Người viết hoặc nói câu này dùng hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn để nhấn mạnh hành động "viết bản báo cáo" đã diễn ra trong 2 giờ mà không ám chỉ rằng hành động này đã kết thúc [r]
Trang 1UNIT 7: FURTHER EDUCATION (Giáo dục bổ túc)
1 abroad /əˈbrɔːd/ (adv):ở nước ngoài
2 academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ (adj):thuộc vể hoặc liên quan đến giáo dục, việc học tập, mang tính học thuật
3 accommom dation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/(n): phòng ở
4 achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ (v):đạt được
5 admission /ədˈmɪʃn/(n): sự vào hoặc được nhận vào một trường học
6 analytical /ˌænəˈlɪtɪkl/(adj):(thuộc) phân tích
7 baccalaureate /ˌbækəˈlɔːriət/(n):kì thi tú tài
8 bachelor /ˈbætʃələ(r)/(n):người có bằng cử nhân
9 broaden /ˈbrɔːdn/ (n):mở rộng, nới rộng
10 campus /ˈkæmpəs/ (n): khu trường sở, sân bâi (của các trường trung học, đại học)
11 collaboration/kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn/ (n): cộng tác
12 college /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/ (n): trường cao đẳng hoặc trường chuyên nghiệp
13 consult /kənˈsʌlt/(v): hỏi ý kiến, tra cứu, tham khảo
14 coordinator /kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪtə(r)/ (n):người điều phối, điều phối viên
15 course /kɔːs/ (n): khoá học, chương trình học
16 critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/(adj):thuộc bình phẩm, phê bình
17 CV/ˌsiːˈviː/ (n): viết tắt của curriculum vitae, bản tóm tắt quá trình hoạt động của một người (thường nộp theo đơn xin việc); bản lí lịch
18 dean /diːn/(n):chủ nhiệm khoa (một trường đại học)
19 degree /dɪˈɡriː/ (n):học vị, bằng cấp
20 diploma /dɪˈpləʊmə/(n) : bằng cấp, văn bằng
21 doctorate /ˈdɒktərət/(n):học vị tiến sĩ
22 eligible /ˈelɪdʒəbl/(adj):đủ tư cách, thích hợp
23 enrol /ɪnˈrəʊl/ (v):ghi danh
24 enter /ˈentə(r)/ (v):gia nhập, theo học một trường
25 faculty /ˈfæklti/(n):khoa (của một trường đại học)
26 institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ (n):viện, trường đại học
27 internship /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ (n):giai đoạn thực tập
28 kindergarten /ˈkɪndəɡɑːtn/ (n): trường mẫu giáo ( cho trẻ 4 - 6 tuổi)
Trang 229 major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ (n): môn học chính của sinh viên, chuyên ngành
30 mandatory /ˈmændətəri/ (a):có tính bắt buộc
31 Master/ˈmɑːstə(r)/ (n): thạc sĩ
32 passion /ˈpæʃn/(n):sự say mê, niềm say mê
33 potential /pəˈtenʃl/(n): khả năng, tiềm lực
34 profession /prəˈfeʃn/ (n):nghề, nghề nghiệp
35 pursue /pəˈsjuː/(v):đeo đuổi
36 qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/(n): văn bằng, học vị, chứng chỉ
37 scholarship /ˈskɒləʃɪp/(n):học bổng
38 skill /skɪl/(n):kĩ năng
39 talent /ˈtælənt/ (n): tài năng, năng lực, nhân tài
40 training /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ (n): rèn luyện, đào tạo
41 transcript /ˈtrænskrɪpt/(n):học bạ, phiếu điểm
42 tuition /tjuˈɪʃn/(n): tiền học, học phí
43 tutor/ˈtjuːtə(r)/ (n):thầy giáo dạy kèm
44 undergraduate /ˌʌndəˈɡrædʒuət/(n): sinh viên đang học đại học hoặc cao đẳng, chưa tốt nghiệp
45 university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): trường đại học
46 vocational /vəʊˈkeɪʃənl/ (adj): thuộc vể hoặc liên quan đến học nghề, hướng nghiệp
UNIT7 - FURTHER EDUCATION
I Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differsfrom the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1 A degree B doctorate C graduate D kindergarten
2 A bachelor B chapter C chemistry D teacher
3 A culture B student C institution D university
4 A appreciate B psychology C programme D respectively
II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1 A biology B geography C education D relationship
2 A broaden B provide C pursue D succeed
3 A college B degree C language D subject
4 A analytical B opportunity C qualification D university
5 A bachelor B diploma C internship D scholarship
IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1 It is not easy at all to get a good job without any qualifications
