Đề thi TOEFL 18

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２００２ 年 １０ TOEFL 试题　

Section One: Listening Comprehension

1 (A) She wants the man to make a

reservation for her

(B) They don't need a reservation tonight

(C) They should make reservations for next

weekend

(D) She thinks the restaurant will be crowded

tonight

2 (A) Get her watch fixed

(B) Purchase a watch for the man

(C) Cancel the next meeting

(D) End the meeting early

3 (A) Take the class with a different professor

(B) Take a class in a different subject

(C) Ask the professor if she can take the class

(D) Complete the required courses this term

4 (A) He isn't sure who won the game

(B) The game won't be played until next week

(C) It started raining after the game was over

(D) It probably will rain next week

5 (A) The book had been misplaced on the

shelf

(B) He can probably get a copy of the book for

the woman

(C) He will call the warehouse to see if the book

is available

(D) The woman should check to see if other

bookstores have the book

6 (A) He used to have problems doing the

assignments

(B) The woman should become a tutor

(C) The woman won't have difficulty in her next

class

(D) The woman needs help with her

assignments

7 (A) Buy the cheaper ice cream

(B) Buy the brand of ice cream he usually buys

(C) Choose an ice cream that tastes good

(D) Get ice cream at a different store

8 (A) He didn't enjoy the game because the

team lost

(B) He's impressed by the efforts of the team

(C) The woman is wrong about who won the game

(D) The players could have won if they'd tried harder

9 (A) The woman already knew about the increase in fees

(B) The dorms will be cheaper than off-campus housing

(C) The woman thinks the man should move out

of the dorm

(D) The woman is pleased she won't have to pay the higher fees

10 (A) He didn't know that David was having a problem

(B) The woman doesn't know much about accounting

(C) David hasn't started working on his project yet

(D) David is going to ask the woman for help

11 (A) Invite his family to go to Alaska with him

(B) Get advice on how to organize the trip (C) Make a flight reservation as soon as possible

(D) Borrow money from his family

12 (A) He'd like to go for a walk another time (B) He doesn't want to walk in the rain (C) He's on his way to check out a book (D) He only has time for a short walk

13 (A) She doesn't speak French very well (B) She may be too busy to help

(C) She didn't attend the French Club meeting yesterday

(D) She hadn't heard about the activities fair

14 (A) She needs to relax

(B) The man should try harder to concentrate (C) She has almost finished the reading

assignment

(D) The music will bother her

15 (A) Speak to his previous employer (B) Get a job working on campus

(C) Attend the career services workshop

(D) Get a job application form from her

16 (A) She will wash the sweater

(B) The sweater has the wrong label

(C) The man can get another sweater

(D) The manufacturer will repair the sweater

17 (A) He's very busy Friday night

(B) He hasn't seen his parents for a long time

(C) He's sorry that he missed dinner

(D) He accepts the woman's invitation

18 (A) Discuss her report with the man

(B) Give the man her history notes

(C) Work on an assignment

(D) Answer the man's questions

19 (A) She's going to spend the whole year in

New York

(B) She plans to travel somewhere other than

New York

(C) She decided not to take a vacation this year

(D) She won't be able to travel until later in the

year

20 (A) She doesn't think that she looks like the

student

(B) Many of her students look alike

(C) She isn't related to the student

(D) Her daughter isn't in her class

21 (A) The woman will probably not be able to

get the call she's waiting for

(B) The woman's phone call isn't important

(C) He'll call the phone company for the

woman

(D) He'll try to repair the "woman's phone

22 (A) He also plans to drop a class

(B) He also waited in line for a long time today

(C) He doesn't know where to go to drop a class

(D) He missed the deadline for dropping a class

23 (A) The man should use a new printer

(B) The man's primer isn't set up correctly

(C) There is nothing wrong with the man's

printer

(D) She can't help the man right away

24 (A) The woman should wear his scarf to the

game

(B) It will be cold at the game

(C) The woman should borrow another sweater (D) He'll go home and get another scarf

25 (A) She understands why the man seems unhappy

(B) She will help the man change his diet (C) The man should see a doctor

(D) The doctor has already explained the problem to her

26 (A) The number of people who voted was very low

(B) The vote was very close

(C) Congressman Baker didn't run for office (D) She was not pleased with the results

