Grammar and exercises – grade 11

Chú ý : như ta đã biết hiện tại phân từ present participle có thể được dùng cho các động từ trên để diễn tả hành động đang tiếp diễn.. Còn động từ nguyên thể dùng trong trường hợp này ch[r]

GRAMMAR and EXERCISES – Grade 11 Unit 1 :

I PRONUNCIATION:

1) Phát âm là /dɔ/  các  có   là : j, dg, gg, ge, gi, di, du,

Ex: jam, jar, jaw, jerk, joke, joy…

Germ, gin, genes, urgent, agent

Midget, edge, dodge, judge

Suggest, danger, agenda, soldier

2) Phát âm là / # /  các   là : ch, ture, tion, tual, and

Chin, cheese, change, watch, church

Picture, gesture, culture, future

Question, digestion

Mutual,

II GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY:

A Infinitive with to (Full Infinitive)

To infinitive with to is used in these following situations:

1 The subject of a sentence:

Ex: + To save money is necessary now.

2 The complement of a verb:

Ex: + Our duty is to study harder.

+ My plan is to start my own business.

+ To know her is to like her.

3 Object:

 To infinitive is used as object of these verbs:

(1a) S + V + to infinitive

agree, afford, appear, arrange, attempt(try), begin, start, care, choose, claim, decide, deserve, determine, demand, desire,

fail, forget, happen, hesitate (do dự), hope, intend, learn (how), manage, mean, need, neglect (bỏ mặc), offer, plan, prepare,

promise, pretend (giả vờ), refuse, tend, threaten, swear, seem, want, wish, undertake (đảm nhận, đảm bảo, cam đoan), would

like…

Ex: + We hope to pass the next exam with high marks

(1b) S + verb + obj + to inf

advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, want,

warn…

Ex: + They don’t allow us to smoke in the office.

+ I taught myself to play the guitar.

(2) S + V + N + to infinitive

+ to have s.th to eat/ drink/ do …

+ to have a desire to do s.th (ước muốn làm điều gì)

+ to shơ a determination to do s.th (bày tỏ quyết tâm làm gì)

+ to have a tendency to do s.th (có khuynh hướng làm gì)

+ to make an attempt to do s.th (nổ lực làm điều gì)

+ to make a decision to do s.th

Ex: + She had a desire to find a well-paid job.

(3) S + be + adjective + to infinitive

 To infinitive is used as object of these adjectives:

Able, afraid, amused, annoy, anxious, astonished, certain, cold, delighted, difficult, eager, easy, glad, hard, happy, hot,

lovely, necessary, pleased, ready

Ex: + I’m very glad to see you again.

 To infinitive is used after “ for/ of”

Ex: + I’ll wait for you to finish the tasks.

4 To infinitive is used after Noun or pronoun to replace for a clause.

Ex: + English is an important language to master.

Ex: + Have you got anything to read now?

5 To infinitive is used to express a purpose or result:

TOO +Adj / Adv OR Adj / Adv + ENOUGH Ex: + We go to school to widen our knowledge.

Ex: + He was born to succeed in many fields.

+ She is too tired to go for a walk.

+ I’m strong enough to carry that heavy box.

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+ He isn’t rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi.

B Bare infinitive: Bare infinitive is used in these situations:

1 After “modal verbs”

Ex: He can speak three languages

2 After the verbs of sense: (Perceptive) “feel, hear, see, watch, smelt, notice, observe, spot …”

Ex: + I saw her get out of the car.

+ We heard them sing all morning.

+ He saw the thief enter the hall.

Chú ý : %F ta GH 6 I% J phân  (present participle) có K GFL dùng cho các GN%5  trên GK P% Q hành GN%5 G$%5

9 P% Còn GN%5  nguyên K dùng trong :FS%5 L9 này T hành GN%5 GH hoàn U hay hành GN%5 nào G P% ra 

GV3 cho G% 3W

Ex: + I watched them playing football for a while 1:X% GU3 Y% G$%5 9 P%

+ I watched them play football yesterday afternoon (xem toàn 6N :X% GU3

+ I felt the wind blow strongly from the northeast.

+ The guard noticed the spy break into the computer network of the plant

3 After “make (yêu cầu), let, have (nhờ, khiến), help… ”

Ex: + They made me wait for them until they found the solution.

+ I helped the child tidy his desk.

+ He had a painter paint the gate.