A academic B social C great D favourite
2 At the level, you can join three-year or four-year colleges
Trang 3A primary B secondary C postgraduate D undergraduate
3 Hugh is quite worried because he hasn't… for the end-of-term test
A examined B researched C studied D read
4 Any pupil caught was made to stand at the front of the class
A misbehave B misbehaved C misbehaviour D misbehaving
5 They sacrifices so that their only child could have a good education
A made B did C provided D lent
6 A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants… degrees at all levels in a variety of subjects
7 You have to be highly to do well in these subjects
8 I can't cope well all the homework I've got to do!
9 .education normally provides undergraduate and postgraduate education.as well as vocational education and training
10 You'll find plenty of books on the… of business studies in the library
A lesson B studied C curriculum D schedule
11 I wonder if you could tell me who was awarded the…
12 My father said that I'd better spend more time on my
A student B studied C studious D studies
13 He has got a degree Information Technology from Oxford University.
14 I don't really the point of taking the exam when you are not ready for it
A annoy B have C see D take
15 If you're not sure what "plagiarism" means, look it in the dictionary.
16 Mrs Dawson said that we are our lesson in the library next Monday
A going B having C making D reading
17 My father wants me to go to university, but I'm in minds about it
A different B my C some D two
18 Yesterday, we had a discussion different cultures
A about B around C for D from
19 I still have a lot about the English language
A for learning B of learning C learning D to learn
20 Belinda missed a few months of school because of illness and found it difficult to keep with her classmates
21 If you need to the teacher's attention, just put up your hand
A attract B pay C take D pull
22 I did six hours of for the test, but I still failed
A education B survey C revision D training
23 Please, don't forget your essays during Friday's lesson
A hand in B handing in C to hand in D to handing in
24 Australians and New Zealanders often have a/an year before going to college or after finishing high school to travel overseas independently
A gap B new C busy D graduation
25 It's my ceremony next week; I think my parents are looking forward to it more than I am
A graduation B graduate C graduating D graduates
Trang 426 Going to university is expensive because in addition to the tuition , there are expenses for accommodation, books, living costs, etc
A grants B fees C fares D scholarships
27 When I got to 16, some of my friends left school to get a job, but most
28 The more you have, the more chance you have of finding a better job
A courses B contributions C qualifications D qualities
29 Next year, I have to decide which area of medicine I want to in
A come B focus C hand D specialise
30 I got a diploma in business administration, but still sometimes I wish I had been able to go university and get a
IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1 When you sit for the exam tomorrow, try to stay calm and relaxed.
A answer B take C make D write
2 If the examiner can't make sense of what your essay is about, you'll get thelow mark.
A declare B estimate C communicate D understand
3 If you want to get a high mark on a test, review the material carefullybeforehand.
A performance B score C figure D note
4 Some students only cram for tests when there is little time left, so their resultsare not
satisfactory
A prepare in a short period B prepare in a long time
C prepare well D prepare badly
5 My application for the scholarship has been turned down because the transcript of marks is not
satisfactory enough
A cancelled B postponed C reduced D rejected
V Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1 Students also have the opportunity to choose from a wide range of optional courses in the
university
A mandatory B selective C free D limited
2 Tom did miserably on the final test, which caused a shock to everyone in theclass.
A took B sat for C failed D passed
3 Schools are more relaxed nowadays as discipline is less tough than before.
A accurate B severe C strict D loose
4 Well, Mrs Baker, you'll be pleased to hear that George has made a dramatic improvement in
geography
A meaningful B important C insignificant D steady
5 Most of the students in our country are interested in pursuing higher education to get bachelor's
degrees
A following B giving up C trying D interrupting
Trang 51 hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Khẳng định
S + have ('ve)/has ('s) + been + V-ing …
Trong đó:
Chủ ngữ là I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều -> dùng trợ động từ have
Chủ ngữ là She/ He/ It/ Danh từ số ít/ Danh từ không đếm được -> dùng trợ động từ has
Ví dụ:
They've been keeping silent since yesterday Họ đã giữ yên lặng từ hôm qua.)