27 (A) He's sorry that the woman didn't like the book

(B) He can order the math book for the woman (C) It's too late for the woman to get a refund (D) The woman bought the book less than ten days ago

28 (A) He was pleased with the art in the collection

(B) He prefers small art exhibits to large ones (C) He hasn't visited the art gallery yet

(D) He doesn't enjoy going to art galleries

29 (A) He'd like to invite the woman for lunch (B) He didn't expect to join the woman for lunch

(C) He can help the woman solve the math problem

(D) He wants to postpone his lunch meeting with the woman

30 (A) Vote for the man

(B) Read the man's speech

(C) Introduce the man to the class president (D) Tell her friends to vote in the election

31 (A) The early history of bookbinding (B) How old books become valuable

(C) Economical ways to protect old books (D) Why some books deteriorate

32 (A) They are often handled improperly by readers

(B) The paper is destroyed by chemicals (C) The ink used in printing damages the paper (D) The glue used in the binding loses its strength

33 (A) They are difficult to read

(B) They are slowly falling apart

(C) They were not made from wood pulp

(D) They should be stored in a cold place

34 (A) It's very expensive

(B) It hasn't proven to be totally effective

(C) It can be damaging to some books

(D) It can't be used on books published before

1850

35 (A) Get some books for the man to look at

(B) Ask the man to look over her notes

(C) Continue her research in the library

(D) Find more information on how books are

preserved

36 (A) To plan an exhibit of the student's

artwork

(B) To discuss different whaling techniques

(C) To prepare for a visit to a museum

(D) To review information for an examination

37 (A) Iron from old ships

(B) Wood found floating in the ocean

(C) Seashells of unusual shapes and colors

(D) The bones and teeth of whales

38 (A) To occupy their free time

(B) To bring good luck

(C) To earn extra money

(D) To take part in art competitions

39 (A) They were used in the home

(B) They were used to decorate the ship

(C) They were used to catch whales

(D) They were sold to art dealers

40 (A) The importance of anthropology to

modern society, (B) A good source of information about a

society

(C) Attitudes toward culture in the 1940's

(D) The relationship between anthropology and

the military

41 (A) Students might not consider them to be

an important part of culture

(B) They symbolize the rebellion of youth in the

1950's

(C) They are discussed in the student's textbook

(D) They have been worn for hundreds of years

42 (A) To show how politics have changed over the years

(B) To point out that T-shirts often provide personal information

(C) To illustrate how the printing on clothing has improved

(D) To support that T-shirts are a form of art

43 (A) Places where T-shirts are not acceptable (B) Images that are currently printed on T-shirts (C) Names of people who have made T-shirts popular

(D) Ways that T-shirts represent American culture

44 (A) Successful business practices

(B) Famous inventors

(C) Public health concerns

(D) Unsuccessful inventions

45 (A) They drank from public water fountains (B) They passed around a cup of water

(C) They drank from personal tin cups that they carried with them

(D) They bought a paper cup of water

46 (A) To demonstrate the importance of public health laws

(B) To point out that without luck businesses will not succeed

(C) To explain how traveling led to new inventions

(D) To illustrate the importance of having the right product at the right time

47 (A) How grasshoppers find food

(B) How grasshoppers fight other insects (C) How grasshoppers communicate with each other

