (=stop)

in the sentence A car pulled up outside the housefrom the separate meanings of 'pull' and

'up' A phrasal verb such as answer back (=answer rudely) is related to the meaning

of the verb 'answer', but this would not help you to guess the meaning of answer

back.

Where a verb freely combines with an adverb or preposition to produce an ordinarymeaning, this is NOT a phrasal verb In sentences such asThe boy fell off his bikeand We carried some chairs out into the garden, 'fall off' and 'carry out' are not phrasal verbs

2 Types of phrasal verb included in this dictionary

• idiomatic combinations of VERB+ADVERBIPREPOSmON of the type describedabove

• verbs that only exist in combination with a particular preposition or adverb, such

as rely on, amount to, gee up; and also verbs that only produce a particularmeaning when combined with a particular prepositon or adverb, such as deal with,

abide by, relate to

• VERB + ADVERB combinations that mean almost the same as the verb itself: eg eat

up, hurry up, toil away, where the adverb adds emphasis or an idea ofcompleteness or continuity to the action of the verb

• phrasal verbs that always have 'it' as their object: eg hit it off, jump to it, slug it

out

• reflexive phrasal verbs, where the object is always 'myself', 'yourself', 'itself' ete: egpride yourself on, avail yourself of, lend itself to

NB Do not expect to find fixed idiomatic phrases such as 'step out of line' and 'eat your

heart out' in this book You can find them in theLongman Idioms Dictionary.

First look for the main verb Phrasal verbs are listed alphabetically according to theirparticles after each main verb When you get to the phrasal verb you want, you willfind that the senses of each phrasal verb are listed in order of frequency This meansthat the commonest meanings are listed first The commonest and most useful phrasalverb meanings have a i~next to them, so that you can see which are the mostimportant ones to know, •

For example, suppose you are looking for get up, meaning to 'get out of bed' First look

for the main verb GET.Get upis near the end of the phrasal verbs in GET, after phrasalverbs such as get about, get ahead, and get together

You then need to look for which sense of get up you want The sense of get up

frequently used sense - in this dictionary the senses of the phrasal verbs are listed inorder of frequency, so the most frequent sense comes first.

4 Grammar information

The new Longman Phrasal Verbs Dictionary demonstrates clearly how phrasal verbs areused, with grammar patterns shown at each sense These show whether a phrasal verbtakes an object, where the object goes, and whether the object is human or non-human Grammar patterns are also placed in order of frequency

For example, at tum on(=make something start working), there are two grammarpatterns:

Iturn onIsthl Iturn I~

These patterns show that the object can come either after the phrasal verb or betweenthe verb and the particle

NB The examples also show how this phrasal verb is used, and how the position ofthe object can vary - I turned on the radio and listened to the6o'clock news I Could you turn the oven on if you're going into the kitchen? I Marion walked over to the overhead projector and turned it on.

Atnod off(=start to go to sleep), there is only one grammar pattern:

Atjoin in(=take part in an activity with other people) the grammar patterns are:

Ijoin inl Ijoin in ~

These grammar patterns show that join incan be used without an object, or with anobject immediately after the phrasal verb The examples also show this:

When we come to the chorus, I want everyone to join in I Politely, he joined in the laughter.

At talk into (=persuade someone to do something, especially something they areunwilling to do), the following grammatical pattern is shown:

Italk[Sb]intoI~

This shows that talk into must have two objects, the first is a person (sb), and the second is a thing (5th) The examples also show this:

I should never have let you talk me into this crazy scheme I "Why did you go with him?" "Wen

he sort of talked me intoit!"

Separable phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs such asturn on, put off,and rip off,all of which can take an object inthe middle of the phrasal verb or after the phrasal verb, are usually called 'separable'phrasal verbs With separable phrasal verbs, the following rules apply:

If the object is a pronoun, such as 'it', 'her', 'them', 'me', 'you' etc, it must comebetween the verb and the adverb: egtum off If you're not listening to the radio, I'll turn it

off.(NOTI'll turn off it.)

If the object is a long phrase, it should come at the end, after the phrasal verb:

The French carried out a series of six nuclear tests.