+ They let him enter the room without a ticket.

+ My parents make me go to bed early.

4 After proverbs: had better, would rather …

Ex: + You had better study hard for the exams.

5 After BUT, EXCEPT ?%50J :@

Ex: + Why don’t you do anything but complain?

+ She agreed to do everything but help him with the homework.

Exercise:

Insert TO where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.

1 It is easy (be) wise after the event.

2 Do you (wish) (make) a complaint?

3 We don’t (want) anybody (know) that we are here.

4 IF you can’t (remember) his number you’d better (look) it up.

5 I want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought to (know) it.

6 He is said (be) the best surgeon `a4bɔb%c in the country (Bác sĩ quân y, bác sĩ phẩu thuật)

7 Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals.

8 Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please? I’m afraid Mr Pitt isn’t in Would you like (speak) with his secretary

9 It’d better (travel) hopefully than (arrive).

10.He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn’t you had better (show) him.

11.He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt /gilt/ (Tội lỗi)

12.I heard the door (open) and saw the shadow (move) across the floor.

13.She tried (make) me (believe) that she wasn’t my stepmother.

14.As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house.

15.I felt the house (shake) with the explosion.

16.He told me (try) (come) early.

17.Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen.

18.Would you (like) (come) in my car? - No, thanks, I’d rather (walk).

19.I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off.

20.It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) in under your bed is an old stocking.

21.He doesn’t even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them.

22.The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe.

23.If you knew he was wrong, why didn’t you (say) something? I didn’t like him (say) anything because he always gets

angry if you contradict him.

24.It’s better (be) to sure than sorry.

25.What do you (want) me (tell) him? Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delighted (discuss) the matter with

him.

26.Did you remember (give) him the money? No, I didn’t I still have it in my pocket; but I’ll (see) him tonight and I

promise (not forget) this time.

27.I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.

28.This is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you.

29.I was afraid (pick) up the revolver [ri'vɔbc (súng lục ổ quay) as I don’t know how (handle) firearms.(sung ngắn)

30.I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames (ngọn lửa).

* VOCABULARY: FRIENDSHIP

recite/ri'sait/(v) ngâm 1kZ recite a poem(v) ngâm 1 bài kZ recitation (n) 4l ngâm kZ recital (n) 3N ngâm kZ be

down(v) =be unhappy / sad : 63n%Z G$3 DoZ brighten up(v) = to make … brighter : làm :J%5 :pZ

acquaintance/ biD/.%b%4/(n) %5FS quen 6Z incapable/%iD.9b6/(adj) không Gs DQ %t%5Z không K # capable (adj) Gs DQ %t%5Z quality /'kw ɔliti/(n) 9v UZ unselfishness/,ʌ%i4.-#%4/(n) tính không ích DxZ be concerned with(v) quan tâm G%Z give and take(v) cho và %X%Z constancy/'kɔ%4b%4/(n) tính kiên Gy% , constant(adj) kiên Gy% , kiên trì , take up =

became interested in(v) thích thú quan tâm , enthusiasm/in'ju:ziæzm/(n), enthusiastic(adj) t%5 hái, enthusiast(n) %5FS say mê, %I tình , be tired of(v) = be fed up with , be bored with: chán %Q% , changeable/i#.%ʒb6/(adj) hay thay GoZ

uncertain # certain(adj) không kiên Gy% # ~ ~%Z kiên Gy%Z lifelong(adj) 43W GSZ loyalty/'lɔb/(n) 4l trung thành,

loyal(adj) trung thành, suspicious/ 4bi49#b4/(adj) nghi %5SZ hoài nghi, suspicion(n) 4l nghi %5SZ suspect/4bi49.D/(v) nghi

%5SZ rumour/i:3b/(n) tin Gn%Z gossip(n) S bàn tán, trust(n) lòng tin, tín %IZ trustful (adj) tin %5FSZ hay tin,

mutual/ i7373b/(adj) = each to the other : Y% nhau, secret/'si:krit/(n) G3 bí XZ V kín, secrecy(n) 4l 5 bí XZ

sympathy(n) 4l thông QZ sympathetic/Z49bi.D/(adj) thông QZ sympathize(v) có I% QZ thông QZ aim (n) =

purpose € GwZ aimless(adj) = purposeless không € GwZ sorrow(n) % 63n% :V3Z sorrowful(adj) G$3 63n%Z