(D) How grasshoppers escape from danger

48 (A) To correct a common misunderstanding about grasshoppers

(B) To help explain how well grasshoppers can jump

(C) To compare the size of grasshopper with that of other insects -

(D) To show how quickly grasshoppers respond

to danger

49 (A) They detect nerve impulses transmitted

to a grasshopper's legs

(B) They sense how far a grasshopper has

jumped

(C) They detect changes in air pressure

(D) They help a grasshopper find food

50 (A) The number of impulses transmitted to the grasshopper's legs

(B) The age of the grasshopper

(C) The number of sensory organs the grasshopper has

(D) The size of the nerves that control walking

1 Among the 450 artworks in the White

House art collection

(A) as is Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and

Two Children

(B) is Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and Two

Children

(C) which is Mary Cassatt's Young Mother

and Two Children

(D) Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and Two

Children

2 An unconsolidated aggregate of silt

particles is also termed silt, _ a

consolidated aggregate is called siltstone

(A) which

(B) why

(C) whereas

(D) whether

3 In 1864 the American Shakespearean actor

Edwin Booth gained critical acclaim when he

Hamlet at the Winter Garden

Theatre in New York City

(A) perform

(B) performed

(C) had been performing

(D) having performed

4 are chiefly derived from

petroleum

(A) Plastics today

(B) There are plastics today

(C) Because today plastics today

(D) Due to plastics today

5 Most tangerine trees and their flowers and

fruits resemble the orange, although

tangerines are generally smaller

(A) of those

(B) which of those

(C) those of

(D) which are of

6 Ohio, the center of _ the Hopewell culture, has the greatest concentration of ancient burial mounds in the United States

(A) called (B) what is called (C) that is called (D) is called

7 , such as jazz, are often played from memory rather than from a written score

(A) Of some types music (B) Music some of types (C) Some types of music (D) Types of music some

8 During the 1850', reform movements _temperance and the abolition of slavery gained strength in the United States

(A) advocating (B) they had advocated (C) to advocating (D) to advocate when

9 Many meteorites are thought to have origin ated from _ that once existed between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter (A) where a planet or planets

(B) a planet or planets so (C) which a planet or planets (D) a planet or planets

10 The modern automobile is a composed of more than 14,000 parts

(A) complex technical system (B) system of complex technical (C) complex technical system that (D) system is technically complex

11 over 100 years since the invention of the square-bottomed paper bag (A) Now is

(B) Now it has

(C) There is now

(D) It is now

12 The novelist John Dos Passes developed a

style of fiction incorporating several

documentary devices to his works

(A) lent realism

(B) that lending realism

(C) to lend realism

(D) of whos e realism lent

13 In Earth's infancy, its surface was warm

enough for life the young Sun

was fainter than it is today

(A) in spite of

(B) whether

(C) neither of which

(D) even though

14 The invention of the compound microscope (which allowed much higher magnification through multiple lenses) made _ the great strides in life sciences

