viec ho trg 1,7 ty UA cho du an nang lugng Medupi nham phat trien nguon nang lugng khong nhirng cua Nam Phi ma ca khu vuc mem nam chau Phi. Day la khoan cho vay Idn nhat ciia AfBD gi[r]
Trang 1LIEN KET KHU VlTC GIUP CHAU PHI KHAC PHUC KHUNG HOANG
Pham Thi Kim Hue*
1 Tac dpng tieu circ cua khung
hoang tai chinh toan cau doi v6i
chau Phi
Suy gidm thuang mgi vd nguon vdn
Do nhu cau tren the giai giam nen xuat
khau ciia chau Phi giam dang ke, keo theo sy
suy giam can can tai khoan hien hanh, nguon
du trir ngoai te va thu nhap tir thue Theo
danh gia cua AfDB, thu nhap tir thue thuang
mai ciia Chau Phi giam, chi dat khoang 15 ty
USD chiem 1%) GDP va 4,6%) thu nhap
chinh phu, trong dd thu nhap tir thue thuong
mai cua cac nudc xuat khau dau md khoang
8,2 ty USD (chiem 4%o thu nhap chinh phu)
va thu nhap tii thue thuong mai cua cae nudc
khong xuat khau dau md la 6,8 ty USD
(chiem 5%) thu nhap chinh phu)
Theo bao cao Giam sat xu hudng dau tu
toan cau hang quy cua Hgi nghj Thuong mai
va Phat trien Lien hiep Quoc (UNCTAD),
Vi^n Ngliien ciru Chau Phi va Trung Dong
day la nam thir hai lien tiep FDI toan cau giam va chi bang 50%o so vai nam 2007 (khoang 2.000 ty USD), toe do tang trudng mua ban va sap nhap doanh nghiep lien bien gidi (M&As) giam tir miic 706,%o nam 2008 xuong mirc 240%) nam 2009 Trong boi canh nhu vay, ddng FDI vao chau Phi ciing bi anh hudng FDI vao chau Phi nam 2009 chi bang 50%o so vai tdng so von FDI vao chau Phi nam 2008
- Gia tdng thdm hut ngdn sdch vd na
Khung hoang kinh te toan cau de doa tinh
on dinh nen kinh te vT mo cua chau Phi do tai khoan hien hanh va tham hut ngan sach gia tang N I U trong thang 2/2009, Ngan hang Phat triln Chau Phi dy bao miic tham hut ngan sach nam 2009 cua chau Phi la 5,4%o GDP thi den thang 5/2009 miic tham hut ngan sach da tang len chiem 5,8%) GDP so vdi mirc thang du 2,8% GDP nam 2008 Can can tai khoan hien hanh vao thang 5/2009 tir
miic thang du 2,1% GDP nam 2008 da bi
i « i Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUIVG DOIVG so 04 (56) thang 04/2010
Trang 2Liviii nee Knu vuc giup chau Phi Pham Thi Kim Hue
tham but d mirc 5,3%) GDP Viec gia tang
"tham hut khep" da ban c b l nghiem trgng
kha nang thyc hien cac sang kien can thiet de
doi phd vdi khung hoang va duy tri cac
chuong trinh phat trien cua chinh phii cac
nudc chau Phi
Trudc khung hoang, phan Idn cac nudc
chau Phi da dat duac mot so tien bg trong
viec binh on cac khoan ng nudc ngoai cua
minh Nhieu nudc chau Phi thu nhap thap
(LICs) da dugc hudng Igi tir chinh sach xoa
ng Chang ban, Nigeria da sii dung bien phap
ddi dau de tra ng nudc ngoai Chinh vi vay,
ty le na/GDP cua cac nudc ngheo nang ng
(HIPC) da giam tu 117,6 %> nam 2000 xuong
cdn 35,6%) nam 2008 (Dir lieu Thong ke
Ngan hang Phat trien Chau Phi, Ngan hang
The gidi) Nhung khung hoang da khien
nhieu nudc chau Phi vay mugn trd lai de bu
dap tham hut tai khoan bien hanh ngay cang
gia tang va cung cap tai chinh cho chinh phu
de khac phuc hau qua cua cuoc khung hoang
va thyc hien cac sang kien phat trien mdi
Neu nhu trudc khiing hoang, chi cd LICs d
chau Phi mdi vay mugn nhieu thi hien nay,
ngay ca cac nudc cd thu nhap trung binh
(MICs) cung di vay mugn vdi ty le vay
mugn cua MICs la 26%) ng chuyen nhugng
trong tong sd ng va doi vdi LICs la 99%)