5 Other useful information in this dictionary

Synonyms and opposites

A synonym is a word or phrase that has the same meaning as another word If aphrasal verb has a synonym or a word that has almost the same meaning, this is shown

at the end of that sense of the phrasal verb The synonym can be a verb, a phrasal verb,

or a verb phrase The synonym(s) are introduced by the words 'SIMILAR TO' Here aresome examples:

At put off (=delay doing something until later, or arrange for something to happen at

a later time)

SIMILARTO,postpone

At head for (=go towards a place)

SIMILARTO,make for

At put on (=make a light or machine start working)

SIMILARTO,switch on, turn on

Opposites are shown as follows:

turn up (=increase the amount of sound, heat etc)

OPPOSITE,turn down

Information about whether or not a phrasal verb is passive

Phrasal verbs that are usually passive are marked 'USUALLY PASSNE' Phrasal verbs thatare never used in the passive are marked 'NOT PASSNE' If a phrasal verb is only normallyused in the passive, it is shown in its passive form in bold at the head of the entry Forexample, at be booked up (=there are no more seats, rooms, places etc available -

used in British English), only the form be booked up is shown.

Related nouns or adjectives

Nouns and adjectives which are related to a phrasal verb are shown after the meaning

of the phrasal verb that they are derived from For example, blackout (noun) appearsafter the phrasal verb black out (=suddenly become unconscious), and made-up (adjective) appears after the phrasal verb make up (=invent a story, name etc)

Labels

The following labels are used in this dictionary:

ErE used in British English

AmE used in American English

spoken used mainly in spoken English

informal used when speaking or writing to people that you know well

formal used in speeches, in serious or official writing, but not in ordinary

conversation

old-fashioned used by people in the past, although you may sometimes hear it

being used now

used in literature but not in ordinary conversation

used when talking or writing about specific technical subjects whichare not familiar to most ordinary people

this expression is extremely rude and offensive and you should not

literary

technical

taboo

literary if you abandon yourself to something,

especially a strong feeling, you let it have a

very strong influence on your behaviour, and

do not try to control yourself: That night they

abandoned themselves to passion IAs she

danced, she abandoned herself to the

sensu-ousness of the music

ABIDE

abided, abided, abiding

Iabide by~

formalto obey or agree to accept a rule, law,

agreement, or decision: The President has to

abide by the same rules and laws as everyone

else,IBoth countries have shown their

willing-ness to abide by the peace agreement ITyson

promised to abide by the terms and conditions

literaryorformal to contain a lot of something:

The rivers abounded with fish. IThe CostaAzul

abounds with bars, restaurants and

night-clubs. Ia densely forested area, abounding in

to be very interested in what you are doing,

especially so that you do not pay attention to

what is happening around you: Natalie was

sit-ting up in bed, absorbed in her book II was so

absorbed in my work that I didn't notice the time.

some-health or religious reasons: Women are

usual-ly advised to abstain from alcohol during the early stages of pregnancy. IAbstaining from sex is a sure way of avoiding this route of HIV infection.

abstain from doing sth For a whole month,

Muslims abstain from eating and drinking during daylight hours.

formalto agree to do what someone demands

or asks you to do, especially when you donot want to do it: The King was forced to accede to pressure for major political reforms. I Prison authorities have so far refused to accede to any of the prisoners' demands. IIf a doctor accedes to a patients request to withdraw treatment, he or she may find himself in trouble with the law.

*SIMILAR TO: bow to

2 Iaccede toI~

formal to officially become the leader of acountry and be in charge of the government

accede to power General Abacha acceded

to power after a military coup.

accede to the throne (=become king orqueen) Queen Elizabeth acceded to the throne in 1953.

*SIMILAR TO: come to

both seem right: Her evidence accorded with

that of the other witnesses. IThis view would

seem to accord with Marx's own theories on

to form a particular part or amount of

some-thing: Exports account for over 80 per cent of

sales. IPeople from ethnic minority groups

now account for one in ten of the population. I

Britain plays by far the biggest role,

account-ing for 31 per cent of all foreign investment in

the Us.

*SIMIlAR TO: make up

2 Iaccount for ~

to give a satisfactory explanation why

some-thing happened or why you did something:

How do you account for the sudden

disap-pearance of the murder weapon? IHis boss

called him into his office and asked him to

account for his actions. IThis was one

phe-nomenon which Darwin's theory of Evolution

could not account for.