(A) it possible (B) possibly (C) possible (D) it was possible

15 Hares generally have longer ears and hind legs than rabbits and move by jumping running

(A) rather to be (B) rather than (C) are rather (D) as rather

16 Lake trout, fish usually finding in deep, cool lakes, are greenish gray and are

A B covered with pale spots

C D

17 During the first 20 years of the space age, the United States spent more than 90

A B billion dollars onto its civilian and military space programs

C D

18 Vitamins A and C and most of the B vitamins are retain in foods that have

A B C been canned

D

19 Ella Baker spent her adult life working for social change by lecturing, writing,

A B teacher, and organizing adult literacy programs

C D

20 Gold can combined with silver in any proportion, but alloys with 50 to 60 percent

A B C silver are the_strongest

D

21 The camera obscura, a lensless precursor of the photographic camera, consists_of

A

a darkened chamber, with light pass into it through a single tiny hole

B C D

22 Lumber production was the main industry in Michigan until the early 1900's,

A B C which the automobile industry was established in Detroit

D

23 Twenty minutes of vigorous exercise every day is very effect in helping a person

A B C

to maintain physical fitness

D

24 It was not until after Emily Dickinson's death in 1886 that, hidden away in her

A B bureau, overly one thousand unpublished poems were discovered,

C D

25 Rocks form within Earth are called intrusive or plutonic rocks because the

A B magma from which they form often intrudes into neighboring rock

C D

26 Most fish swim by moving their tails from side to side , with little relatively body

A B C D undulation

27 In its life expectancy, although in most other things, the Sun is a typical star

A B C D

28 Machines need energy to function, whether it is animal or human muscle, wind or

A B waters currents, or heat-generated energy, such as steam

C D

29 The modern violin, the smallest and versatile instrument in the violin family, is

A B tuned in fifths and produces tones ranging over four and a half octaves

C D

30 Norman Rockwell was a meticulous artist who paintings portrayed family

A B incidents and well-defined characters with a wealth of supporting details

C D

31 By the late twelve century, stained glass had emerged in Europe as an integral

A B C D part of Gothic architecture

32 The United States, a nation with a highly diversified economy, is a major

A B exporter of grain, fruit, chemical, aircraft, and cars

C D

33 Canada began cultivation wheat intensively in 1910, which led to a demand for

A B tools, machines, housing, and building supplies

C D

34 Magnesium has little structural strength and must be alloyed with another metals

A B such as aluminum and zinc when it is to be subjected to stress

C D

35 Orchid seeds take up to eighteen months to mature before they sprout, and the

A B young plants may need another two years to reach at the flowering stage

C D

36 The oldest public edifice in Washington D.C., the White House was originally

A B constructed in the 1790's, also has been rebuilt or extensively remodeled

C three times since

D

37 Mitosis is the normal process by which a cell divides, each new cell ending up

A B C with a same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

D

38 There are a series of large-scale wind patterns all over Earth are called prevailing

A B winds that have a direct effect on weather and climate

C D

39 1n June, 1846, near Sacramento, California, a number of new settlers rebelled in

A B C the Bear Flag Revolt and proclaiming California an independent republic

D

40 A mutation is result of a definite biochemical change in a gene that causes the

A B offspring to vary in some characteristic from the parents

C D

Section Three: Reading Comprehension

Question I~9

The first birds appeared during late Jurassic times These birds are known from four very good skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany This fine-grained rock, which is extensively quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in a shallow (5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying vertebrates occasionally fell into the water

and were buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable detail In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons, which have been named Archaeopteryx, were fossilized And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons, but so also were imprints of the feathers If the indications of feathers had not been preserved in (10)association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these fossils would have been

classified among the dinosaurs, for they show numerous theropod characteristics

Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with an archeosaurian type of skull, a long neck, a compact body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a long tail The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned as wings

(15) Modern birds, who are the descendants of these early birds, are highly

organized animals, with a constant body temperature and a very high rate of metabolism In addition, they are remarkable for having evolved extraordinarily complex behavior patterns such as those of nesting and song, and the habit among many species of making long migrations from one continent to another and back (20)each year

Most birds also have very strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the ground as well as to fly in the air Indeed, some of the waterbirds, such as ducks and geese, have the distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the water, on land, and in the air, a range in natural locomotor ability that has never been attained (25)by any other vertebrate

1 According to the author, all of-the following

evidence relating to the first birds was found

EXCEPT

(A) nesting materials

(B) four skeletons in good condition

(C) two fragmented skeletons

(D) a single feather

2 The word "preserved" in line 8 is closest in

meaning to

(A) confused with others (B) gradually weakened (C) protected from destruction (D) lost permanently

3 It can be inferred from the passage that the Archaeopteryx were classified as birds on the basis of

(A) imprints of bones (B) imprints of feathers

(C) the neck structure

(D) skeletons

4 The word "they" in line 11 refers to

(A) indications

(B) fossils

(C) dinosaurs

(D) characteristics

5 Why does the author mention "a crow" in

line 12?

(A) to indicate the size of Archaeopteryx

(B) To specify the age of the Archaeopteryx

fossils

(C) To explain the evolutionary history of

Archaeopteryx

(D) To demonstrate the superiority of the

theropod to Archaeopteryx

6 It can be inferred from the passage that

theropods were

(A) dinosaurs

(B) birds

(C) Archaeopteryx

(D)crows

7 The word "constant" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) comfortable (B) combined (C) consistent (D) complementary

8 The author mentions all of the following as examples of complex behavior patterns evolved

by birds EXCEPT (A) migrating (B) nesting (C)singing (D) running

9 The word "attained" in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) required (B) achieved (C) observed

(D) merited

Questions 10-19

Newspaper publishers in the United States have long been enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps Although some newspapers that had carried the United States Weather Bureau's national weather map in 1912 dropped it once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the daily weather chart provided by (5) their local forecasting office In the 1930's, when interest in aviation and progress in

air-mass analysis made weather patterns more newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed the daily weather map In 1935, The Associated Press (AP) news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the AP's Washington, B.C., office (10)from charts provided by the government agency Another news service, United Press

International (UPI), developed a competing photowire network and also provided timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon newspapers After the United States government launched a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather Bureau