pursuit/ 9bi473/(n) 4l theo G3oZ F3 V3Z pursue(v) theo G3oZ benefit(n) L ích, principle(n) nguyên lý, nguyên ~Z sum

up(v) tóm JZ physical = mental(adj) K U tinh V%Z square face (n) ƒ  G% (vuông), medium(adj) trung bình,

oval / ib3/(adj) trái xoan, forehead /'f ɔ:rid, 'fɔ:hed/(n) trán xói, crooked(adj) cong, D0~Z caring (adj) quan tâm t sóc, hospitable /'h ɔ49b6/(adj) 3 khách, hospitality(n) tính 3 khách, modest(adj ) tính kiêm W%Z modesty(n) 4l kiêm

W%Z generous(adj) :N%5 FL%5Z generosity(n) tính :N%5 FL%5Z sincere /s%i4b/(adj) lòng thành XZ # insincere(adj) không

thành XZ honest(adj) trung thành, chân XZ honesty(n) tính chân XZ interviewee(n) %5FS GFL 9„%5 U%Z

interview(v) 9„%5 U%Z admire /bi$b/(v) khâm 9€Z admiration /Z}bi:.#%/(n) 4l %5Fp%5 NZ

admirable/ i}b:b6/(adj) G%5 khâm 9€Z profile(n) 4k =3 lý yZ quick-witted(adj) nhanh trí, good-natured

/i53i%.#b/(adj) W 6€%5Z studiuos /i473b4/(adj) siêng %t%5Z keenly :cách say mê, residential(adj)  … , residential

area(n) khu gia F , residence(n)  …

* Physical charecteristics:

- Build: slim, plump 16€ 6vZ obese/b3i64/ = overweight, muscular /'m ʌ4D73b/, stocky ( l Fp%5Z†

- Height: medium, tall, short, …

- Face: square, large, oval, skinny, chubby /i#ʌbi/ (phúng phính), long, with high cheek-bones /i#D6b3%/

(gò má cao)

- Forehead: /'forid/ : broad /'br ɔ:d/ = wide = large, high, wrinkled /i:‡D1%t%Z …

- Nose: straight, crooked /'krukid/(a) cong, turned-up = snup 1Z pointed 1%ˆ%Z flat 1‰Z†

- Hair: black, grey, red, dyed /dai 1%3NZ Curly, wavy, glossy /'gl ɔsi/(hào nhoáng), shoulder length, sleek 1FLZ bóng), crew-cut(ca rê, G%Z a bun (búi tóc), plait /plæt1G3r sam), bald /b ɔ:ld/ = receding/ri'si:di‡/(hói, :ˆZ a

fringe/frindʒ1N mái, tóc Z râu chòm F ŠZ …

- Lips: heart-shaped, thin, full, black and blue …

- Chin: pointed chin, double chin, …

- Skin: suntanned /'s ʌn'tænid/, oriental /,ɔ:ri'entl/(óng %5ˆ trai), a smooth complexion /smu:ð Dbi9.D#%/, pale

complexion /peil/(tái), greasy skin /'gri:sil/(da %S%Z …

* Personalities: quick-witted (adj) nhanh trí, good-natured (adj) W 6€%5 ,studiuos (adj) siêng %t%5 , keenly N cách say

mê, honest (adj) trung thành, chân XZ honesty (n) tính chân XZ eager to learn, patient, calm,…

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Lan’s Talk

My best friend is Ha We’ve been friends for a long time We used to live in Nguyen Cong Tru Residential in Hanoi Her family moved to Haiphong in 1985 It is said that Haiphong people are cold, but Ha is really, really friendly I started to get to know her when

I was going on a two-day trip to Do Son last year and I didn’t know anybody there I gave

Ha a ring and she was so friendly, she said, “Oh, I’ll come to visit you.” So she rode on her motorbike to Do Son and twenty minutes later she was there She stayed with me for two days She happened (chance- tình S to know a lot of people there, so she introduced me around, and we’ve been best friends ever since.

Long’s Talk

My best friend is Minh We met in college I was there singing and Minh was a guitarist So we worked together a lot Minh has a great sense of humour, he’s very, very funny, and that’s one of my favourite things about him And over the years, we have been through good times and bad times with each other, and that’s one of the things I like best about him And we have a lot of the same interests We like to go to plays and movies together But when we’re going through a rough time, he’s really a good friend, and he’s a very good listener, and he always helped me through.

