Dạy từ vựng theo mô hình 3P cho người học tiếng

Dudi day la mot vai trd choi thuc hanh tir vung thong dung dupe phdng theo cac trd choi dupe nbieu ngudi biet.. + Trd choi Do-mi-no.[r]

DAY TLf VlfNG THEO MO HINH 3P i CHO NGL/dl HOC TIENG i

I

Truang Nguyen Hodng Yin \

Khoa Viet Nam hoc ' TrudfigDHKHXH&N\\DHQGTp.HCM i

I

L LCJI DAN

Tir virng dupe xem la nhimg vien gach diu tien de' dung nen nen

mdng ciia mot ngdn ngii' Cho nen qua trinh giao tiep se bi can trd,

tham chi hi that bai neu ngudi giao tiep kbdng cd dii vdn tir de dien dat

dieu mlnh mudn ndi

Tir virng cd tarn quan trpng nhu vay nen da cd nbieu nghien cijfu

dupe thuc hien nhim giup giao vien (GV) va hpe vien (HV) lam the' ,

nao de day va hoc tir vung mot each hieu qua Ching ban nhu F Heny

(1983) cho ring hpe mot ngoai ngir thl phai hoc tir trong nhimg ca'u

true khac nhau Ciing cd y kien cho ring tinh phiirc tap cua ngir nghla

tir vung thudng gay trd ngai qua trinh giao tiejf cua HV Vice giao tiep

se bi gian doan neu HV kbdng tlm dupe tir hoac sir dung tir khdng

diing, nhu K Wilkins (1984) nhan manb "khdng the' tlm dupe tir mlnh

mudn dien dat la trd ngai de gay "buc bdi", cban nan nhat khi hpe

tieng"

Do vay, bai vie't nay cd muc dich dua ra cac boat dpng cho vice

giang day tir vung theo mo binh giang day 3P (presentation - gidi

thieu practice - thuc hanh produce - ap dung trong thuc te"), chii ye'u

ap dung cho HV irinh dp so cap Day la mot chudi cac boat dpng gidi

thieu, thuc hanh va ap dung nham gia tang vdn tir cho HV

HV thudng hoc tir vung qua bai giai doan d giai doan diu khi

dftng, nghia la hp chua dat de'n miic chu dpng de ndi thanh Idi hay vie't thanh cau 6 giai doan sau, khi HV da sir dung tir dd nbieu Ian thl no

se ucr thanh vdn tir thuc su cua mlnh Tuy nhien, qua trinh linh hoi hoan toan mot tijf mdi phai mit nbieu tbdi gian Thudng thi nhimg ti^

ma chiing ta thudng su dung la nhtbig tir cd lien quan den cac chu de thong dung hang ngay nhu mua sim, du lich, giao thong, De cd the

iiy nhanh qua trinh linh bdi tir vung, GV cd the cung cap cho HV cac

y tudng d^ hp vie't lai va ghi nhd tir mdi thong qua cac bai thuc hanh khac nhau

Sau day la mdt so die'm quan trpng cin nhd trong viec thuc hanh vatrauddi tir vung:

- Khi dua ra mot tijr mdi, GV phai cho biet nghia va each phat am

- Nghia chinh xac ciia tir trong timg trudng bop cu the rat quan trpng

- Nghla ciia tir mdi cd th^ dupe day thong qua binh anh, dieu bp, d6 vat that hay mot tinh budng nao dd

- GV cin dua ra cau bdi d^ kiem tra xem HV cd hieu nghla hay khdng

- HV cin thuc hanh nbieu ve tir mdi

- HV phai xem lai tir mdi thudng xuyen

- HV cin vie't lai, on tap lai tir vung thudng xuycn Viec on tap nay giiip HV ghi nhd tot, lau cac tir da hoc

2 CAC GIAI DOAN CAN TIEN HANH TRONG MO HINH 3P 2.1 Giai doan gidi thieu (Presentation)

Khi dua ra mot tir mdi, GV cin truyen dat cho HV nghla cua t^, each phat am va viec sir dung trong cac ngir canh, tlnb huong cu the

