304 4 Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ►.. Present perfect The secretary has just finished the report... The report has just been finished by the secretary..[r]
Trang 1^ Jtu -ffng 5 CÂU BJ ĐỘNG
(PASSIVE SENTENCES)
I CÁC BƯỚC ĐÓI CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG:
1) Xác định s , V, o trong câu chủ động
2) Xác định thì của động từ
3) Lẩy o trong câu chủ động làm s trong câu bị động, lấy s trong câu chù động làm o trong câu bị động
4) Lay V chính trong câu chủ động đổi thành V3/ed rồi thêm BE thích hợp trước V3/ed
5) Đặt BY trước o trong câu bị động
Eg: (A) The cat ate the mouse (Con mèo đã ăn con chuột.)
-> (P) The mouse was eaten by the cat
Trong (A), The cat là s, ate là V chính, the mouse là o Lấy the mouse làm s
và the cat làm o trong (P), Lấy V chính đổi thành V3 là eaten Do V chính trong (A) ờ thì quá khử đcm và The mouse trong (P) số ít nên BE phải là was Đặt by trước the cat
II ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG VÀ BỊ ĐỘNG:
Tenses
Kx am pies
Active Passive
Simple present Lan cleans the floor every
morning
The floor is cleaned by Lan every morning
Simple past Nam broke the glasses. The glasses were broken by
Nam
Present The pupil is not doing some Some exercises are not continuous exercises. being done by the pupil
Past continuous Mother was cooking dinner
at 6 yesterday
I
Dinner was being cooked
by mother at 6 yesterday
304 4 Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ►
Trang 2Present perfect The secretary has just
finished the report
The report has just been finished by the secretary
Past perfect The boy had found the key
before 9 yesterday
The key had been found by the boy before 9 yesterday
Simple future Mr Brown will not teach
our class
Our class will not be taught
by Mr Brown
Future perfect The students will have
written many compositions
Many compositions will have been written by the students
Modal verbs
The students must do this exercise in class
This exercise must be done
in class by the students
m MỘT s ố ĐIẺM CẰN LƯU Ý:
1) Câu hỏi chủ động và bị động:
(A) Did your father make this chair?
(P) Was this chair made by your father?
f Có phải bổ của bạn đã ỉàm chỉểc ghế này không?)
(A) Who repaired your bicycle?
(P) Whom was your bicycle repaired by?
(By whom was your bicycle repaired?)
(Ai đã sửa chiểc xe đạp của bạn?)
(A) What plays did Shakespeare write?
(P) What plays were written by Shakespeare?
(Shakespeare đã viết nhũng vở kịch nào?)
► Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ► 305
Trang 32) Lược bỏ túc từ trong câu bị động:
Nếu chủ từ trong câu chủ động KHÔNG chỉ rõ là người hay vật cụ thể, rõ ràng (people, someone, every one, no one, any one, I, we, you, they, s/he, it) thì khi đổi sang câu bị động (by people /someone / every one / no one / any one / me /
us / you / them / her / him / it) có thể được bò đi
Eg: (A) People built that bridge in 1998
(P) That bridge was built in 1998
(Mọi người xây cây cầu đó vào năm ỉ 998.)
3) Động từ có hai túc từ:
3.1 Động từ cần giới từ TO: give, lend, send, show
(A) John will give me this book (=John will give
this book to me.)
-> (PI) I will be given this book by John
(P2) This book will be given to me by John
(John sẽ đưa cho tôi cuỗn sách đó.)
3.2 Động từ cần giới từ FOR: buy, make, g e t
(A) He bought her a rose (=He bought a rose for her.)
-ỳ (PI) She was bought a rose.
■> (P2) A rose was bought for her
(Anh ẩy mua tặng cô ấy một bông hồng.)
306 4 Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ►
Trang 44) M ột sổ dạng bị động khác:
4.ỉ Cẩu trúc: They/People sa y/think/believe th a t
- (A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
-ỳ (PI) It is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
(P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day
(Mọi người nói Henry ăn mười quả trúng mỗi ngày.)
(A) They thought that Mary had gone away
“> (PI) It was thought that Mary had gone away,
•ỳ (P2) Mary was thought to have gone away.
(Mọi người nghĩ Mary đã đi rồi.)
4.2 Cẩu trúc H A V E / GET + something + V3/ed
- (A) I had him repair my car.
(P) I had my car repaired (by him)
(Tôi yêu cầu anh ẩy sửa chiếc xe ô tô cùa tôi,)
- (A) I get her to make some coffee.
(P) I get some coffee made (by her)
(Tôi bảo cô ấy pha giúp tôi ừ cà phê.)