Unit 2 :

I PRONUNCIATION:

1) Phát âm là /m /  các  có   là : m, mm, mb, mn

Ex: meal, map, milk, make; swimming, summer; climb, comb, lamb, tomb; autumn, column…

2) Phát âm là /n /  các  có   là : n, nn, kn, gn, pn

Ex: now, noon, neat, nurse; funny, annoy, dinner; know, knight, knit; sign, gnat, gnaw; pneumonia

3) Phát âm là /Œ /  các  có   là : ng, n

Ex: singer, hunger, hang, wrong, among; donkey, anchor, rank, bank

II GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY:

I PRESENT TENSE INDICATING PAST TIME 1]P% Q các hành GN%5Z 4l DI% !Q= ra trong quá D khi các hành GN%5Z 4l DI% G là N 3 trong :3=I% o tích, %%5 câu 3=I% DK còn mãi  S gian Làm cho câu 3=I% :… nên 4W%5 GN%5 k%

Ex: + The story is about a girl called Cinderella who lives with her stepmother

II PAST SIMPLE

* Usage:

1 ]P% Q N hành GN%5 !Q= ra và U  J N S GK xác Gy% hay N D0Q%5 S gian xác Gy% trong quá D

Ex: - We went to the summer music festival last year.

- They lived in Paris for 2 years then they moved to Rome.

2 ]P% Q N Ž quen trong qu D

Ex: - They met twice a month to handle administrative business.

3 K J N 3 hnh GN%5 !Q= ra trong qu D

Ex: - The woman came to the door, unlocked it, entered the room.

4 Dùng trong N I% G 9€ s$ câu G3 DI% 0J 2

Ex: - If I were in your place, I would accept the job offer.

Exercise :put the verbs in brackets into the correct form :

1 What you ………….(say) when you ………….(see)him last week

2 Why you………(not tell) me about her family before?

3 It would be better if you……… (go) there yourself

4 He ………….(teach) English in our school 4 years ago

5 I………… (mail) the letter when I went out to lunch

III PAST PROGRESSIVE

* Usage:

1 ]P% Q N hành GN%5 hay N 4l I G$%5 P% ra ngay J S GK GFL xác Gy% trong quá D Ex: - He was writing a composition at 9 o’clock last night.

Notes: Hành GN%5 làm gián G0J% N hành GN%5 khác G$%5 P% ra J N S GK trong quá D GFL chia … Thì qu D Gk%1.5 When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang)

2 U% J% tính liên € s$ hành GN%5 P% ra trong 43W N D0Q%5 S gian GFL xác Gy% trong quá D

Ex: - We were watching TV all the evening last Friday.

3 ]P% Q hai hành GN%5 !Q= ra Gn%5 S trong quá D

Ex: - While I was doing my homework, my sister was writing an e-mail.

Notes: Some adverbs : at the time, at this time last week (month/ year), in the summer, during the

summer, all (day/ week/ month)

* Những trường hợp không chia được với “past progressive” :

- Be

- Verbs of emotions : like/ dislike/ hate/ want/ love/ prefer/ admire

- Verbs of mental states : think/ believe/ understand/ remember/ forget/ know/ need/ imagine/

suppose/ recognize

- Verbs of sense : look/ seem/ appear/ taste/ smell

- Verbs of possession : have/ own/ possess/ belong

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Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form : ( past simple or past progressive )

1 She ………… (work) very hard yesterday

2 They suddenly………(realize) that they ………(travel) in the wrong direction

3.When I………… (pick) up the teapot, the handle ………….(come off)

4 While I………(swim), someone (steal) my clothes and I ………….(have) to walk home in my swimsuit

5 As he………(eat), he could not answer clearly

PAST PERFECT

(a) My parents had already eaten by the

time I got home.

(b) Until yesterday, I had never heard

about it.

The past perfect expresses an activity that

was completed before another activity or time in the past.

(c) Sam had already left when we got

there.

(d) Sam left before we got there.

(e)After the guests had left, I went to bed.

(f) After the guests left, I went to bed.