Vf du, GV minb boa nghla ciia tir/cum tir thong qua hinh dnh do vat that hay hanh ddng! tham chi thdng qua cau trong mot ngir canh cu the Sau khi ki^m tra va biet HV da hieu nghla ciia tir, GV nen doc I^i va yeu ciu ca Idp hay mot vai HV ciing lap lai cho den khi phat am dung

487

mdi tbdi Sau dd, GV dua ra mdt bay vai tir hoac binh anh tuong tu va tien hanh cac budc nhu uen

GV cd th^ gidi thieu tir mdi bang binh xMc bdi tboai va ddng ca

bai vai tboai, bing each d mdt vi tri nao dd d^ the hien nhan vat nay rdi chuyen qua vi tri khac de the hien nhan vat cdn lai Can chii y la viec gidi thieu tir vung d giai doan dau can phai nhanh chdng va cd dpng de giiip cho HV cd tbdi gian budc sang giai doan thuc hanh 2.2 Giai doan thuc hanh (Practice)

Nen biet ring HV cSn thuc hanh nhieu de cd the nhd va sir dung tir vung Neu GV dua ra nbieu boat dpng da dang khac nhau thi HV se tha'y thich thii, gia tang niem ham mudn hoc tap Sau day la mot so trd choi de luyen tap, viet lai va ghi nhd tir mdi

2.2.7 Giai doan luyen tap tic mdi

Viec luyen tap tir mdi thudng dupe tien hanh thdng qua cac trd choi nhim gay humg thii cho HV Dudi day la mot vai trd choi thuc hanh tir vung thong dung dupe phdng theo cac trd choi dupe nbieu ngudi biet

+ Trd choi Do-mi-no

HV cd the choi ndi tir vdi cac ta'm the gidng trd choi do-mi-no

Vi du, ho cd the ndi anh vdi tir (GV can chuin bi mot nhdm the cd hinh anh va mot nhdm the cd tir ciia nhihig hinh nay rdi yeu ciu hpe vien ndi chiing vdi nhau) GV cd the md rpng*trd choi nay bing each ndi tir d ngon ngir nguon vdi tir d ngon ngu dich (GV chuin bj the tir tieng Viet va the tir tieng Anh hay tieng Han Qudc, tieng Nhat, sau do

HV se ndi lir tieng Viet vdi tir trong tieng me de ciia mlnh Vi du, ndi the "cam on" vdi the "thank you") hoac ndi tir vdi dinh nghla cua nd Tiiy theo cap dp ciia HV ma GV cd the sir dung cac tir don, cum tir, hay thanh ngir (GV can cd bai nhdm the, mot nhdm la tir, cum tir, thanh ngir va nhdm cdn lai la nhimg dinh nghla ciia chiing, sau dd yeu ciu HV ndi chiing vdi nhau, ching ban ndi the "kem" vdi the "mdt mdn an lanh", the "chp" vdi the "noi de mua va ban", the "hudng din vien du lich" vdi the "ngudi dua khach du lich di tham quan, hudng din, giai ihich cho khach, "

+ Trd choi Bingo

Diu tien GV dua ra mot tarn the gom danh sacb cac tif (tot nhat nen sir dung tir da dupe hpe) va yeu ciu mot HV/nhdm HV chpn mot

I jtf tir (cd th^ mot phin ba hay mot nira) trong the dd Tiep theo, mdi HV/nhdm HV se viet cac tir vijfa chpn vao the ciia mlnh Sau dd GV chon ngiu nhien trong danh sacb tir ciia mlnh mot so tir bing so tir ma minh yeu ciu mdi HV/nhdm HV da chpn, roi dpc len timg tir mot Ne'u HV/nhdm HV nao cd tir gidng vdi tir vira dpc thl di?nh cheo tir dd HV/nhdm HV thing la HV/nhdm HV diu tien danh cheo tat ca tir trong the cua minh

+ Trd choi ddnh vdn trin bang

Sau day la ba loai trd choi danh vin pho bien:

- Dat cac chii cai Ion xpn (khdng theo thiJ tu) ciia mot tir da hoc vao diing vi tri

