A complete English language course part 8

Language point 25 – ‘have’ We saw got in Language point 24 – but got is also used with have to show possession in colloquial English.. In Dialogue 3 the barman says: We haven’t got any l

ASSISTANT: We haven’t got any lager today.

JENNY: Oh What kind of beer have you got, then?

ASSISTANT: We haven’t got any

JENNY: No beer? OK, I’ll have a glass of wine

ASSISTANT: Red or white?

JENNY: Red, please

ASSISTANT: We haven’t got any more red, unfortunately

JENNY: Oh for goodness sake! – white, then!

ASSISTANT: We haven’t got any white either

JENNY: Just give me three bags of crisps, then

ASSISTANT: Sold out

JENNY: No beer, no wine, no crisps, What kind of pub is

this?

ASSISTANT: A bad one

Language point 25 – ‘have’

We saw got in Language point 24 – but got is also used with have

to show possession in colloquial English In Dialogue 3 the barman

says:

We haven’t got any lager

Idiom

• When something is sold out it means the shop has sold it all and

there’s none left:

We’ve sold out of oranges

= ‘We’ve sold all our oranges (so you can’t buy any here)’

• We say for goodness sake when we are irritated or cross about

something, or we are losing our patience with the situation It’s

not rude when said to people that you are on informal or friendly

terms with

Oh hurry up, for goodness sake!

Oh for goodness sake, stop complaining!

Look at some more examples:

I’ve got five pounds

Terry hasn’t got any money at all

Susan’s got a Ferrari

Have you got a ten-pound note?

Notice that got doesn’t change, but that have changes to has for the

third person singular, and that we use SHORT FORMSof have in

state-ments, and LONG FORMS+ n’t in the negative:

she’s got she hasn’t got

This meaning of got is different from the one Helen uses in Dialogue

2, when she says I got some apples Compare these two sentences:

I got some apples = ‘I bought some apples’

(action of getting)

I’ve got some apples = ‘I have some apples’ (possession)

We’ve already seen that get/got has a number of different meanings – and this is true of have as well Jenny says:

I’ll have a glass of wine

Here she isn’t talking about possession, she’s using I’ll have to order

a drink or say what she wants Similarly, if someone wants to buy someone else a drink, they often say:

What’ll you have?

Because this isn’t possession, we don’t use have got, so we can’t say:

‘I’ll have got a glass of wine.’

‘What’ll you have got?’

We’ll see other uses of have in later units.

1111

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1211

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

4211

Exercise 5

These sentences all use have got to talk about possession – change

them as indicated The first two are done for you

1 Dave’s got a new car [?] Has Dave got a new car?

2 You haven’t got a phone [?] Have you got a phone?

3 Has he got time? [+] _

4 I haven’t got enough time [+] _

5 Have they got enough money? [–] _

6 Su’s got a car [–] _

7 We haven’t got the tickets [?] _

8 Has Fiona got them? [+] _

Exercise 6

Put a tick against the possession sentences, and a cross against the

others

1 I have eggs for breakfast every morning

2 Jenny’s got a big paper bag

3 Have you got any money on you?

4 I’ll have a cup of coffee, please

5 My brother hasn’t got a jacuzzi

7 The children are having fun

9 Henry got a letter this morning

10 Has your house got central heating?

Dialogue 4

Dave isn’t happy with the bill.

DAVE: Could you check this bill for me – I don’t think it’s right WAITER: Certainly First, did you have two coffees?

DAVE: Yes Then I had a Danish pastry and my friend here had

a roll and butter

WAITER: [ticking them off on the bill]

OK Then you had two mineral waters

DAVE: No I didn’t have a mineral water My friend had one,

but I had another coffee

WAITER: Ah sorry about that You were right, and I was

wrong

Language point 26 – ‘two coffees’

We saw in Language point 23 that words such as coffee are

UNCOUNTABLE(UC), and that this means that they:

• can’t have plurals

• can’t be used with numbers

But in Dialogue 4 the waiter says:

Did you have two coffees?