If either before or after is used, the past

perfect is often not necessary because the time relationship is clear The past tense may be used then

Exercise : put the verbs in brackets into the correct form ( past simple or past perfect):

1 When I ……… (reach) the station, the train……… (already, leave)

2 It was not until I ………(read) your letter that I………(understand) the truth

3 He…………(sleep) all night but he……… (be) still tired in the morning

4 Tom and John………(know) each other because they………(meet) the summer before

5 I ………… (rush) to the airport, but the plane………(leave)

* VOCABULARY: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES ( Kinh %5I cá nhân )

embarrassing (adj) lúng túng , embarrass (v) làm lúng túng , embarrassment (n) 4l lúng túng / %5FL%5 ngùng ,

floppy hat (n) nón % , idol(n) V% FL%5 , idolize (v) V% FL%5 hóa , idolization (n) 4l V% FL%5 hóa ,

video clip(n) N G0J% phim , glance (at)  nhìn , sneaky (adj) lén lút , €%5 :N , make a fuss (v) làm V Ž ,

effect = influence(n) Q% F…%5 , appreciate(v) coi :ˆ%5 , G% giá cao , appreciation (n) 4l G% giá cao ,

appreciative (adj) 6 G% giá cao , attitude (n) thái GN , jumble (v) :N% N% !N% , turtle (n) rùa 6K% ,

tortoise(n) rùa GU , scream (n) %5 hét , la hét , embrace (v) ôm U9 , unforgettable (adj) không K qquen ,

forgettable(adj) có K quên , forgetful (adj) tính hay quên , complain to (someone ) about (something) than 9% (ai)  (cái gì G , complaint (n) S 4l than 9% , string (n) 4L dây , hood (n) ’ trùm GV3 , riding (n)

môn p %5l$Z cottage(n) nhà tranh , set off (v) start to go (somewhere) 6~ GV3 G G3 G , break out (v) = start

to happen : bùng %o , marriage (n) hôn nhân , pay attention to (v) = notice chú ý

Unit 3 :

I PRONUNCIATION:

1) Phát âm là /l /  các  có   là : l

Ex: letter, link, table, little, late

2) Phát âm là /r /  các  có   là : r 1G%5 GV3 

Ex: rain, rink, red, riddle, rubber

3) Phát âm là /h /  các  có   là : h

Ex: hat, ham, hit, heart … (except: hour, honor, honest…)

II GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY:

A Infinitive: (U.1 - Review)

* FULL INFINITIVE: To infinitive with to is used in these following situations:

1 The subject of a sentence:

Ex: + To save money is necessary now.

2 The complement of a verb:

Ex: + Our duty is to study harder.

+ My plan is to start my own business.

+ To know her is to like her.

3 Object:

a To infinitive is used as object of these verbs:

(1a) S + V + to infinitive

agree, afford, appear, arrange, attempt(try), begin, start, care, choose, claim, decide, deserve, determine,

demand, desire, fail, forget, happen, hesitate (do dự), hope, intend, learn (how), manage, mean, need, neglect (bỏ

mặc), offer, plan, prepare, promise, pretend (giả vờ), refuse, tend, threaten, swear, seem, want, wish, undertake

(đảm nhận, đảm bảo, cam đoan), would like…

Ex: + We hope to pass the next exam with high marks

(1b) S + verb + obj + to inf

advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach,

tell, want, warn…

Ex: + They don’t allow us to smoke in the office.

+ I taught myself to play the guitar.

(2) S + V + N + to infinitive

+ to have s.th to eat/ drink/ do …

+ to have a desire to do s.th (ước muốn làm điều gì)

+ to shơ a determination to do s.th (bày tỏ quyết tâm làm gì)

+ to have a tendency to do s.th (có khuynh hướng làm gì)

+ to make an attempt to do s.th (nổ lực làm điều gì)

+ to make a decision to do s.th

Ex: + She had a desire to find a well-paid job.

(3) S + be + adjective + to infinitive

 To infinitive is used as object of these adjectives:

Able, afraid, amused, annoy, anxious, astonished, certain, cold, delighted, difficult, eager, easy, glad, hard, happy,

hot, lovely, necessary, pleased, ready…

Ex: + I’m very glad to see you again.

 To infinitive is used after “ for/ of”

Ex: + I’ll wait for you to finish the tasks.

4 To infinitive is used after Noun or pronoun to replace for a clause

Ex: + English is an important language to master.

Ex: + Have you got anything to read now?

5 To infinitive is used to express a purpose or result: TOO +Adj / Adv OR Adj / Adv + ENOUGH

Ex: + We go to school to widen our knowledge.

Ex: + He was born to succeed in many fields.

+ She is too tired to go for a walk.

+ I’m strong enough to carry that heavy box.