- Doan chii tir so d trong tuong umg, timg ki tu Nghla la GV dua

ra cac d trd'ng tuong ihig vdi cac ki tu cua mot tir nao dd roi yeu ciu HV/nhdm HV doan (tirng ki tu mot) Lin lupt nhu vay cho de'n khi tlm ra tir diing

- Dai dien cua cac nhdm lin lupt len bang de vie't lai nhimg tir ma thanh vien nhdm mlnh danh vdn trong mot khoang thdi gian nha't dinh Nhdm nao viet dupe nbieu tir diing nha't se thing

+ Trd choi d chit

GV tao ra d chir roi dua ra cac gpi y theo hang ngang va hang dpc Sau dd chia Idp thanh bai nhdm Mot nhdm se giai quyet 6 chir theo hang ngang va nhdm cdn lai giai quyet o chir theo hang dpc Trd choi nay nen choi theo nhdm Nhu vay se tiet kiem dupe thdi gian Tat nhien liiy theo trinh dp ma cac d ch6 cd dp khd de tuong ung

+ Trd choi bang tit

Ddng diu tien trong bang la ten cua cac HV trong lop Dua theo chir cai diu tien d mdi ten ma HV se dien nhirng tir ma minh nhd dupe theo cac chii de duoc cho d cot thii nha't So lupng cot tiiy theo so so

chir cai cd trong ten GV cd the them hoac bdt cac chu de a cot ihii

489

nha't Ngudi thing la ngudi cd the

la nhdm c6 the dien duoc nhieu tir

dien vao bet cac d hoac nhdm thing nhat trong vdng 5 - 1 0 phut

Ten

(1)

Qudc tich

Nghe

ngbiep

Mdn an

Trai cay

Ddvat

Ddng vat

7

7

Bin (2)

Bi

Bac sT

Biin bd

Bo Ban

Bd

7

7

Henry (3) Han Qudc

Hpa SI

Hii tie'u

Hong Hdp biit Heo

7

7

Mark (4)

Ml

Muc su

Ml

Mit

MQ Meo

7

7

Naomi (5) Nhat

Nhan vien

Nem nudng Nbo Ndn la Ngua

7

7

Tom (6) Trung Qudc Thp chup binh Tdm nudng

Thanh long

Tu Trau

7

7

+ Trd chai ghi nhd danh sdeh tit

Trong trd choi nay, GV yeu cau mdt hoc vien cho biet mdt tir trong danh sacb ma mlnh dua ra Vi du nhu danh sach cac vat dung can mua khi di sieu thi hay danh sach ca tinh cua con ngudi Sau do chpn ngau nhien mot HV khac, yeu cau lap lai lir dd va them vao mpi tir nira Cur nhu vay, HV khac khi den lupt se phai lap lai ca danh sach tir ciia nhOmg HV trudc va them vao mot tir cua mlnh Danh sach ngay cang dai va cang khd nhd nen ddi bdi HV phai tap trung cao dp de ghi nhd va nhu vay se nhd tir dupe lau

2.2,2 Giai doan viit lai vd ghi nhd tic mdi

HV can phai viet lai va ghi nhd tir mdi theo cac each thiic khac nhau sao cho cd hieu qua nhim on lai vdn tir cu va gia tang vdn tir mdi

+ Viit lai vd ghi nhatutheo danh sach ABC

HV thudng chpn mot chir cai va viet la'l ca cac tir ma minh nhd bit dau bang chir cai dd Tuy nhien, viec ghi nhd tir nhu vay ddi khi lai