Phủ định
S + have not (haven't)/has not (hasn't) + been + V-ing …
Ví dụ:
It hasn't been snowing since December (Đã không có tuyết rơi từ tháng Mười Hai.)
Nghi vấn
Have/Has + S + been + V-ing …?
Ví dụ:
Has the child been sleeping for two hours? (Đứa bé đã ngủ trong hai tiếng rồi phải không?)
2 Cách sử dụng
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại
Tình huống:
Giờ là 5 giờ chiều Bạn Peter đang làm việc
Bạn ấy đã làm việc từ lúc 3 giờ chiều
Vậy hành động "Peter làm việc" đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn tiếp tục xảy ra ở hiện tại nên chúng
ta có thể sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn để diễn đạt ý "Peter đã làm việc từ ba giờ chiều." như sau:
Peter has been working since 3 p.m
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong một thời gian dài trong quá khứ để lại kết quả rõ ràng ở hiện tại
Ví dụ:
She has been studying all morning She is tired now (Cô ấy đã học cả buổi sáng Giờ cô ấy đang
mệt.)
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả hành động "học" đã xảy ra trong khoảng thời gian dài là "cả buổi sáng" và để lại kết quả ở hiện tại là "Cô ấy mệt."
3 Dấu hiệu nhận biết
For (trong khoảng), since (kể từ khi), all day (cả ngày), for days (trong nhiều ngày), over the last month/ year (trong suốt tháng qua/ trong suốt năm qua)
Ví dụ:
They have been discussing new ideas all day (Họ đã thảo luận các ý tưởng mới trong cả ngày.)
Ví dụ này sử dụng cách diễn đạt về thời gian all day để nhấn mạnh hành động discussing new ideas – "thảo luận các ý tưởng mới" đã diễn ra trong "cả ngày".
He has been watching her sing songs for three hours (Anh ấy đã xem cô ấy hát trong ba giờ đồng
hồ.)
Với ví dụ này, chúng ta sử dụng cách diễn đạt về thời gian for three hours.
Phân biệt thì hiện tại hoàn thành và hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
1 Khác biệt về dạng thức
Trang 6Hiện tại hoàn thành Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
2 Khác biệt về cách sử dụng
Khác biệt thứ nhất
Dùng để nhấn mạnh vào kết quả hoặc sự kết thúc
của hành động
Dùng để nhấn mạnh vào hành động (hành động đó có thể kết thúc rồi hoặc chưa)
Ví dụ:
He's written a good report
(Anh ấy đã viết một bản báo cáo có chất lượng tốt.)
Khi dùng hiện tại hoàn thành trong câu này, người
viết hoặc nói muốn nhấn mạnh rằng hành động
"viết một bản báo cáo có chất lượng tốt" đã hoàn tất
và có kết quả
Ví dụ:
He's been writing a report for two hours
(Anh ấy đã viết bản báo cáo trong hai giờ.)
Người viết hoặc nói câu này dùng hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn để nhấn mạnh hành động "viết bản báo cáo" đã diễn ra trong 2 giờ mà không ám chỉ rằng hành động này
đã kết thúc hay chưa
Khác biệt thứ hai
Thường dùng khi trả lời câu hỏi How
much/ How many/ How many times về số
lượng hoặc số lần thực hiện hành động (Tức là:
Ai đó đã làm gì được bao nhiêu/ được mấy lần
tính đến thời điểm hiện tại)
Thường dùng khi trả lời câu hỏi How long về thời gian (Tức là: Ai đó đã làm gì
trong bao lâu tính đến thời điểm hiện tại)
Ví dụ:
Nancy has baked three cakes
(Nancy đã nướng được ba chiếc bánh rồi.)
Câu này cho ta biết số lượng bánh Nancy đã
nướng là ba
I've read this novel three times
(Tôi đã đọc cuốn tiểu thuyết này 3 lần.)
Câu này dùng hiện tại hoàn thành để nhấn mạnh
số lần thực hiện hành động "đọc cuốn tiểu thuyết
Ví dụ:
Nancy has been baking cakes for three hours
(Nancy đã nướng bánh được ba giờ rồi.)
Chúng ta biết được thời gian Nancy nướng bánh là ba giờ đồng hồ
I've been reading this novel all morning
(Tôi đã đọc cuốn tiểu thuyết này cả buổi sáng.)