- Anh huang xdu den mot sd ngdnh
+ Tai chinh ngan bang:
Mot so dy bao nam 2008 ve tac dgng cua
khung hoang tai chinh bat ngudn tir My ddi
vdi chau Phi cdn rat kha quan Cd danh gia
cho rang do he thong tai chinh ngan hang
ciia chau Phi chua phat trien nen khdng bi
tac ddng nang ne nhu he thdng tai chinh ngan bang cua chau Au hay chau A Song tren thyc te, den thang 4 nam 2009, gia chi
sd tat ca cac cd phieu tren thi trudng chirng khoan Nigeria giam 62,2%o, gia chi sd CASE
20 cua thi trudng cbirng khoan Cairo giam 46,2%o so vdi cung ky nam ngoai va giam nhieu gan gap ddi so vdi chi sd Dow Jones (28,5%) va chi so CAC Pans (29,6%) ciing
ky Thyc su, he thong tai chinh ngan hang cua chau Phi da bi anh hudng tir cuoc khung hoang tai chinh, dac biet cac ngan hang cd ten tudi Idn cua chau Phi nhu Ngan hang Nedbank - ngan bang cho vay Idn thir 4 cua Nam Phi, doanh thu nam 2009 dy kien giam 10%) so vdi mirc giam 2,8%) nam 2008 Viec
he thong tai chinh ngan bang cua chau Phi bi tac dgng xau tir cuoc khung hoang chae chan
se ban che viec cung cap tin dung cho cac doanh nghiep ciing nhu cho cac nganh nghe khac cua chau Phi phat trien
+ Dau md va khoang san:
Chau Phi dugc biet la chau luc giau tai nguyen thien nhien nhu dau md va khoang san Day la mot trong nhiing Igi the de mot
sd nudc chau Phi phat trien Song do khung hoang tai chinh toan cau, nhu cau ve dau md
va khoang san tren the gidi giam da anh hudng tieu cue den san lugng va gia xuat khau dau md ciing nhu khoang san cua chau Phi Ngay dau nam 2009, thu nhap chinh phu tir viec xuat khau dau md cua Nigeria giam
25%) va cua Angola giam 24% so vdi cung
ky nam 2008 Cu the, trong thang 2 nam
2009, ddng ngoai te chu yeu thu dugc tu viec xuat khau dau cua Nigeria giam den 68%) so vdi thang 10 nam 2008 Khdng chi nganh
Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUIVG DOIVG so 04 (56) thang 04/2010 17'
Trang 3Pham Thi Kim Hue Lien ket khu vi/cgiup cnau t^ni
dau khi d chau Phi bi tac dgng xau tu cuoc
khiing hoang ma nganh khoang san cung bj
anh hudng theo Hang loat cong ty khoang
san ciia chau Phi da phai cat giam viec san
xult va khai thac cac md khoang san mdi
Chang ban, san lugng ddng cua Cong boa
Dan chu Congo (DRC) giam tir 34.215 tan
trong thang 6 nam 2008 xudng cdn-23.562
tan trong thang 10 nam 2008 va xu hudng
giam nay van cdn tiep dien trong nam 2009
Ket qua la den cudi nam 2008, khoang 40
cdng ty khai thac khoang san cua DRC phai
ddng cua va hon 300.000 cong nhan bi mat
viec lam
+ Du
lich.-Du lich duac eoi la mot trong nhirng ddn
bay kinh te quan trgng de giup cac nen kinh
te chau Phi nhu Cape Verde, Mauritus,
Kenya, Uganda, Morocco, Tunisia va
Tanzania tang trudng Song do khung hoang,
so lugng khach du lich den chau Phi dac biet
la khach du lich nudc ngoai den tir chau Au,
chau My, chau A giam dang ke Theo Bao
cao thang 1/2009 cua Td chire Du lich The
gidi (UNWTO), toe do tang trudng nganh du
lich cua cac nudc can Sahara giam tir 7,5%o
nam 2007 xuong cdn 4,5% nam 2008 Cu
the, d Tanzania du lich chiem 17,2% GDP
-mot ty le tuong doi cao, thi den thang 11
nam 2008, 60% cac tua du Hch trgn gdi bi
buy bd va tinh trang nay van cdn tiep dien
nhieu hon trong nam 2009 Hay a Tunisia,
trong thang 3 nam 2009, du dich chi tang cd
3,1%) Cd the ndi rang nganh du lich ciia