5) Câu mệnh lệnh (Imperative sentences):
Câu mệnh lệnh có cấu trúc như sau: Verb + object
Don’t + verb + object Dạng bị động được thành lập bằng cách dùng động từ LET
Let + object + be + Pỉi Eg: Write your name here! Let your name be written here
(Hãy viết ten bạn ở đây!)
Don’t make so much noise -> Let not so much noise be made/ don’t let
so much noise be made
(Đừng ỉàm on!)
ị Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ► 307
Trang 5I Use the words in the box to complete these passive sentences Use any appropriate tense
1 An i sland _by water
2 I _to the wedding but I couldn’t come
3 Many accidents _by reckless driving
4 A new dormitory in the campus at present
5 A lot of the ư e e s down in a storm a few days ago
6 Some politicians by terrorists recently
7 The concert _at the university next Sunday
8 This money b o x _for five years
9 The electric light bulb by Thomas Edison
10 The -ing form of ‘sit’ with a double “t”
11 The accident _ in the newspaper yesterday
12 Mickey Mouse cartoons _into sixty languages
13 The election results_on television at the end of/this month
14 This program _by students at Stanford University
15 Thank goodness! My jewellery _ in the robbery last night
II Put the verbs into the most suitable passive form
1 There’s someone behind us I think w e _(follow)
2 A mystery is something th a t _(can’ư explain)
3 We didn't play football yesterday The m atch _(cancel)
4 The television (repair) It’s working again now
5 The church tow er _(restore) The work is almost finished
6 “How old is the tower?”- “ I t _(believe) to be over 600 years old.’ ’
7 If I didn’t do my job properly, I (would/ sack)
308 4 Glài thfch ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ►
Trang 68 A: I left some papers on the desk last night and I can’t find them now B: T hey _ (mighơ throw) away
9 I learned to swim when I was very young I _(teach) by my mother
10 A fter _ (arrest), I was taken to the police station
11 This road _ (repair), so we have to take another road
12 Two p e o p le _(report) t o _ (injure) in an explosion at a factory early this morning
13.1 haven’t received the letter I t (míghư send) to the wrong address
14, The vegetables didn’t taste very good They _(cook) for too long
15 The examination papers are scored by machine The students _(tell) their results next week
III P ut these sentences into the passive voice
1 Should they help Jane with the sewing?
2 The mechanic is repairing Judy’s car
3 Must we finish the test before ten?
4, They use a computer to do that pjob nowadays
5 Employers must pay all travel expenses for this training course
6 Did her story take them in?
7 The bank manager kept me for half an hour
8 Has he spelt this word wrongly
9 All his friends will see him off at the airport
10 They used to drink beer for breakfast in England years ago
► Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ► 309
Trang 711 Someone might have sent the letter to the wrong address.
12 They were cleaning the floor when I arrived
13 They are digging the hole on the wrong side of the road
14 They are going to steal your money if you’re not careful
15 Has anyone ever asked you for your opinion?
16 Alan’s knowledge of art doesn’t impress me
17 How do people make candles?
18 They can’t make tea with cold water
19 When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
20 Nobody informed the police that there had been a mistake
21 Where will your company send you next year?
22, Who looked after the children when you were away?
23 Look! Someone is feeding the seals
24 Kathy had returned the book to the library
25 By this time tomorrow, the president will have made the announcement
26 The pollution in the city was affecting people’s breathing
310 < Giải thích ngừ pháp tiếng Anh ►
Trang 827 Mrs Andrews hasn’t signed those papers yet Has Mr Andrews signed them yet?
28 Is a student pilot flying that airplane?
29 Where did they hold the 1988 Olympic Games?
30 Do they make those tractors in this country, or do they import them?
IV Change active to passive, paying close attention to special structures
1 Parents always give me proper encouragement
2 I remember someone giving me a toy drum on my fifth birthday
3 Someone saw him pick up the gun
4 They asked me some difficult questions at the interview
5 Don’t touch this switch
6 He won’t let you do that silly thing again
7 The real estate office will send you a copy of the sales contract
8 I didn’t expect the police to find my car
9 I rarely hear her call her children bad names
10 Someone seems to have made a terrible mistake
11 I think they should have offered Tom the job
» Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ► 311
Trang 912 People say that Arthur robbed a bank a long time ago.
13 They used to make little boys climb the chimneys to clean them
14 They suggested banning the sale of alcohol at football matches
15 Take off your coat
16 They have sent that money to the poor families
17 He recommended using bullet-proof glass
18 She loves someone praising her all the time
19 We believe that he has special knowledge which may be useful to the police
20 You need to have your hair cut
V W rite the sentences in another way, beginning as shown
1 Someone reported that the situation was under control
The situation
2 It is said that she works 16 hours a day
She _
3 Someone thinks that the company is planning a new advertising campaign The company
4 Everyone expects that the soap opera will end next year
The soap opera
5 It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour
The man
6 Someone reported that the President had suffered a heart attack
The P r e s i d e n t _
312 i Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ►
Trang 107 They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall.