+ He isn’t rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi.

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* BARE INFINITIVE: Bare infinitive is used in these situations:

1 After “modal verbs”: - Ex: He can speak three languages

2 After the verbs of sense: (Perceptive) “feel, hear, see, watch, smelt, notice, observe, spot …”

Ex: + I saw her get out of the car

+ We heard them sing all morning

+ He saw the thief enter the hall

Chú ý : %F ta GH 6 I% J phân  (present participle) có K GFL dùng cho các GN%5  trên GK P% Q hành GN%5 G$%5 9 P% Còn GN%5  nguyên K dùng trong :FS%5 L9 này T hành GN%5 GH hoàn U hay hành GN%5 nào G P% ra  GV3 cho G% 3W

Ex: + I watched them playing football for a while 1:X% GU3 Y% G$%5 9 P%

+ I watched them play football yesterday afternoon (xem toàn 6N :X% GU3

+ I felt the wind blow strongly from the northeast.

+ The guard noticed the spy break into the computer network of the plant

3 After “make (yêu cầu), let, have (nhờ, khiến), help… ”

Ex: + They made me wait for them until they found the solution

+ I helped the child tidy his desk

+ He had a painter paint the gate

+ They let him enter the room without a ticket

+ My parents make me go to bed early

4 After proverbs: had better, would rather …

Ex: + You had better study hard for the exams.

5 After BUT, EXCEPT ?%50J :@

Ex: + Why don’t you do anything but complain?

+ She agreed to do everything but help him with the homework

B GERUND:

Danh GN%5  có U3 trúc 5W%5 %F I% J phân  1 là GN%5  thêm ING): talking, learning, cutting,… Danh GN%5 Z %F tên 5ˆZ là GN%5  dùng %F danh  Danh GN%5  s =3 G%5 … y trí, và l I% 

%t%5Z s$ N danh  trong câu Nó FS%5 GFL :

1/ Subject

- Swimming is good for our health.

- Being friendly will bring you friends.

2/ Object of a verb

- These boys like swimming.

- My brother practises speaking English every day.

3/ Subject complement

- My hobby is swimming.

- Seeing is believing.

4/ Object of a preposition

- He is fond of swimming.

- She is interested in learning English.

5/ Dùng trong câu ngăn cấm ngắn (short prohibition) hoặc để thành lập danh từ kép (compound noun)

- No smoking.

- No talking, please.

- a swimming pool.

- a dining room.

- a washing machine.

6/ Dùng sau tính từ sở hữu :

- Please forgive my coming late.

- His driving carelessly often causes accidents.

7/ After the verbs : appreciate*, anticipate 1G0% :FZ avoid, begin, consider, delay, deny, detest (ghê …Z enjoy, escape, excuse*, fancy 1F…%5 FL%5Z finish, forgive*, go on, imagine, involve (bao hàm, 5nZ keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon*, practise, prevent from, postpone, recall, recollect, resent 16l Z quit, risk, suggest, understand*, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t resist, can’t face, it’s no good, it’s no use, it isn’t, worthwhile, be worth, be near, be busy, feel like, there is (no, little, much, nothing like…), …

Ex: + We must avoid hurting other people’s feelings

+ James suggested going to the movies

+ I can’t stand seeing you bite your nails

+ We enjoy listening to music.

+ I can’t help laughing when she makes jokes.

* NOTE: The verbs marked (*) are nearly always followed by a possessive Adj / noun in the (Possessive case + Gerund.) E.g : + Please excuse ( forgive , pardon ) my disturbing you

@ Here are some common verbs that are followed either by the Gerund or the Infinitive

*Group 1 : Either the gerund or the Infinitive may be used after these verbs , but there is often a difference of

meaning

omit can’t bear

E.g : He began to see the truth

I must remember to post the letter.

I remember seeing her when I was a little girl.

*Group 2: The Gerund or a Personal object + Infinitive follow these verbs in the active voice; in the passive

voice only the Infinitive is used

E.g : He doesn’t allow talking in this room

He doesn’t allow us to talk in this room.