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng để nhấn
Trang 7này" là 3 mạnh thời gian liên tục thực hiện hành động
"đọc cuốn tiểu thuyết này" là "cả buổi sáng"
PRACTICE:
1 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1 I English for five years I study it at school
A have been learning B have learnt C learnt D am learning
2 You can have your book back now I it
A have been reading B have read C had read D read
3 You look upset .you ?
A Are - crying B Do - cry C Have - been crying D Have - cried
4 How many times you… that international conference?
5 I for my maths textbook all day, but I it yet
A have been looking - haven't found B have looked - haven't found
C have been looking - haven't been finding D have looked - haven't been finding
6 Mum….all morning She lots of Christmas presents
A has shopped - has bought B has been shopping - has bought
C has been shopping - has been buying D has shopped - has been buying
7 Kevin his homework, but he it yet
A has been doing - hasn't been finishing B has done - hasn't finished
C has been doing - hasn't finished D has done - hasn't been finishing
8 Pete at Midfield Secondary School since 2006, but he music in his lessons twice.
A has been teaching - has only played B has been teaching - has only been playing
C has taught - has only been playing D has taught - has only played
9 I the biography of Robbie Williams, but I'm on page 50
A have read B have been reading C had read D was reading
10 Jimmy can go out when he for the exam
A has been studying B has been studied C has studied D studied
11 I the latest Harry Potter book all day I'm dying to know what happens in the end!
A am reading B have been reading C have read D had read
12 So far I any of the exams at school
A haven't been failing B hadn't failed C didn't fail D haven’t failed
13 We….our classroom for the upcoming Teachers' Day, but there's still a lot to do.
A are decorating B decorated
14 Margaret….in the school marathon for charity before
A has never run B never runs
15 My brother graduated from Hanoi University of Science and Technology last month and for a job since then
A has been looking B has looked C was looking D had looked
16 Tim….for the scholarship to study abroad in the USA at least twice
A applied B is applying C has been applying D has applied
17 All the students for their academic transcripts all this week, but they them yet
A have waited - haven't received B have been waiting - haven't received
C have waited - haven't been receiving D have been waiting - haven't been receiving
Trang 818 I for the information about the differences between further education and higher education all this morning
A had searched B have been searched
19 It's the first time you an online course, isn't it?
A had ever taken B have evei -been yer be« taking
20 The teacher the speaking task on the board, so now the students are discussing it
A has already been writing B has already written
C already wrote D had already written
21 Sandy his sister since she to university in 2014
A hadn't seen - went B hasn't been seeing - went
22 They to Spain for an educational exchange and won't be back until the end of this month
A have gone B went C have been going D is going
23 Poor Tracy! She that essay for hours now and she still
A has written - hasn't finished B has been writing - didn't finish
C has been writing - hasn't finished D has written - hasn't been finishing
24 Tom and Mary are still discussing the maths exercise with each other because they….how to do it
C haven't been working out D didn't work out
25 I reading a wonderful book about space travel
A just finish B just do finish
26 As a rule, you shouldn't argue with your hosts unless they something openly offensive
27 Noah Webster an American Dictionary of the English Language in two volumes in 1828, and
since then it the recognised authority for usage in the United States
C published - was becoming D published - has become
28 She….of great help to us because she for such a long time with us
A has been - had lived B has been - has been living
C has been - lived D.was - has lived
29 I the book yet so I can't tell you what happens
A haven't finished B haven't been finishing
C didn't finish D hadn't finished
30 Peter has been a junior clerk for three years Lately, he for a better post but so far he
A looks - hasn't found B have looked - haven't found
C has been looking - hasn't found D has looked - hasn't found
Mark the letter A, B, C, orD to indicate the sentence that is closest inmeaning to each f the following questions.
1 It's only her second time in an international conference about further education.
A It was the second time she had been in an international conference about further education
B She has only been in an international conference about further education once before
C She has never been to any international conference about further education before
D She has already got used to being in an international conference about further education
2 I started writing this essay hours ago and it's still not right.
A I have been writing this essay for hours and it's still not right
B It's hours ago since I last wrote this essay correctly
Trang 9C The last time I started writing this essay was hours ago, which is still not right.
