I overheard him ……… (say) that he didn’t want to learn Math.. of the decision to change the company policy on vacations.[r]
Trang 1GERUNDS & INFINITIVES
I GERUND : ( danh ủoọng tửứ ) ( V + ING )
1 Subject of a sentence (làm chủ ngữ trong câu)
Ex: Reading the story of Kieu is interesting
2 Complement of To Be after Subject of Thing + To Be (làm bổ ngữ của đọng từ to
be sau chủ ngữ là vật)
Ex : My hobby is fishing
3 After Prepositions (sau giới từ)
Ex : She is interested in learning English
4 After some verbs : Verbs + Gerund
Admit (th ừa nhận, coõng nhận), avoid ( traựnh, neự), appreciate (đánh giá cao), defer / delay /postpone/ put off (trỡ hoaừn, đình lại), deny( choỏi), detest/ dislike( khoõng thớch,khoõng ửa), discuss (thảo luận), consider( xem xeựt, cửựu xeựt), enjoy (thửụỷng thửực, hửụỷng), escape (trốn thoát), finish (hoaứn taỏt, laứm xong), give up/ quit: tửứ boỷ, thoõi), imagine (tửụỷng tửụùng), keep( giửừ), not mind ( khoõng phieàn), miss (lỡ), practise ( thửùc haứnh), suggest( ủeà nghũ), prevent (ngăn chặn/ cản), can’t help( khoõng theồ ngaờn caỷn), can’t stand (khoõng theồ chũu ủửùng ủửụùc), can't help (không thể ngăn cản )resit (thi
lại), resist (kháng cự lại, chống lại), cease (ngừng, đừng) ….etc
I always avoid making noise in class
Have you finished writing the report ?
Anne practised playing the piano at an early age
I don’t mind doing a lot of homework
He can’t stand working ten hours a day
When did you give up smoking, Bill ?
5 VERB+PREPOSITIONS + GERUND : ẹoọng tửứ theo sau giụựi tửứ thửụứng duứng ụỷ daùng Gerund Approve of ( chaỏp thuaọn, taựn ủoàng), argue about ( tranh caừi veà…), complain about ( than phieàn, phaứn naứn veà…), concentrate on ( taọp trung vaứo…), depend on ( tuứy thuoọc vaứo…), decide on ( quyeỏt ủũnh veà…), feel like ( caỷm thaỏy thớch, thieõn veà…), forget about ( queõn veà…) Look forward to ( troõng mong, ngoựng…), insist on ( naứi nổ…), keep on ( cửự tieỏp tuùc…), object to ( phaỷn ủoỏi veà…), plan on ( dửù tớnh veà…), rely on ( tin vaứo, dửùa vaứo…), succeed in ( thaứnh coõng trong vieọc…), think about ( nghú veà…), worry about ( lo nghú veà…, lo laộng veà…)
I’m interested in listening to music on the radio
He’s bored with staying at home day after day
Some people are afraid of driving in rush hours
Many overweight people try to lose weight by going on
a diet
Don’t forget to turn off the gas before going out
6 ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + GERUND: Caực tớnh tửứ ủi keứm giụựi tửứ ủửụùc theo sau bụỷi Gerund Accustomed to ( quen vụựi…), afraid of ( lo sụù, e sụù veà…), ashamed of ( xaỏu hoồ veà…), capable of ( coự khaỷ naờng, coự theồ… ) bored with ( chaựn vụựi…), disappointed in / with ( thaỏt voùng veà…), fond of ( thớch veà…), hopeful of ( hy voùng veà…), intent on ( ủeo ủuoồi, chaờm chuự veà…), interested in ( quan taõm veà…), opposed to ( choỏng ủoỏi vụựi…),proud of ( haừnh dieọn veà…), responsible for ( coự traựch nhieọm veà…), sorry about ( aõn haọn veà…), successful in ( thaứnh coõng trong…), surprised at ( ngaùc nhieõn
veà…), tired from ( meọt nhoùc vỡ…), tired of ( chaựn vụựi…), worried about ( lo laộng veà….).used to ( quen
vụựi…)
Police soon get accustomed to arresting criminals
Are you capable of completing the work within an hour ?