We also saw that UC nouns can’t be used with a/an, but Dave says:

I didn’t have a mineral water

These examples seem to break the rules, but they don’t Some

uncountable nouns can also be countable (C) in special cases:

• coffee (UC) = the drink itself

• coffee (C) = ‘a cup of coffee’ – cup is a COUNTABLEnoun, so coffee

is countable when it means this, and it behaves like any other countable noun:

a coffee

two coffees

Another example of a UC/C noun is paper: it means the material itself when it’s UC, but it means newspaper when it’s C:

I’m going to buy some paper (UC) (to write on)

I’m going to buy a paper (C) (to read)

1111

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1211

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

4211

Idiom

• We use sorry, of course, to apologise to someone If we want to

refer back to the situation or incident we’re apologising for, we

say sorry about that.

Most dictionaries for learners of English will tell you when a noun can be both UC and C Some books and dictionaries call UC nouns MASS NOUNS.

Language point 27 – ‘don’t think’

In Dialogue 4, Dave is unhappy with the bill He thinks to himself:

The bill isn’t right

but then he says to the waiter:

I don’t think it’s right

not ‘I think it isn’t right’

In colloquial English we don’t usually say I think when what follows

is NEGATIVE – instead we change it round and say I don’t think +

POSITIVE Here are some more examples:

I don’t think Sarah’s coming (Sarah isn’t coming)

I don’t think you’re right (you aren’t right)

I don’t think we’ve got time (we haven’t got time)

Exercise 7

Change the following into ‘I don’t think ’ sentences The first one

is done for you

1 Kath isn’t here I don’t think Kath’s here

2 My watch isn’t working properly _

3 The children aren’t hungry _

4 That’s not important _

5 The coffee isn’t very nice _

6 We aren’t on the right bus _

7 This bus doesn’t go to the airport _

8 You don’t understand _

9 Henry doesn’t read books _

10 The students aren’t listening _

Dialogue 5

Su is at the supermarket checkout, where the checkout assistant asks her if she has a card.

C/ASSISTANT: Have you got a MegaSave card?

SU: No How do I get one?

C/ASSISTANT: Just fill in this form – it’s quite simple

SU: [begins to fill it in] What about my postcode – I can’t

remember what it is

C/ASSISTANT: Leave it out for now – we can fill that in for you later SU: Oh look! Now I’ve made mistake with my phone

number Shall I tear it all up and start again?

C/ASSISTANT: No, no! Just cross it out and write it in again over

the top

[Su fills in the form]

SU: What do I do with it now?

C/ASSISTANT: Give it back to me Your card will arrive in the post

in a day or two

Language point 28 – ‘one’, ‘another’

and ‘other’

When a countable noun has already been mentioned, we can use one to refer to it again:

Fred had a coffee, and I had one too

I need a pencil – have you got one?

I’ll have a beer – what about you? – I’ll have one as well

Another /ə`nðər/ is an ADJECTIVEused with SINGULARC nouns – it

is made up of an + other, but it is written as one word It has two

different meanings:

I’ll have another coffee, please (= one more)

Give me another cup, please (= a different one)

When we use another without the noun, we often add one:

This cup is dirty – can I have another?

or This cup is dirty – can I have another one?

1111

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1211

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

4211

But other adjectives can’t stand on their own in English – if the noun

is not stated, then one must take its place:

(I prefer the red hat) I prefer the red one

not ‘I prefer the red’

(I need a blue shirt) I need a blue one

not ‘I need a blue’

Other is different from another:

• it can be used with both SINGULARandPLURALnouns:

the other man, other men, the other men

• when it’s used with the, we write it as two words, not one:

another, but the other not ‘theother’

• we can’t use it to mean ‘one more’ –

Can I have another biscuit? (one more)

Can I have the other biscuit? (a different one)

There is a PLURAL PRONOUNthe others:

Where are the others? = ‘Where are the other ones?’

but we don’t normally use the singular:

Where is the other one? not ‘Where is the other?’