(15) In the late 1970's and early 1980's, the weather map became an essential

ingredient in the redesign of the American newspaper News publishers, threatened

by increased competition from television for readers' attention, sought to package the news more conveniently and attractively In 1982, many publishers felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily newspaper that used a page-wide, (20)full-color weather map as its key design element That the weather map in USA

21 Today did not include information about weather fronts and pressures attests to the

largely symbolic role it played Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan newspapers responded in a variety of ways Most substituted full-color temperature maps for the standard weather maps, while others dropped the comparatively drab (25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps with pictorial symbols to indicate

rainy, snowy, cloudy, or clear conditions A few newspapers, notably The New York Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually prominent weather map that

was specially designed to explain an important recent or imminent weather event

Ironically, a newspaper's richest, most instructive weather maps often are (30)comparatively small and inconspicuous

10 What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The differences between government and

newspaper weather forecasting in the United

States

(B) The history of publishing weather maps in

United States newspapers

(C) A comparison of regional and national

weather reporting in the United States

(D) Information that forms the basis for weather

forecasting in the United States

11 The word "resumed" in line 7 is closest in

meaning to

(A) began again

(B) held back

(C) thought over

(D) referred to

12 According to the passage, one important

reason why newspapers printed daily weather

maps during the first half of the twentieth

century was

(A) the progress in printing technology

(B) a growing interest in air transportation

(C) a change in atmospheric conditions

(D) the improvement of weather forecasting

techniques

13 What regular service did The Associated

Press and United Press International begin to

offer subscribing newspapers in the 1930's?

(A) A new system of weather forecasting

(B) An air-mass analysis

(C) Twice daily weather maps

(D) Cloud-cover photographs

14 The phrase "attests to" in line 21 is closest

in meaning to

(A) makes up for

(B) combines with

(C) interferes with (D) gives evidence of

15 The word "others" in line 24 refers to (A) newspapers

(B) ways (C) temperature maps (D) weather maps

16 The word "drab" in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) precise (B) poor (C) simple (D) dull

17 In contrast to the weather maps of USA Today, weather maps in The New York Times tended to be

(A) printed in foil color (B) included for symbolic reasons (C) easily understood by the readers (D) filled with detailed information

18 The word "prominent" in line 27 is closest

in meaning to (A) complex (B) noticeable (C) appealing (D) perfect

19 The author uses the term "Ironically" in line 29 to indicate that a weather map's appearance

(A) is not important to newspaper publishers (B) does not always indicate how much information it provides

(C) reflects how informative a newspaper can be (D) often can improve newspaper sales

Question 20-30

Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can

be credited with conscious processing

(5) Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all

and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of

nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun's position in the sky, (10)and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive Most

researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would (15) appear next When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the

bees circling the spot, waiting for their food No one has yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site

Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use Many (20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using

objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other (25)our chips and three chips Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the

chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort

of summing ability Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums

20 What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The role of instinct in animal behavior

(B) Observations that suggest consciousness in

animal behavior (C) The use of food in studies of animal

behavior (D) Differences between the behavior of

animals in their natural environments and

in laboratory experiments

21 Which of the following is NOT discussed

as an ability animals are thought to have?

(A) Selecting among choices

(B) Anticipating events to come

(C) Remembering past experiences

(D) Communicating emotions

22 What is the purpose of the honeybee

dance?

(A) To determine the quantity of food at a site

(B) To communicate the location of food

(C) To increase the speed of travel to food

sources (D) T identify the type of nectar that is available

23 The word "yet" in line 16 is closest in

meaning to

(A) however

(B) since

(C) generally

(D) so far

24 What did researchers discover in the study

of honeybees discussed in paragraph 2?

(A) Bees are able to travel at greater speeds than scientists thought

(B) The bees could travel 25% farther than scientists expected

(C) The bees were able to determine in advance where scientists would place their food (D) Changing the location of food caused bees

to decrease their dance activity

25 It can be inferred from the passage that brain size is assumed to

(A) be an indicator of cognitive ability (B) vary among individuals within a species (C) be related to food consumption

(D) correspond to levels of activity

26 Why are otters and mussel shells included

in the discussion in paragraph 3?

(A) To provide an example of tool use among animals

(B) To prove that certain species demonstrate greater ability in tool use than other species (C)

(D)

27 The word "rudimentary" in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) superior