Eli Whitney is famous for inventing the cotton gin
The driver was intent on passing the other car The treasurer is responsible for keeping the books
7 After some Verbs + Object Combinations
Ex: We saw the thief entering the house
Or He spent five hours doing his task
8 In some other structures :
It’s no good / use, there is no point, what’s the point of, what about , be worth, be busy, look forward to, be used to / be accustomed to / get used to, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand ……
It is no use saying that I am used to getting up early
1 Subject of the sentence ( Chuỷ tửứ cuỷa caõu )
Trang 2Ex : To help her is my duty
2 Verbs + to - Infinitive
Agree ( ủoàng yự,nhaỏt trớ), afford, appear ( xuaỏt hieọn), arrange( saộp xeỏp,thu xeỏp), attempt( coỏ gaộng),
ask ( ủoứi hoỷi,yeõu caàu), choose ( choùn, lửùa), decide ( quyeỏt ủũnh), demand ( ra leọnh), expect ( mong,troõng
ngoựng), fail ( hoỷng,khoõng thaứnh coõng,(thi) rụựt), happen (xaỷy ra) , hope ( hy voùng), learn ( hay tin),
manage ( xoay sụỷ, tửù lo ủửụùc), offer ( daõng ,taởng), plan ( keỏ hoaùch, dửù tớnh), pretend ( giaỷ vụứ), promise
(hửựa heùn), refuse ( tửứ choỏi), seem ( coự veỷ nhử, dửụứng nhử), threaten ( ủe doùa), want, wish ( ao ửụực),
would like ( muoỏn), intend (dự định), tend (có xu h-ớng), claim (tuyên bố, khẳng
định), desire (mơ -ớc, mong muốn), hope, hesitate (do dự, ngập ngừng) …etc
I decide to study engineering at University
She’s expecting to get a reply from the company
Do you agree to join us for the holyday ?
Mary learned to swim when she was young
We can’t afford to build a new house
Bob refused to lend me his car
You manage to get some tickets for the pop concert on Saturday
3 verbs + O + to - ìninitive
want, ask, tell, request (yêu cầu), order (sai phái), beg (van xin), remind (nhắc
nhở), invite (mời), advise (khuyên), warn (cảnh báo), promise (hứa), encourage
(khuyến khích)…
He tells me to send this letter
The teacher encouraged Lan to join English club
4 be/ look/ seem/ feel + ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive:
Afraid ( sụù, e sụù ), ashamed ( xaỏu hoồ ), considerate ( teỏ nhũ ), disappointed ( thaỏt voùng ), eager ( haờm
hụỷ), foolish ( ủieõn roà), fortunate ( may maộn, heõn ), happy ( sung sửụựng ), lucky ( may maộn ), pleased (
haứi loứng), proud ( haừnh dieọn), qualified ( coự ủuỷ tử caựch ), ready ( saỹn saứng), sorry ( aõn haọn) surprised (
ngaùc nhieõn), angry(giận dữ ), prepared (đ-ợc chuẩn bị), glad (vui mừng), proud (tự
hào)
I’m afraid to drive alone at night
Were you disappointed not to win the race ?
The actress seems eager to go on stage
The parents are proud to have a healthy child
Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to vote
He was not at all surprised to hear the news
I’m looking for someone qualified to type a thesis
The party is ready to serve
I'm glad to see you again.
5 After the verb TO BE
Ex : We are to pass the next exam
My purpose is to win the next English competition
6 After Noun ( Infinitive of Purpose ) : TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + V (bare
infinitive )
Ex : There are lots of things to do today
Ex : He studies hard so as to pass the entrance examination
III BARE - INFINITIVE
1 After modal verbs: can, may, must, …
EX: I must go home now
2 After had better, would rather, do nothing but
EX: He did nothing but complain about his life
You’d better stay at home today
3 Make
Let
EX: The clowns made them laugh a lot last night
IV VERB FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUNDS
Without changing in meaning : Start ( baột ủaàu, khụỷi ủoọng), begin ( baột ủaàu), continue ( tieỏp
tuùc), intend ( tớnh, dửù ủũnh), like, love, hate ( gheựt), prefer (thớch hụn, ửa hụn)
It began to rain when I went to school
When did you start learning English ?
It began raining when I went to school
When did you start to learn English ?
It began to rain heavily
+ O + V(bare-inf.)
Trang 3Does Pam continue writing to you ?
He intended making a film for children
Does Pam continue to write to you ?
He intended to make a film for children
VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Cho yự nghúa khaực nhau ):
Stop doing st dừng việc gì lại He stopped smoking three years ago ( He doesn’t
smoke any more now.)