chau Phi bl tac dgng rat ro tir cuoc khiing
hoang va anh hudng tryc tiep den toe do tang
trudng kinh te cua chau Phi
+ Nong nghiep:
Nong nghiep dugc coi la nganh xuong song giiip mot so nuac chau Phi xoa ddi giam ngheo, nhung khiing hoang da anh hudng nghiem trgng den chau Phi, dac biet doi vdi cac nen kinh te chau Phi phu thugc vao nong nghiep Chang ban, xuat khau ca phe cua Ethiopia trong thang 3 nam 2009 giam xuong mot niia chi dat 221 trieu USD
so vdi miic mue tieu la 446,7 trieu USD chu yeu la do gia ca phe tren the gidi giam manh Hay nhu Mali hang nam xuat khau bdng chiem 80%o tong gia tri xuat khau nong san thi den thang 1 nam 2009, ty le xuat khau bong giam, chi cdn 25%) Khung hoang khong nhirng lam gia nong san giam thap
ma viec cung cap tin dung cho ndng dan chau Phi ciing bi eo hep, do dd ndng dan chau Phi khong cd kha nang mua phan bdn
va hat gidng, dan den viec cat giam dat dai canh tac, nang suat luong thyc sa sut Neu khdng cd bien phap thi dieu nay rat cd nguy
ca dan chau Phi rai vao khung hoang luong thyc lan thir hai
- Thut liii Mue tieu phdt triin thien nien
ky (MDGs)
Ro rang, chau Phi cdng khong nam ngoai pham vi chiu tac dgng tir cuoc khung hoang tai ehinh toan cau Nhu tren da de cap, khung hoang tai chinh lan nay rat cd the khien chau Phi rai vao khung hoang luong thue lan thii hai, trong khi chau luc nay cdn dang van Ion, phan dau de thyc hien mue tieu xda ddi giam ngheo - mot trong nhirng MDGs quan trgng cua chau Phi Do tham hut ngan sach cong them viec suy giam vien trg (theo To chiic quoc te MSF &ACF, den
l i i Tgp ehi nghien ciru CHAU PIII & TRUIVG DOIVG so 04 (56) thang 04/2010
Trang 4Lien ket khu vi/c giijp chau Phi Pham Thi Kim Hue
thang 2 nam 2009, chau Phi chi nhan dugc 1
ty USD so vdi 12,3 ty USD ma cac nha tai
trg hua se vien trg cho chau Phi vao thang 6
nam 2008), nen so lugng ddi ngheo d chau
Phi gia tang Neu nhu trudc khiing hoang,
tinh trang so ngudi chet ddi phan nhieu xay
ra d cac viing nong thon chau Phi, thi hien
nay da lan rgng den cac khu do thi Vi du, d
Kenya trong nam 2009 con sd nhiing ngudi
cd nguy ca bi ddi d nong thdn la 3,5 trieu
ngudi va d thanh thi la 4 trieu ngudi Ngudi
ta du tinh den nam 2015, Rwanda.cd the
giam ty le ddi ngheo ciia nudc nay tir 53%)
nam 2005 xudng cdn 33%o, song khiing
hoang tai chinh toan cau da khien viec thyc
hien mue tieu xda ddi giam ngheo cua
Rwanda cham lai
Hau bet cac nganh nghe cua chau Phi deu
d vao tinh the khd khan do khung hoang tai
chinh toan cau, nhieu cong ty ddng cua, kinh
doanh va san xuat bi dinh don Chang ban d
Zambia, mot dy an tri gia 500 trieu USD da
bi hiiy bd, hay d Madagascar, hai dy an khai
thac khoang san deu bi riit vdn dau tu Dieu
nay khien cho hang trieu cong nhan mat viec
lam Chinh vi vay, d Zambia tir thang
12/2008 den nay da cd khoang 9000 ngudi bi
mat viec lam, sau khi viec khai thac ddng
ciia nudc nay bi cat giam Hay nhu d
Madagascar, gan day mot nha may det vdi
4000 nhan cong da bi ddng ciia Theo bao
cao ciia ILO, ty le that nghiep a cac nudc
can Sahara tang len 8,5%) trong nam 2009
tuong duong vdi khoang 3 trieu ngudi mat
viec lam Viec lam la ca hgi de ngudi dan
chau Phi thoat khdi ddi ngheo Song theo
bao cao ciia UNESCO, trong nam 2009 se cd
them 27 trieu ngudi ngheo mdi d chau Phi,