D I didn't stop to write this essay hours ago and it's still not right
3 "You'd better work harder if you don't want to retake the exam!" the teacher said to Jimmy.
A The teacher advised Jimmy to work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam
B The teacher ordered Jimmy to work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam
C The teacher reminded Jimmy to work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam
D The teacher warned Jimmy to work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam
4 Lisa has never studied abroad before.
A It's the first time Lisa has ever studied abroad
B It's the last time since Lisa studied abroad
C It was the first time Lisa had ever studied abroad
D Never before Lisa has studied abroad
5 The last time my friend wrote a letter to me was in February.
A I haven't never received a letter from my friend since February
B I last received a letter from my friend in February
C It was in February since I first received a letter from my friend
D My friend last wrote a letter to me when in February
II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
1 Marie prepared her homework carefully She could answer all the questions and got good marks.
A Although she prepared her homework carefully, Marie could not answer all the questions and got good marks
B Having prepared her homework carefully, Marie could answer all the questions and got good marks
C If she had prepared her homework carefully, Marie could have answered all the questions and got good marks
D It was because of her careful preparation for the homework, Marie couldn't answer all the questions and got good marks
2 We have been trying to learn English for years We haven't succeeded yet.
A Although we have been trying to learn English for years, we haven't succeeded yet
B After we've been trying to learn English for years, we have succeeded
C We haven't succeeded yet since we have been trying to learn English for years
D We have been trying to learn English for years, so we haven't succeeded yet
3 The teacher was giving the lesson The lights went out.
A The lights went out as soon as the teacher started giving the lesson
B If the teacher had been giving the lesson, the lights wouldn't have gone out
C The teacher was giving the lesson, so the lights went out
D While the teacher was giving the lesson, the lights went out
4 Our school started building a new canteen in June They are still building it now.
A Our school have started building a new canteen from June till now
B Our school have been building a new canteen since June
C Our school have built a new canteen now since starting in June
D Our school are building the new canteen which started in June
5 Henry only started learning English last year However, he can now speak it like a native.
A If he had started learning English last year, Henry could now speak it like anative
B After starting learning English last year, Henry can now speak it like anative
C Although he only started learning English last year, Henry can now speak it like a native
D Henry, who has only started learning English since last year, can now speak it like a
native
KEY:
Trang 101 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1 I English for five years I study it at school
A have been learning B have learnt C learnt D am learning
2 You can have your book back now I it
A have been reading B have read C had read D read
3 You look upset .you ?
A Are - crying B Do - cry C Have - been crying D Have - cried
4 How many times you… that international conference?
5 I for my maths textbook all day, but I it yet
A have been looking - haven't found B have looked - haven't found
C have been looking - haven't been finding D have looked - haven't been finding
6 Mum….all morning She lots of Christmas presents
A has shopped - has bought B has been shopping - has bought
C has been shopping - has been buying D has shopped - has been buying
7 Kevin his homework, but he it yet
A has been doing - hasn't been finishing B has done - hasn't finished
C has been doing - hasn't finished D has done - hasn't been finishing
8 Pete at Midfield Secondary School since 2006, but he music in his lessons twice.
A has been teaching - has only played B has been teaching - has only been playing
C has taught - has only been playing D has taught - has only played
9 I the biography of Robbie Williams, but I'm on page 50
A have read B have been reading C had read D was reading
10 Jimmy can go out when he for the exam
A has been studying B has been studied C has studied D studied
11 I the latest Harry Potter book all day I'm dying to know what happens in the end!
A am reading B have been reading C have read D had read
12 So far I any of the exams at school
A haven't been failing B hadn't failed C didn't fail D haven’t failed
13 We….our classroom for the upcoming Teachers' Day, but there's still a lot to do.
A are decorating B decorated
14 Margaret….in the school marathon for charity before
A has never run B never runs
15 My brother graduated from Hanoi University of Science and Technology last month and for a job since then
A has been looking B has looked C was looking D had looked
16 Tim….for the scholarship to study abroad in the USA at least twice
A applied B is applying C has been applying D has applied
17 All the students for their academic transcripts all this week, but they them yet
A have waited - haven't received B have been waiting - haven't received
C have waited - haven't been receiving D have been waiting - haven't been receiving
18 I for the information about the differences between further education and higher education all this morning
A had searched B have been searched
19 It's the first time you an online course, isn't it?