Stop to do st dừng để làm gì He stopped to smoke a cigarette ( He stopped
working in order to smoke )
try doing st thử You should try taking these tablets, ( try = thửỷ )
try to do st cố gắng You should try to study harder ( try = coỏ gaộng )
forget/
remember doing
st
quên/nhớ đã làm gì (V
đó xóy ra trước remember, forget,
regret)
I remember sending a postcard to my parents
yesterday
He remembers meeting you when he was in France ( He met
you).
forget/remember
to do st
quên / nhớ làm gì( To-inf x ảy ra sau remember, forget,
regret)
Don't forget to wash the dishes
Remember to sent me a letter when you arrive in Ho Chi Minh city ( you will send.)
regret doing st tiếc đã làm gì She regretted not coming your birthday party So she felt bored
regret to do st lấy làm tiếc phải làm
gì
I regret to inform you that you've failed your exam
need to do st cần làm gì (nghĩa chủ
động)
You need to practise English every day.( = You have
to practise English every day)
need doing st
=need to be
done
cần đ-ợc làm gì
(nghĩa bị động)
Your shirt needs washing It smells ( = Your shirt
needs to be washed )
go on doing
= to continue
doing st
tiếp tục làm việc gì
đó
The teacher introduced herself and went on to
explain the course
go on to do tiếp tục làm công
việc tiếp theo (việc khác)
The teacher told everyone to be quiet, but they just
went on talking
like doing sở thích lâu dài I like fishing
like to do thớch vỡ ngh ĩ rằng nú tốt, ý
thích nhất thời
I like to do my job well.
Notes:
would like + to- inf; feel like + V-ing ( ước cú ) = wish for
ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND
Allow = permit V-ing
+ Advise = recommend O + to-inf
I permit you to go out I permit going out
see smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb:
khi chứng kiến toàn bộ sự việc
see smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb - ing: khi chứng kiến một phần sự việc đang diễn ra
I saw someone get into Tom's house yesterday
She heard him playing guitar It's really great, but she must go away
Trang 4Exercises on INFINITIVE AND GERUND
I Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form : GERUND or INFINITIVE ( In some sentences, both forms are correct )
1 I’m not in a hurry I don’t mind……….( wait ) for you
2 My father gave up ……….( smoke ) three years ago
3 Would you mind ……… ( keep ) silent ? I’m trying
………( study )