The prisoner _
8 It is reported that the buildings have been badly damaged by fire
The buildings
9 It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods
Many p eo p le
10 We all expected Marta would pass her driving test
M arta
11 People believe that he was killed by terrorists
H e
12 We knew that you were in town on the night of the crime
Y o u _
13 Journalists supposed that the footballer Wayne Johnson was earning £10 million a year
The footballer Wayne Johnson _
14 It is said that there is a secret tunnel between those two houses
There
15 We know that they lives in a small flat on the fifth floor
T h e y
16 Lots of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated The Prime M inister _
17 It is believed that the boy is wearing a white pullover and blue jeans
The b o y _ _
18 Everyone expects that the hostages will be released soon
The hostages
19 It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion
Two people _ _
20 They say exercise is good for health
Exercise _
► Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ► 313
Trang 11VI P ut the verbs into the correct form, active or passive.
1 A: Who met yoil at the airport yesterday?
B: Well, when I _(arrive) to the airport, I (meet) by my best friend, Joanna
2 A ; _(you/ pay) your electricity bill yet?
B: No, but I'd better pay it today If I don't, my electricity _(shut off)
by the power company
3 A: W hen _ (your camera/ steal)?
B: Two months ago While I was on my holiday, my cam era _
(disappear) from my hotel room
4 A: Is the small lot behind your house still for sale?
B: No, i t _(sell) since last month and a new house _ (build) on it next month
5 A: I (leave) some papers on the desk last night and I can’t find them now B: I t (might/ throw) away
6 A: What a nice garden! I t _(must/ take) good care of
B: That’s right We can see that the plants and flowers _ (water) everyday and the grass _ (cut) regularly
7 Can you come to the police station? The man w h o _ (suspect) of stealing your w alle t _ (arrest), a n d (question) at the moment The police hope h e _ (identify), either by you or another witness
8 The building at the end of the High Street is Barford Hall, w h ich (build) in 1827 Today the H all _(own) by Bardale Council I t _ (use) as a warehouse when i t _(buy) by the Council in 1952, and it _ (not look) after very well Since then a lot of w ork _ (do) on it, and these days the Hal] _ (use) as an art centre
9 The Eiffel Tow er _(be) in Paris, France I t _ (visit) by millions of people every year I t _(design) by Alexandre Eiffel (1832 -1923) It _ (erect) in 1889 for the Paris exposition Since that time, i t _ (be) the most famous landmark in Paris Today i t _ (recognize) by people throughout the world
10 Winton C astle _(damage) in a fire last night The fire, which _ (discover) at about 9 o'clock, spread very quickly N obody _ (injure) but two people had t o _(rescue) from an upstairs room A number of paintings - (believe/destroy) I t _ (not/ know) how the fire started
314 < Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ►
Trang 1211 Repair work started yesterday on the Paxham-Longworth road The road _(resurface) now and there will be long delays Drivers _ (ask) to use an alternative route if possible The w o rk _(expect) to last two weeks Next Sunday the road _(close) and traffic _ (divert)
12 In Paxham yesterday a shop assistant _(force) to hand over £500 after _(threaten) by a man with a knife The man escaped in a car which _ (steal) earlier in the day The c a r (later/ find) in a car park where i t _ (abandon) by the thief A m a n _ (arrest) in connection with the robbery an d _(still/ question) by the police
VII Choose the correct verb forms in this news report about a storm Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ( Ỉ ) _by a storm which (2 ) _ across the north of England last night The River Ribble ( 3 ) _its banks after heavy rain Many people (4 ) _from the floods by fire-fighters, who (5 ) _hundreds of calls for help Wind speeds ( 6 ) _ ninety miles an hour in some places Roads (7 ) _by fallen trees, and electricity lines (8) _ down, leaving thousands of homes without electricity ‘Everything possible (9 ) _ to get things back to normal’, a spokesman (10) _
1 a has caused b, has been caused c.caused
2 a swept b was swept c was being swept
3 a was burst b has been burst c burst
4 a rescued b were rescued c be rescued
5 a has received b.received c were received
6 a reached b is reached c were reached
7 a has blocked b blocked c were blocked
8 a were brought b.brought c had brought
9 a was done b is being done c is doing
10 a said b was said c say
v r n Reply to w hat people say Use the subject in brackets
1 A: The bus fares have been increased, (they)
B: What? You m ean _ _ _ _again!
► Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ► 315