*SIMIlAR TO: explain

3 Iaccount forIsthI

to be the reason for something: People felt

that Clinton was doing a good job This may

account for his high popularity rating, despite

the scandal over his relationship with Monica

Lewinsky. IGenetic factors probably account

for the higher incidence of depression among

women.

*SIMILAR TO: explain

4 Iaccount for [~

to know where people or things are, or what

has happened to them, especially when you

are worried that some of them are missing:

Firefighters later said all the children except

for one little boy had been accounted for. I

Most of the jewellery that was stolen has now

been accounted for.

S Iaccount for' sthIUSUALLY PASSIVE

to say how money has been used or will be

used: Every penny of the taxpayer's money has

to be accounted for.

6 Ithere's no accounting for taste I

spoken used to say that it is difficult to

under-stand why someone likes something or

someone, or wants to do something: "Why is

Doug going out with that awful woman?"

"Like they say, Rosie, there's no accounting

*SIMILAR TO: long for

familiar with it because you have seen it,

read it, used it etc: Anyone who is acquainted

with the details of the case will realize that the men are completely innocent.

be fully acquainted with sth All employees

should be fully acquainted with health and safety regulations.

be well acquainted with sth He was well

European writers of his day.

*SIMILAR TO: be familiar with

2 'acquaint yourself with Is~

formal to find out about something so that

you are familiar with it: She always took the

trouble to acquaint herself with the interests of her students.

*SIMILAR TO: find out

3 Iacquaint ~ withIsth [ formal to give someone information aboutsomething so that they know about it andare familiar with it: He decided to use this opportunity to acquaint her with his plans for the company.

*

acted, acted, acting

act for

I actfor I sb ]

if someone, especially a lawyer, acts for you,

you employ them to deal with something for

you or speak for you in a court of law:

Lawyers acting for ex-smokers are suing the

big tobacco companies for billions of dollars. I

The buyer of the painting said he was acting

for an American client, who wished to remain

anonymous.

*SIMILAR TO: represent

• Act upon is more formal than act on and is

mostly used in writing

Iact on/upon ~

to do what someone has advised, ordered etc

you to do, or do something because IOU

have received some information or ha an

idea: Acting on a hunch, she went into his

study and looked through his letters.

act on sb's advice/orders/suggestion J

real-ize now that J should have acted on my

father sadvice.

act on information Police say they were

acting on information from an undisclosed

source.

1 lactoutlsthl ~outl

to perform the events in a story, play, or a

sit-uation: We had to act out the story of Jesus s

birth in Bethlehem. IThrough playing,

chil-dren act out the dramas of adult life, and learn

how to master new situations. ILike every

teenager, Kylie acted out her fantasies of pop

stardom in front of her bedroom mirror.

2 Iact outIsthI §]sth lout I

to express your feelings and emotions through

your behaviour, especially as a way of getting

rid of feelings of unhappiness or anger:

Teenagers often act out their frustrations by

turning against their parents.

*SIMILAR TO: vent

1 I actupI

to behave badly - used especially about

chil-dren: He was always acting up in class and

caused his teachers no end of trouble. I

McEnroe developed something of a reputation

for throwing tantrums and acting up on court.

*SIMILAR TO: play up BrE informol

informo/lf a part of your body acts up, It starts :

to hurt or stops working properly: My elbow

started acting up again, and J had to stop playing.

*SIMILAR TO: play up BrE informol

Add in 90 million tons from industry, and Americas grand total is around 250 million tons of waste-paper

*SIMILAR TO: include, factor in

BrE to put something in with something else,

in order to combine them together: Add in the sugar and stir gently.

on an extra week in Bali

+ to An additional service charge of 10% will be added on to your bill.

*SIMlLAR TO: put on

2 Iadd onI s!hJ IaddI sth~ Iadd onI X

to add another part to a house, town, garden

etc, in order to make it larger: The previous

owners had added on an extension at the back

of the house. IThe Howardfamily added on to the castle in the 16th century.

*SIMILAR TO: build on

add to

1 laddto~

to make something increase, for example theprice or amount of something: This will only add to the cost of getting itfixed.

*SIMILAR TO: increase

2 Iadd to 15th]

to make a feeling stronger, a quality morenoticeable, or a situation worse: The report will only add to the public Sfears about genet- ically modified foods. IHe seemed much older.