ty le nhirng ngudi kiem dugc it ban 2 USD mot ngay se tang len 86,6%o so vdi ty le 82,2%) trong nam 2007 Dieu dd cd nghTa la MDGs cua chau Phi se khdng the thyc bien theo dung Id trinh
2 Hdp tac giu'a cac nu'dc chau Phi de doi pho v6i khung hoang
Mac du trong nam 2008, khung hoang tai chinh toan cau chua tac dong manh den chau Phi, nhung ngay tir nhirng thang cudi cung ciia nam 2008, cac bg trudng Tai chinh va cac thdng ddc Ngan bang trung uong Chau Phi nhan dip tham dy Hgi nghi kinh te Chau Phi lan thut 3 dien ra tai Tunis, Tunisia tir ngay 12-14/11/2008, da khan truong nhdm hgp Hgi nghi cap bg trudng de ban bae tim cac giai phap doi phd vdi tac ddng ciia khiing hoang tai chinh toan cau
Tiep sau Hgi nghi cap bg trudng tai Tunis thang 11/2008, ngay 16/01/2009 tai Cape Town, Nam Phi, Ngan hang phat trien Chau Phi, Uy ban Lien minh Chau Phi va Uy ban Kinh te ve Chau Phi cua Lien hgp quoc da td chire cuoc hgp khan cap cua Hgi ddng 10 bao gdm 5 Bg trudng Tai chinh cua cac nudc Nam Phi, Nigeria, Ai Cap, Cameroon va Tanzania va 5 thdng ddc Ngan hang Trung uong cua Botswana, Kenya, Algeria, mot nudc Tay Phi va mot nudc Trung Phi Hgi ddng 10 da chinh thirc dugc thanh lap tir Hgi nghi cap bg trudng thang 11/2008 tai Tunis vdi sd lugng thanh vien gom 5 bo trudng Tai chinh va 5 thdng ddc Ngan hang trung uong dai dien cho 5 khu vyc cua chau Phi: Trung Phi, Dong Phi, BIC Phi, Nam Phi va Tay Phi Nhiem vu cua Hgi dong 10 la ca quan giam sat, danh gia tac dgng cung nhu dua ra cac
Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRU^G DOIVG so 04 (56) thang 04/2010 19
Trang 5Pham Thi Kim Hue Lien kit khu vi/c giup chau PN
bien phap cua chau Phi de khac phuc hau
qua ciia khung hoang tai chinh toan cau
Cac cuoc hgp lien quan den khiing hoang
tai chinh toan cau lien tiep dugc to chiic tai
chau Phi nhu Hgi nghi ban trdn ve anh
hudng cua cuoc khung hoang tai chinh toan
cau doi vdi khu vyc tu nhan chau Phi dien ra
tai Tunisia vao ngay 12/02/2009, Hgi nghi
ve "Khung hoang tai chinh - Chien luge
giam sat nhirng tac dgng cua nd doi vai chau
Phi" do Ngan hang phat trien chau Phi to
chire vao ngay 10/04/2009 tai Tunis nham
tim each gnip cac nuac thanh vien ciia the
che tai chinh nay doi phd vdi khung hoang
Cuoc hgp thudng men ciia cac thanh vien
AfDB da dien ra tai Dakar, Senegal tir ngay
13-14/05/2009 de ban v l "chau Phi va khung
hoang tai chinh: Chuong trinh nghi sy hanh
ddng" Dang ndi nhat la sau cuoc hgp lan
nay, cac ben da ra Tuyen bo chung "Cac
sang kien phoi hgp de giam thieu tac dgng
cua khiing hoang kinh te doi vai chau Phi"
Tac dong cua khung hoang tai chinh toan
cau ddi vdi chau Phi khong chi la moi quan
tam cua cac bg trudng Tai chinh ciing nhu
cac thdng doc Ngan hang ciia cac nudc chau
Phi ma cdn la moi quan tam cua cac bg
trudng Giao due cac nudc chau Phi Moi
quan tam do dugc the hien bang Hgi nghi
ung bg chau Phi vdi tieu de "Phat trien giao
due va kinh te d chau Phi giiia bdi canh
khung hoang tai ehinh toan cau hien nay"
duac to cbirc tai Tunis, vao ngay
16/07/2009 Qua hgi nghi lan nay, cac nuac
chau Phi deu nhan thay phat trien nguon
nhan lye la chia khoa de tang trudng kinh te,
dac biet trong giai doan khiing hoang hien
nay viec dau tu vao giao due phi rui ro ma lai mang hieu qua cao