4 I always try to avoid………( borrow ) money from my friends
5 The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed ……… ( get ) to school on time
6 Could you please stop ……….( make ) so much noise ?
7 I’ve put off ………( write ) the letter so many times I really must do it today
8 Sarah gave up ………( try ) to find a job in this country and decided………( go ) abroad
9 You can’t stop me ……… ( do ) what I want
10 They don’t have much money They can’t afford………( go ) out very often
11 My mother can’t stand………( stay ) at home without doing anything
12 How long have you been able………(swim), John ?
13 You must promise……….( not / be ) late again
14 When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldn’t help………( laugh)
15 They refused……… ( lend ) him the money although he needed it badly
16 Please, don’t forget………( post ) the letter for me today ! It’s urgent
26 However, she did not plan………( be ) a secretary all her life
27 But she couldn’t imagine……… ( do ) the same job for years and years
28 The only thing that prevented her from……….( study ) law was a lack of time and money
29 She often remembered ……… ( talk ) to her father before he became ill
30 You must remember ………( buy ) some sugar We haven’t got any now
31 Did you remember……… ( post ) the letter for me this morning ?
32 Don’t forget……… ( wake ) me up before six o’clock tomorrow
33 I am looking forward to ……… (see) you
34 He is tired of ……… ( walk ) to school
35 I arranged ……… (meet) them here
36 He urged us ……… (work) faster
37 I wish……… (see) the manager
38 It's no use ……… (wait)
39 He warned her……… (not touch) the wire
40 Don't forget……… (lock) the door before (go) to bed
41 My mother told me ……… (not speak) to anyone about it
42 He tried……… (explain) but she refused (listen)
43 At dinner she annoyed me by……… (smoke) between the courses
44 You are expected ……… (know) the safety regulations of the college
45 That was a very strange question……… (ask)
46 It was very kind of you ……… (show) the way
47 I overheard him ……… (say) that he didn’t want to learn Math
48 I don’t remember (tell) of the decision to change the company policy on vacations
49 Ms Drake expects (consult) about any revisions in her manuscript before it is printed
50 Tommy admitted (throw) the rock through the window
51 Most people enjoy (travel) to different parts of the world
52 May I change the TV channel, or do you want (watch) more of this programme?
53 That was a very strange question (ask)
54 It was very kind of you (show) the way
Trang 555 The teacher let him (stay) at home to finish the assignment
56 It was quite a surprise (see) him again
57 I overheard him (say) that he didn’t want to learn Math
58 She stood there and watched him (drive) away
59 It was very difficult for her (drive) the motorbike
60 I could feel the robber (come) from the backdoor
61 It is easy (see) animals on the road in daylight
62 I asked him (explain) but he refused (say) any thing
63 It is pleasant (sit) by the fire at night
64 There was no way of (get) out of the building except by (climb) down a rope
65 It’s no good (write) to him; he never answers letters
66 Ask him (come) in Don’t keep him (stand) at the door
67 We watched the children (jump) from a window and (fall) into a blanket held by people below
68 It is very pleasant (wake) up and (hear) the rain (beat) on the windows
69 They denied……… the money ( steal )
70 I can’t afford………out tonight I haven’t got enough money ( go )
71 Can you remind me……… some coffee when we go out ? ( buy )
72 Please stop……….me questions! ( ask )
73 I refuse………any more questions ( answer )
74 One of the boys admitted………the window ( break )
75 The boy’s father promised………for the window to be repaired ( pay )
76 Ann was having dinner when the phone rang She didn’t answer the phone, she just carried on ……(eat)
77 “ How did the thief get into the house ? “ “ I forgot……… the window ( shut )
II Complete each sentence with one of these verbs:
Answer apply be listen make see try use wash work write
41 He tried to avoid ……… my question
42 Could you please stop……… so much noise ?
43 I enjoy………to music
44 I considered………for the job but in the end I decided against it
45 Have you finished………your hair yet ?
46 If you walk into the road without looking, you risk ……… knocked down
47 Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet He wants to carry on………
48 I don’t mind you………the phone as long as you pay for all your calls
49 Hello ! Fancy……….you here ! What a surprise !
50 I’ve put off……… the letter so many times I really must do it today
51 What a stupid thing to do ! Can you imagine anybody……… so stupid ?
52 Sarah gave up………to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad
III Rewrite the following sentences , using the given words in brackets
69 They arrived home late ( he saw )
=>………
70 She didn’t want to stay there fore the weekend ( They made her )
=>………
71 The teacher allowed me to stay at home to finish the assignment ( The teacher let )
=>………
72 The boy ran away from the house ( She noticed )
=>………
73 He said that he didn’t want to learn Math ( I overhear )
=>………
74 The policeman told the thief to empty his pockets ( The police made )
=>………
75 He left the house early this morning ( I heard )
=>………
76 He drove away ( She stood there and watched )
=>………
Trang 677 The robber came from the back door ( I could feel )
=>………
78 May be the school will ask me to pay some extra money ( Do you think the school will make ) =>………
IV Build a complete sentence with the given words 79 I/look forward/receive/letter/ now.=>………
80 we/not mind/wait/more minutes.=>………
81 children/busy/collect/shells/beach.=>………
82 He/ask/us/help/him/do/thewashing up/yesterday =>………
83 Her mother/force/her/marry/to that man.=>………
V Reported speech with infinitive and gerund
84 “shut the door ,Tom” she said (told)
85 “Don’t believe everything you hear” he said to me(advise)
86 “lend me your pen for a moment” I said to Mary(ask)
87 “would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?”(invite)
88 “Will you help me ,please?”she said(ask)
89 “you had better apologize for being late”said my mother(advise)
90 “We will come back again”they said(promise)
91 “Keep quiet”the teacher said to us(told)
92 “You’d better not swim too far from the shore,”the lifeguard said to us(advise)
93 “could you close the window”John said to Peter(ask)
94 “you should join the football team ,Eric”said the teacher(encourage)
95 “I’ll give it to him tomorrow”John said(promise)
96 “I’d like Lan to become a doctor”my mum said (want)
97 “Remember to lock the door before going to school”my sister said (remind)
98 “you should go home and take a rest”the boss said(advise)
99 “you should not drink too much beer” his wife said (advise)
100 “Come and see me when you want” he said to us(invite)
101 “Please don’t smoke in my room” she said to them(ask)
102 “Don’t forget to give the book back to Joe”her sister said to her(remind)
103 “I’ll never do it again”she said(promise)
104 “All right ,I ‘ll wait for you” his friend said(agree)
105 “Let’s have a party this weekend” he said(suggest)
106 “I am sorry,I didn’t phone you earlier”Mary said(apologize)
107 “It’s nice of you to help me,thankyou”Bob said(thank)
108 “I’m sorry,I’m late”Peter said(apologize)
109 “Yes ,ok I’ll lend you my car”Peter said to Ann(agree)
Trang 7110 “I’ll finish the work early”said the students(promise)
111 “I won’t help you with your homework”Jane said to me(refuse)
112 “What about meeting on Sunday?”Mark said to Jane(suggest)
113 “Why don’t you help her” the teacher said to her student(suggest)
114 “I can’t go to your birthday party next Saturday evening,sorry John”said Mary(apologize)
115 “you should lose your weight”the doctor said to me(advise)
116 “You wear a suit when you come to my party”said Susan(insist)
117 The manager said to the worker “you have done excellent work this month”(congratulate)
118 “you told a lie ,Tom”she said(accuse)
119 “To tell the truth,I haven’t insured my car”she said(admit)
VI Write the following sentences in Reported Speech
120 “It was really kind of you to help me.” Mary said to you
Mary thanked me
121 “I’ll drive you to the airport.” John said to Linda
John insisted
122 “You have passed the final exams Congratulations!” Jim said to you
Jim congratulated me
123 “It was nice of you to invite me to the dinner Thank you”, Miss White said to Peter
Miss White thanked
124 “Don’t play with the matches!” I said to Jack
I warned
125 “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier”, Margaret said to you
Margaret apologized
126 “I have always wanted to be a pilot”, Paul said to you
Paul has always dreamed of
127 “You didn’t do what I said”, the mother said to her son
The mother accused
128 “You had better go to the doctor”
He urged me
129 “You’ve got to lend me some money!”