We aren’t allowed to talk in this room

*Group 3: The Gerund used after these verbs in equivalent to the Passive Infinitive (The gerund is the only form

used after TO BEAR)

need want require deserve bear

E.g: My shirt needs mending (needs to be mended)

* Chú ý : 'N 4W GN%5  có K theo sau 6… danh GN%5  0ƒ GN%5  nguyên Y3 %F%5 có 4l khác 6I 

%5Ž$ trong câu

(*) Remember + gerund : % J I G l I%

- I remember posting the letter

Remember + to infinitive : % GK l I%

- I remember to post the letter

(*) Stop + gerund : %5F%5 l I% I G$%5 làm

- She stopped mending the dress

Stop + to infinitive : %5F%5 làm N I gì khc GK làm I này

- He stopped to have a drink

(*) Try + gerund : “ lm I gì

- I try writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better

Try + to infinitive : W 5~%5 lm I gì

- They tried to work as hard as they could

(*) Mean + gerund : mang ý %5Ž$

- Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year

Mean + to infinitive : l Gy% lm I gì

- He means to take the coming exam

(*) Forget + gerund : quên G3 gì G !Q= ra

- I forgot telling her this story

Forget + to infinitive : quên làm G3 gì

- I forgot to tell her about this

(*) Regret + gerund : W  I G !Q= ra

- She regrets going to a village school

Regret + to infinitive : W  4” lm I gì

- The party was great He regretted not to go there

Lop11.com

C PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND:

* Passive Infinitive là J%5 6y N%5 s$ GN%5  nguyên K •N%5  nguyên K TO DO khi Go sang câu 6y GN%5 thì 5 nguyên SZ T Go TO DO thành TO BE DONE

+ to be going to → to be going to be done

+ used to do → used to be done

+ to have to do → to have to be done

+ to like (somebody) to do → to like to be done

+ to want somebody to do something → to want something to be done

+ to advise, recommend, urge, order…

Direct Object + Infinitive + Object → advise that someone should be done

Ex: + He urged the council to reduce the rates (câu thông FS%5 The council was urged to reduce the rates)

→ He urged that the rates should be reduced.

* Passive Gerund là J%5 6y GN%5 s$ GN%5  … J%5 V-ing V-ing khi 3=K% sang J%5 BEEING DONE 0ƒ HAVING BEEN DONE

Ex: + They suggested banning advertisements for cigarettes on TV

→ They suggested that advertisements for cigarettes should be banned on TV.

* Notes: NEED + V-ing/ to be done

Ex: + These shoes need polishing.

= These shoes need to be polished.

*PASSIVE INFINITIVE:

1 Form: S + V + tobe + V3

2 Usage:

a.) •N%5  nguyên Y3 … K 6y GN%5 GFL dùng sau N 4W GN%5  GK T 4l 6y GN%5 s$ s %5

eg: + She hope to be considered again

+ He swore not to be treated like that again

b.) Dùng GN%5  nguyên Y3 GK GF$ ra lý do

eg: + She works hard not to be blamed

c.) Dùng GN%5  nguyên Y3 6y GN%5 theo sau các tính  3 tính  FL dùng GK P% Q tình Q

0ƒ thái GN  hành GN%5 trong Fk%5 lai

Eg: + I am eager to be selected

+ She is glad to be invited to the party

d.) •N%5  nguyên Y3 6y GN%5 còn GFL dùng sau danh 

eg: + It’s time to be separated 1GH G% lúc 9Q 6y tách ra)

+ We have the right to be loved (chúng ta có q3=% GFL yêu Fk%5

*PASSIVE GERUND:

1 Form: S + V + being + V3

2 Usage:

1 Instead of selecting the applicants, he went out for a

coffee

2 The teacher is keen on including the new students in

the school activities

1 Instead of being selected the applicants, he went out

for a coffee

2 The teacher is keen on being included the new

students in the school activities Danh GN%5  … K 6y GN%5 có các cách dung 5W%5 %F cách dùng s$ danh GN%5  … K s GN%5

%F%5 nó mang %5Ž$ 6y GN%5

a) Passive gerund làm s %5

Eg: + Being treated unfairly made her decide to quit the job

b) Passive gerund làm tân %5 sau N 4W GN%5  : like, hate, mind…

eg: + I don’t like being laughed at

c) Passive gerund làm tân %5 cho 5 

eg: + She is afraid of being beaten

+ My father was looking forward to being warmly greeted at the meeting

Ha a ring and she was so friendly, she said, “Oh, I’ll come to visit you.” So she rode on her motorbike to Do Son and twenty... same interests We like to go to plays and movies together But when we’re going through a rough time, he’s really a good friend, and he’s a very good listener, and he always helped me through.