Trudc nhirng tac dgng ngay cang xau ciia khiing hoang tai chinh toan cau doi vdi chau Phi, Uy ban kinh te ve chau Phi va Ngan hang phat trien chau Phi da dong to chiic Hgi nghi Kinh te Chau Phi lan thii 4 tai Addis Ababa, Ethiopia tii ngay 11-13/11/2009 vdi
sy tham dy ciia gan 500 dai bieu bao gom cac nha lanh dao, cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach, cac nha kinh doanh tu nhan chii chdt
va dai dien cac to chiic phi chinh phii den tir cac nudc chau Phi ciing nhu quoc te Mue dich chinh cua hgi nghi lan nay la: Chia se thdng tin giira cac nuac chau Phi de hoach dinh va thue hien cac chinh sach phat trien, Thue day doi thoai va chia se thong tin giiia cac nha kinh te va cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach chau Phi; Khuyen khich va ciing cd cac nghien ciru kinh te ve sy phat trien kinh te cua chau Phi,
Su hgp tac giiia cac nuac chau Phi de giai quyet anh hudng cua khung hoang tai chinh toan cau cd the coi la bien phap hiru hieu trong boi canh hien nay Tai dien dan cap cao dien vao ngay 18/11 /2009 tai Tunis, cac nha lanh dao chau Phi da nhat tri ra Tuyen
bo Tunis ve Cai each cong d chau Phi bao gom nhiing uu tien cua chau Phi de cai each phat trien trong tuong lai Ciing tai Tunis tir ngay 28-29/11/2009, Hgi nghi Lien minh doi thoai vi chau Phi (CoDA) da dugc to chire nham danh gia tac dgng ciia khung hoang tai ehinh toan cau doi vai nen kinh te chau Phi
va khang dinh tam quan trgng cua hgi nhap khu vyc chau Phi trong viec giai quyet khung hoang tai chinh toan cau CoDA chinh
Trang 6U€n ket khu VI/C giup chau Phi Pham Thi Kim Hue
thirc dugc thanh lap vao ngay 6/3/2009 tai
Addis Ababa do sang kien cua Thu tudng
Ethiopia - Meles Zenawi CoDA la mot to
chirc hgp tac giira AfDB, AUC va EC A, va
day ciing cd the coi la mot trong nhirng su
lien ket khu vyc quan trgng a chau Phi de
doi phd vdi khiing hoang tai chinh toan cau
3 Vai tro cua Ngan hang Phat
trien Chau Phi trong viec khac
phuc hau qua khung hoang
Trong tinh binh khung hoang hien nay,
Ngan hang Phat trien Chau Phi (AfDB)
-mot to chirc hgp tac tai chinh cua chau Phi,
ddng vai trd quan trgng trong viec dua ra
nhirng danh gia kip thai ve tac dgng cua
khung hoang tai chinh doi vai chau Phi, huy
dgng va dieu tiet hai hda cac nguon von de
dap ung nhu cau khat tai chinh ciia cac nudc
chau Phi, dac biet la ho trg thiet thyc cho cac
du an hen khu vyc va cac nuac bi anh hudng
nhieu tir khiing hoang tai chinh toan cau d
chau Phi De ddi phd tac dgng kinh te cua
khiing hoang tai chinh toan cau ddi vdi chau
Phi, AfDB da vach ra 4 sang kien sau:
- Tao ra Quy thanh khoan khan cap tri gia
1,5 ty USD;
- Dua ra Sang kien ling hg tai chinh de
thiic day thuong mai cua chau Phi vdi tong
tri gia dat 1 ty USD thugc Chuong trinh
thanh toan thuong mai toan cau (GTLP),
trong do giai doan 1 do cac ngan hang chau
Phi ddng gdp vdi khoan tin dung tri gia 500
trieu USD - day duac coi la khoan ddng gdp
Idn nhat cho tai chinh thuang mai ciia chau
Phi, va giai doan 2 do AfDB ddng gdp vdi
khoan dau tu tri gia 500 trieu USD nhIm
tang nguon vdn cua GTLP dac biet danh cho chau Phi,
- Xay dyng Phuang thde chuyen tien nhanh tir cac ngudn von phat trien chau Phi cho cac nudc chau Phi,
- Hd tra tu van chinh sach
