182 Section 1 Guide to Reading 20 of 39 21 of 39 22 of 39 23 of 39 24 of 39 25 of 39 From the information in paragraph 5, it is clear that WLEDs could be used in homes today if the
Trang 113 0f39 The word’ in the passage is closest in meaning to
© logically
© generally
© amazingly
© naturally
140f39 In paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the prob-
lems with fluorescent lights?
© The need to replace them often
© An annoying sound
© The harsh quality of the light they produce
© Their tendency to flicker
a
ee =
°
wa
a
150f39 According to the passage, a red LED is different from a green LED because it
© is made from different materials
© uses a different amount of energy
© uses a red plastic filter, not a green one
© produces less heat
16 0f39 The word #fiéy in the passage refers to
© white-light-emitting diodes
© digital clocks, calculators, toys, and similar devices
© engineers
© red, orange, and green LEDs
17of39 Inparagraph 5, what achievement of Shuji Nakamura does the author
mention?
© He discovered the chemical compound gallium nitride
© He invented the first WLED
© He found a way to combine blue, green, and yellow LED light
© He developed a bright blue LED
18 0f39 It can be inferred from the passage that the most recently developed type of
LED is a powerful
© red LED
© white LED
© blue LED
© green LED
19 of39 In paragraph 5, the author compares one type of WLED with fluorescent light
because they both
© use ultraviolet light
© are filled with gas
© employ a chemical coating
© are energy efficient
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20 of 39
21 of 39
22 of 39
23 of 39
24 of 39
25 of 39
From the information in paragraph 5, it is clear that WLEDs could be used in homes today if they were
©) not so expensive
© easier to install
© twice as efficient as incandescent lights
© available in various colors The author gives details about the use of kerosene lights in paragraph 6 in order to
©) explain why people in developing countries prefer kerosene to electrical light
© show the problems and dangers associated with this form of lighting
© give an example of a type of lighting that is not as important as it once was
©) demonstrate that kerosene is brighter and easier to use than WLEDs According to the information in paragraph 6, the electricity to power WLEDs in rural villages would come directly from
© the energy of the sun
© batteries
© water power
© ahuman-powered generator
Savas senate teramienne
The word conve il in the passage is closest in meaning to
© inexpensive
© powerful
© standard
© experimental What opinion about cell phones in the developing world does the author express in paragraph 62
©) They are an important form of communication, but are still too expensive for many people
©) They are a much more important technological development than LEDs
©) They are not as useful as phones that use land lines
©) They have changed communication in the way LEDs may change lighting Look at the four squares [ll] that indicate where the following sentence could
be added to the passage
But 95% of the energy goes to produce heat and is basically wasted
At the end of the 1800’s, Thomas Edison introduced the incandescent light bulb and changed the world Remarkably, the incandescent bulb used today has changed little in over a hundred years ml A glass bulb is filled with an inert gas such as argon Inside the bulb, electricity passes through a metal filament Because of resistance, the filament becomes so hot that it glows ll Given that 20% of the world’s electricity is used to power lights, this is an enormous amount of wasted energy Hl
Circle the square (™] that indicates the best place to add the sentence
Trang 326 0f39 DirEcTIONS: Below is an introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage
Complete the summary by writing the letters of three of the answer choices that
express the most important ideas of the passage Some of the answer choices are
incorrect because they express ideas that are not given in the passage or because
they express only details from the passage
Incandescent lights and fluorescent lights are two common types of light-
ing, but incandescents are wasteful and fluorescents are not popular for pe)
=
z
e
e
A There are two ways to create WLEDs, than incandescent lights but
but neither type is commonly used not as efficient as fluorescent
B An entire rural village can be litwith £, The greatest impact of LEDs
LEDs using no more energy than a will probably be in rural areas
C Color LEDs are in use today, and E LEDs, arelatively new form
homes in the near future produce a pleasant light
1 In April 1870, an art exhibit opened in Paris featuring famous and priceless
works of art However, at the time, no one knew that these paintings would one
day be considered masterpieces The paintings and the painters were Vi
unknown at the time and would remain that way for several years
2 In the nineteenth century, French art was dominated by the Academy of
Fine Arts Every year the academy held an art show called Le Salon In 1863, the
Academy rejected one of the paintings of Edouard Manet Manet and a group
of other independent artists organized their own show, which they called Salon
des Refusés (Salon of the Rejected), which opened on April 15, 1874 A newspa-
per critic named Louis Leroy visited the gallery and was not pleased with what
he saw One painting of boats in a harbor at dawn by Claude Monet particularly
enraged him It was called Impression: Sunset Leroy wrote that this piece, and in
fact most of the pieces in the show, looked like “impressions”—a term for a pre-
liminary, unfinished sketch made before a painting is done Leroy’s newspaper
review was jokingly called “The Exhibition of the Impressionists.” Within a few
y Leroy’s review, the term Impressionists had clearly stuck, not as a term of