He begged me
130 “Give me your homework.”
The teacher told us
131 “Please, don’t smoke in my car.”
He asked us
132 “I’ll buy you an ice-cream.”
My Dad promised
133 “Would you like to have a drink with me?"
He invited me
134 “You should give up smoking.”
The doctor advised me
135 “Don’t shoot.”
The General ordered us
VII Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting
136 I couldn’t make my car to start this morning
A B C D
Trang 8137 I’m sure he is incapable of run a mile in four minutes
A B C D
138 Good friendship should be based on mutual understand
A B C D
139 I’m delighted hearing that you have made much progress in your study
A B C D
140 There is a lot of work doing here
A B C D
141 He was terribly excited to ask to play for Manchester
A B C D
142 He could not decide whether to get a job or studying
A B C D
143 I dislike being talk about everywhere
A B C D
144 He says that speak a foreign language always makes him nervous
A B C D
145 We’re looking forward to see you again
A B C D
146 I’d like buying some earrings like yours
A B C D
147 She smelt something burning and saw smoke rise
A B C D
148 I warned them not climb the mountain in such bad weather
A B C D
149 They voluntarily spent their vacations to teach illiterate people to read & write
A B C D
150 You can congratulate yourself about having done an excellent job
A B C D
151 Peter apologized for break the vase
A B C D
152 He insisted on seeing the manager tomorrow
A B C D
VIII Choose the best answer to complete each sentence
153 Some high school students take part in ……the handicapped A helping B to help C help D being help
154 The mission of this society is …………community education for street children
A to provide B provide C providing D provided
155 Shy people often find it to take part in group discussions
A difficult B difficulty C difficultly D be difficult
156 I am unable to the meeting on Monday evening, please apologise for my absence
A to come B come C coming D to be come
157 it several times, he didn’t want to read it once again
A Reading B To read C To have read D Having read
158 that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare
A Knowing B Known C Knew D Having knew
159 photographs of the place, I had no desire to go there
A Seeing B Seen C Saw D Having seen
160 I hate a child
A see/ crying B see/ cry C seeing/ to cry D seeing/ cry
161 I notice the lorry down the hill
A to come B came C coming D having come
Trang 9162 I observed a blue car very fast towards the motorway
A having driven B driven C driving D to drive
163 They left the restaurant, two hours over lunch
A spending B spent C after spend D having spent
164 The police accused him of fire to the building but he denied in the area on the night of the fire
A setting/ being B setting/ having been C set/ be D having set/ having been
165 Someone told us sit on the stairs
A don’t B not C not to D to not
166 “Don’t forget to ring me”
A I advised David to ring me B I reminded David to ring me
167 The doctor advised him and to take up some sport
C to stop smoking D to stop to smoke
168 I have told him never to buy some potatoes on the way home
A come B comes C came D to come
169 Professional people expect when it is necessary to cancel an appointment
A you to call them B that you would call them
C you calling them D that you are calling them
170 The conductor asked in the bus
A them to please not to smoke B that they should not smoke
C them not to smoke D them not to smoke
171 I’d rather at home
A to stay B staying C stayed D stay
172 They noticed him the agreement
A sign B to sign C signing D signed
173 Jack admitted the money
A steal B to steal C stealing D stolen
174 Don’t him to arrive early He’s always late
A think B judge C hope D expect
175 I wouldn’t of going to the party I hadn’t been invited to
A dream B intend C depend D rely
176 The instructor warned the students sailing alone on the lake
A on B for C of D against
177 Her mother prevented her going out tonight
A against B from C about D at
178 I apologized the book at home
A for leaving B to leaving C leaving D to leave