Exercise 8

Correct the following sentences Be careful – two of them don’t

need correcting

1 This fork is dirty – can I have other one?

2 I don’t like these shoes – can I try the other?

3 Would you like other cup of tea?

4 Could you get me another one glass of milk?

5 This one’s OK but I prefer other one

6 Another tea and two coffees, please

7 James is here but where are the others?

8 I don’t like these – let me try another ones

9 Another CD is better than this one

10 Other one car is more expensive than this one

Phrasal verbs

cross out – ‘delete’; ‘draw a line through’.

fill in – ‘complete (a form)’.

give back (something) – ‘return (something)’.

leave out – ‘omit’; ‘not include’.

tear up – ‘destroy by tearing’.

sell out (of something) – ‘sell all of something’.

tick off – ‘make a mark with a pen or pencil against an item on a list’.

write (something) in – ‘add something in writing’.

Life and living – numbers and money

Numbers

Just as in most places in the world today, you won’t get far in the

UK without money, especially when it’s time to do the shopping.

But before that, you need the numbers!

1 one 6 six 11 eleven 16 sixteen

2 two 7 seven 12 twelve 17 seventeen

3 three 8 eight 13 thirteen 18 eighteen

4 four 9 nine 14 fourteen 19 nineteen

5 five 10 ten 15 fifteen 20 twenty

Notice their pronunciation:

/θri/ /εit/ /θ`tin/ /εi`tin/

/fɔr/ /nɑin/ /fɔ`tin/ /nɑin`tin/

/fɑiv/ /tεn/ /ff`tin/ /`twεnti/

21 – twenty-one, etc.

Now look at the tens:

30 thirty/`θti/ 70 seventy/`sεvnti/

40 forty/`fɔti/ 80 eighty/`εiti/

50 fifty/`ffti/ 90 ninety/`nɑinti/

60 sixty/`sksti/ 100 a hundred/ə `hndrəd/

200 – two hundred, etc.

1111

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1211

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

4211

We use and /n/ after hundred, but not after the tens:

501 five hundred and one /fɑivhndrədn`wn/

346 three hundred and forty-six /θri:hndrədnfɔti`sks/

Although Britain is a member of the EU (European Union), it is not part of the European single currency (though it may join

even-tually), and so does not use the euro /`jυərυ/ , although some shops

do accept them, especially in large cities

The unit of currency in Britain is the pound (£) /pɑυnd/ , which

is divided into 100 pence /pεns/ Prices are said as follows:

£2.49 two pounds forty-nine

/tupɑυndzfɔti`nɑin/ or /tufɔti`nɑin/

53p fifty-three pence

/fftiθri`pi/ or /fftiθri`pεns/

British money comes in paper notes (£5, £10, £20 and £50) and

metal coins (1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p, £1 and £2).

In colloquial English a £10 note is called a tenner, and this is also used for a price of exactly £10:

How much do you want for this? – A tenner.

Similarly, a £5 note is called a fiver But you can’t use these words

in prices generally:

£10.58 ten fifty-eight

As well as cash, you can pay for things with cheques or credit cards

or debit cards Credit cards are a way of borrowing money from the

credit card company; debit cards are issued by your bank and simply allow you to use money from your account without having to write

a cheque – the transaction goes through electronically The

commonest type of debit card is a Switch card – for example, you would say to the shop assistant, ‘Can I pay by Switch?’ or ‘Can I use Switch for this?’

Glossary

member – someone or something that belongs to an organisation

single currency – the monetary system of the European Union

eventually – in the end; some time in the future

euro – the EU unit of currency

cash – banknotes and coins, not cheques

issued – given to you by an organisation

account – where you keep your money at the bank

transaction – the act of buying something and paying for it

1111

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1211

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

4211