Ich6ng de dang cho HV tlm tijf ma mlnh mudn Vi du HV vie't lai Xxi da

hoc theo chir cai C thl hp cd tb^ viet cac tir nhu ca, com, canh,

+ Viet lai vd ghi nhd tic theo trUdng tic vung

HV cd thl ghi nhd cac tir ciing trudng tijf vung cd nghla lien quan vdi nhau Chang ban nhu cac phuong tien giao thdng, hoac nhimg yeu t5quan trpng nhit khi chpn mdt chd lam Viec tri nhan se de hon ne'u

chiing ta sir dung so do theo dang lien ket cac vdng trdn 6i ghi nhd

trudng t^ vung

6 trinh dp cao, GV cd the luyen cho HV ghi nhd cac trudng tir vung phiJc tap hon

Vi du: Trudng tir vung ve vat dung trong phdng tim: khan lau mat, mie'ng bpt bie'n, ban chai mdng tay, ban chai danh rang, dng kem dang rang, cue xa phdng, diu gpi, sira tim, dao cao rau (dien), lupc

chai tdc, tbimg cbiJa nude, cudn giiy ve sinh, guong soi, gia vit khan tim, tham chiii cban,

Hay trudng tir vung ve co the con ngudi

Dau: vdm bpng, khiu cai, Ipi, rang, mieng, mdi, ludi ga, ludi, hpng, tran cd, tdc, thai duong, long may, song mui, tai, 16 mQi, ham, dinh diu, tran, mit, mui, ma, cim, cd

Co the con ngudi ^r— _ Tay: vai, nach, canh tay uen,

CO bai ddu, chd tay gap, khuyu tay, cd tay, nim tay Chan: mdng, diii, diu gdi, bip cban, cing cban, mit ca, got

Than: nguc, vii, dau vii, bung, rdn, sudn, eo, hong, hang, co quan sinh due

+ Viit lai vd ghi nhd tit bdng each gdn nhdn

Vice gan nhan tir la mot each rat de dang va de tha'y 6i ghi nhd

tir vung trong Idp hoc Nd giiip HV cd the lien tuong tir vung vdi dd vat that GV va HV cd the lam cac nhan ten d mat sau cua td gia'y da sir dung Sau dd dan cac mau nhan vao dd vat that tjong Idp hoac cac hinh anh ma GV da chuin bi sSn Viec nay cd the dupe sir dung cho cac trd choi hpe tap trong Idp hay viec quan sat va tu hpe

2.3 Giai doan ap dung trong thuc te (Produce)

Viec ap dung cac tir mdi thudng dupe th^ hien qua cac bai v^ kl nang ndi, viet GV nen khuyen khich HV sir dung nhirng tir mdi de' dat cau, de dam tboai hoac trong cac bai viet cua mlnh Ddng thdi nhin manb viec ap dung cac tir mdi nay ca d ngoai Idp hoc Vf du hpe ve cac vat dung trong nha thl GV yeu cau HV dat cau, dam thoai v^ cac vat dung trong Idp hpe hay trong phdng cua HV

3.THAYLC)IK^T

Tren day la mot so trd choi tuong ddi pho bien theo tirng HV hoac theo nhdm nen GV cd the ap dung cac trd choi nay mot each de dang trong Idp theo phuong cham "hpe ma choi, choi ma hoc" Tuy nhien tiiy dieu kien nhu dpng eo hoc tap, trinh dp, tuoi tac, ma GV

va ngay ca HV nila cd the ap dung hoac "sang tao" ra nhimg "di ban" khac nhau Dieu quan trpng la GV cd the giiip HV thuc hanh, vie't lai

va ghi nhd tir vung mot each hieu qua va nhanh chdng nhu muc dich bai viet da dat ra

TAI LIEU THAM K H A O

1 Joanna Baker and Heather Westrup, The English Language Teacher's Handbook, Continuum, 2000

2 Nguyen Van Hue (Chii bien), Giao trinh tieng Viet cho ngudi nude ngoai, NXB Giao due, 2001

3 Robert Lado, Language Teaching, A Scientific Approach New

York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1964

4 Trin Tat Thing (Chii bien) Tic viCng tieng Anh hien dgi, NXB

Gilo due, 1997

5 Wendy K Wilkins, Locality in Linguistics Theory, N.Y:

Academic Press, 1984

6 Ki yeu bdi thao khoa hoc "Mdt so vdn de ve ngi dung vd phuong phdp gidng dgy tieng Viet nhu mot ngoai ngiT (2005), NXB Dai

hpe Qudc gia Ha Ndi