@eHsi6A but as a badge of honor, and a new movement was born
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184 Section 1 Guide to Reading
3
The Impressionist movement included the French painters Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Paul Cezanne, and the American painter Mary Cassatt The techniques and standards employed within the Impressionist movement varied widely, and though the artists shared a core
of values, the real glue which bound the movement together was its spirit of rebellion and independence
This spirit is clear when you compare Impressionist paintings with traditional French paintings of the time Traditional painters tended to paint rather serious scenes from history and mythology Many Impressionist paintings feature pleasant scenes of urban life, celebrating the leisure time that the Industrial Revolution had won for the middle class, as shown in Renoir’s luminous painting Luncheon of the Boating Party In that famous painting, the sun filters through the orange-striped awning, bathing everything and everyone at the party in its warm light Renoir once said that paintings should be “ likable, joyous, and pretty.” He said, “There are enough unpleasant things in this world We don’t have to paint them as well.” It is this joy of life that makes Renoir’s paintings so distinctive
The Impressionists delighted in painting landscapes (except for Edgar Degas, who preferred painting indoor scenes, and Mary Cassatt, who mainly painted portraits of mothers and children) Traditional painters, too, painted landscapes, but their landscapes tended to be somber and dark The Impressionists’ land- scapes sparkle with light Impressionists insisted that their works be “true to nature.” When they painted landscapes, they carried their paints and canvases outdoors in order to capture the ever-changing light Traditional painters gener- ally made preliminary sketches outside but worked on the paintings themselves
in their studios
“Classic” Impressionist paintings are often easy to niques used by the painters One of the first “rules” of the Impressionists, that the colors should be dropped pure on the canvas instead of getting mixed on the palette, was respected by only a few of them and for only a couple of years, but most Impressionists mixed their paints as little as possible They believed that it was better to allow the eye to mix the colors as it viewed them on the canvas The traditional technique at the time was to make sketches or outlines
of the subject before painting them Generally, Impressionists painted directly onto the canvas without sketches Impressionists tended to paint with short, thick strokes of paints shaped like commas While traditional painters paid attention to details, Impressionists valued overall effect Traditional painters always tried to hide their brush strokes, but Impressionists left brush strokes on the canvas for the world to see Unlike traditional painters, Impressionists applied one layer of paint on top of # without waiting for the paint to dry These techniques created paintings that seemed strange and unfinished
to the general public when they were first painted, but are much loved in
our time
Glossary palette: a board with a hole for the thumb on which painters mix their colors
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27 of 39
28 of 39
29 of 39
30 of 39
31 of 39
What point does the author make about the art show that opened on April 15,
1874, at the Salon des Refusés in Paris?
© It was more popular with visitors and critics than the official show called
“Le Salon.”
© It made the painters and paintings shown there instantly successful
© Its organizers refused to allow Edouard Manet to display his paintings there
© It featured famous paintings and painters before they became well known
The word
© almost
© infinitely
© seemingly
© forever
in the passage is closest in meaning to the word
wv
m
eS
s
2
le,
According to the author, Louis Leroy used the term “Impressionists” because
© he understood that these artists did not carefully study their subjects,
but only got a quick impression of what they painted
© he thought that Monet's painting, and all of the paintings at the show,
looked like unfinished drawings
© he believed that giving these artists a group name would help them become
famous
© he thought that the painting Impression: Sunset was the best painting at
the show The word
© ridicule
© sincerity
©) respect
© sorrow
in the passage is closest in meaning to
Which of the following sentences best expresses the essential information in
the sentence below? (Incorrect answer choices omit important information or
change the meaning of the original sentence in an important way.)
The techniques and standards employed within the Impressionist movement
varied widely, and though the artists shared a core of values, the real glue
which bound the movement together was its spirit of rebellion and
independence
© The core of values shared by the Impressionists was the most important
connection between them
© Although there were artistic differences among the Impressionists, they
were united by an independent spirit and shared values
© At first the Impressionist movement was held together by a shared set of
techniques and standards, but in time they rebelled against these core values
© Although the Impressionists’ values differed, their techniques and stan-
dards helped create a strong, independent spirit
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32 of 39
33 of 39
34 of 39
35 of 39
36 of 39
37 of 39
Renoir’s painting Luncheon of the Boating Party is given in paragraph 4 as an example of
© an industrial scene
© astudy of some urban buildings
© a picture of people enjoying their leisure time
© a traditional French painting According to the information in paragraph 5, what did the painters Edgar Degas and Mary Cassatt have in common?
© They both painted portraits of children and mothers
© Neither of them was originally from France
©) Neither of them was primarily interested in landscapes
©) They both preferred painting unpleasant scenes
According to paragraph 5, when traditional painters worked on landscape paintings, they
© studied the ever-changing light
© did not make any preliminary sketches
©) never left their studios
© sketched outdoors but painted indoors
It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 6 that in the author's view, the first “rule” of Impressionism
© was not really a rule at all
©) was the most important rule of all
© led Impressionists to mix their colors
© lasted longer than other rules The word
© paint
© identify
© admire
© ignore
n paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
The phrase ole in the passage refers to
© an artist
© a painting
© a brush stroke
© a layer of paint
Trang 738 of 39
39 of 39
Look at the four squares [lM] that indicate where the following sentence could
be added to the passage
This play of light can be seen in Claude Monet's paintings Water Lilies, Green Harmony, and The Bridge at Argenteuil
The Impressionists delighted in painting landscapes (except for Edgar Degas,
who preferred painting indoor scenes, and Mary Cassatt, who painted portraits
of mothers and children) M Traditional painters, too, painted landscapes, but
their landscapes tended to be somber and dark m The Impressionists’ land-
scapes sparkle with light m Impressionists insisted that their works be “true
to nature.” m When they painted landscapes, they carried their paints and
canvases outdoors in order to capture the ever-changing light Traditional
painters generally made preliminary sketches outside but worked on the
paintings themselves in their studios
Circle the square [Mi] that indicates the best place to add the sentence
Directions: Select phrases from the answer choices and match them to the cat-
egory to which they relate Two answer choices will not be used This question
is worth 4 points
A Their classic pieces are very distinctive because of
the methods they used to create them
B They often painted serious scenes from history
and mythology
C Their works were considered unusual at the time
D They used darker colors when painting landscapes.| ®
E They celebrated middle-class people enjoying their] ¢
They seldom completely finished their paintings
They concentrated on details
They painted abstract scenes with no recognizable figures in them
I Their landscape paintings were filled with light
This is the end of the Reading Review Test
Trang 8
READING TUTORIAL: VOCABULARY BUILDING
This section of the text provides synonyms for more than 500 words, together with practice exercises designed to improve your ability to use context to choose the word that best fits into a sentence
VOCABULARY EXERCISE 1
188
abandon uv desert, leave behind able adj capable, qualified, fit abolish v end, eliminate abrupt adj sudden, hasty, unexpected acclaim v applaud, praise, honor; n applause, praise, honor accommodating adj helpful, welcoming, cooperative acrid adj bitter, sharp, biting
adapt v adjust, modify adept adj skillful, expert adhere v stick, cling admonish v warn, caution, advise adorn v decorate, ornament advent n coming, arrival adverse adj hostile, negative, contrary affluent adj rich, wealthy, prosperous, well-to-do, thriving aggravate v (1) annoy, irritate; (2) intensify, worsen
aggregate adj entire, total, combined agile adj graceful, nimble, lively ailment n sickness, illness, disease allot v divide, distribute
amazing adj astonishing, astounding, surprising, startling amiable adj agreeable, congenial, pleasant, friendly anticipate v foresee, expect, predict
anxious adj (1) worried, nervous, apprehensive; (2) eager, avid appraise v evaluate, estimate, assess
apt adj (1) appropriate, suitable, correct, relevant, proper; (2) likely, prone arduous adj difficult, strenuous, exhausting
arid adj dry, barren aroma n fragrance, smell, odor, scent artificial adj synthetic, imitation, man-made astonishing adj surprising, amazing, astounding
Trang 9astute adj intelligent, clever, perceptive
attain v accomplish, achieve
augment v supplement, increase, strengthen, expand
austere adj strict, harsh, severe, stern
authentic adj genuine, true
averse adj opposed to, against, hostile to
aversion n dislike, hostility, fear
awkward adj clumsy
Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabu-
lary items (A), (B), or (C), according to the context of the sentences The first one is
done for you as an example
1
10
Scholarships allow some students from less
Penicillin can have an A _ effect on a person who is allergic to it
Burning rubber produces an _ smoke
Rationing isasystem for _ scarce resources
(A) allotting (B) adapting (C) appraising
Anthrax is generally an _ of sheep and cattle, but it can also be
transmitted to humans
Lawrence Gilman is admired for his _, scholarly musical criticism
Mountain climbing isan _ sport
Turtles _ their eggs after they lay them and never see their young
families to attend college
(A) artificial (B) affluent (C) amiable
Jewelers are sometimes asked to jewelry for insurance purposes
Acrobats must be extremely
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11
12
13
14
15
16
VOCABULARY
Southern Arizona has an climate
A person suffering from claustrophobia has an to confined spaces
Perhaps the most evolutionary development in penguins is a gland that can remove salt from seawater
Readers in the eighteenth century found Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense extremely persuasive, in part because it contained many
quotations
Some lakes are natural, but others are , formed by damming rivers or streams
I was told that the librarians here were not very helpful, but I found them quite (A) accommodating (B) averse (C) austere
EXERCISE 2
baffle v confuse, puzzle, mystify balmy adj mild, warm
ban v prohibit, forbid bar v prevent, obstruct, block barren adj sterile, unproductive, bleak, lifeless barter v trade, exchange
beckon v summon, call, signal belligerent adj hostile, aggressive beneficial adj helpful, useful, advantageous benevolent adj benign, kind, compassionate, good bias n prejudice
blanched adj whitened, bleached, pale bland adj mild, tasteless, dull
blatant adj flagrant, obvious, overt blend v mix, mingle, combine; n mixture, combination bloom v blossom, flower, flourish
blow up v (1) explode; (2) become angry; (3) magnify, expand blunder v make a mistake; n error, mistake