Ben canh viec chii tri va ddng td chirc cac hgi nghi, hgi thao cap cao cua khu vyc va quoc te ve tac dgng cua khung hoang ddi vdi chau Phi, AfDB cdn kip thai thyc bien cac bien phap can thiet nhu cung cap tai chinh cho cac nudc chau Phi de bi tac dgng tir khiing hoang Chang ban, Tdng giam ddc AfDB - Donald Kaberuka cung cac quan chiic d p cao cua COMESA-EAC-SADC da den tham 2 md ddng cua Zambia la Luanshya
va Mufulira nam each thu do Zambia khoang 350km Do khung hoang, gia ddng tren the gidi giam manh huge hai md dong nay cua Zambia phai ddng ciia, khien khoang 9 nghin cdng nhan mat viec lam
Ngay 6/5/2009, AfDB da dong y ho trg
235 trieu USD cho 5 boat ddng cua cac nudc Sierra Leone, Kenya, DRC va Rwanda de khac phuc hau qua khung hoang ddi vdi cac nudc nay, trong dd AfDB da hd trg 15 trieu USD cho chuong trinh cai each quan ly kinh
te cua Seirra Leon,77 trieu USD cho hai boat dgng eua Kenya, cu the la 2,2 trieu USD cho ngan hang rep cua Kenya Ngan hang K-rep la ngan hang tai chinh vT mo dau tien d chau Phi nham cung cap dich vu tai chinh cho cae hg thu nhap thap d cac khu do thi ciing nhu d ndng thdn cua Kenya Ngan hang nay du kien den nam 2011 se tao ra khoang 10 nghin viec lam mdi va khoan vay
Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUIVG DOIVG so 04 (56) thang 04/2010 -ill
Trang 7Pham Thi Kim Hue Lien kit khu vi/cgiup chau Phi
dau tu tri gia 142 trieu USD Ngoai ra,
Kenya cdng duac AfDB cho vay de thyc
hien dy an xay dung dudng day dien 400kV
dai 450km noi giira Rabai va Isinya each
Nairobi khoang 60 km Dy an nay se giup
Kenya hien dai hda ca sd ha tang, phat trien
dat nudc
AfDB ciing da bd tra Cong hoa Dan chii
Congo (DRC) mot khoan tai chinh tri gia
97,18 trieu USD, giup nudc nay ed kha nang
thyc hien chuang trinh khan cap de doi phd
vdi tac dgng ciia khung hoang tai chinh, dac
biet la giup DRC dn djnh kinh te ciing nhu
duy tri hda binh va trat tu xa hgi Vai khoan
trg giup nay, hy vgng Ngan hang Trung
uong Congo cd the cung co nguon du trir
ngoai te, giup DRC cd kha nang mua hang
hda nhap khau, hoan thanh nhiem vy xda na
den cuoi nam 2009 cua mot nudc HIPC, hay
thyc hien ke hoach khac phye hau qua khung
hoang khan cap cua Tap doan dudng sat
quoc gia Congo trong nam 2009
AfDB da ho tra Rwanda 45,38 trieu USD
giup nude nay cd kha nang ddi phd vai
khiing hoang tai chinh toan cau va duy tri toe
do tang trudng kinh te trung binh 6%o tir nay
den nam 2012 de giam ty le ddi ngheo cua
Rwanda tir 56,1% nam 2006 xudng cdn 46%)
vao nam 2012
Ngay 2/6/2009, AfDB da cho Botswana
vay 1,5 ty USD trong vdng 17 nam de nuac
nay bu dap khoan tham but ngan sach ciia
chinh phii giai doan 2009/2010 chiem
khoang 13,5% GDP do gia kim cuong thi
gidi giam manh
Ngay 26/11/2009, AfDB giup Nam Phi
khac phuc khung hoang nang lugng bIng
viec ho trg 1,7 ty UA cho du an nang lugng Medupi nham phat trien nguon nang lugng khong nhirng cua Nam Phi ma ca khu vuc mem nam chau Phi
Ngay 16/12/2009, AfDB da ky thda thuan cho Ngan hang thong nhat vi chau Phi ciia Nigeria (UBA) khoan vay tri gia 150 trieu USD Day la khoan cho vay Idn nhat ciia AfBD gianh cho mot to chdc tai chinh tu nhan d chau Phi UBA la mot trong nhiing ngan hang Idn nhat cua Nigeria tinh ve gia tri tai san va la mot trong 4 ngan hang ciia Nigeria cd bang can doi tai san tuong doi lanh manh, du siic giup he thong ngan hang cua nude nay thoat khoi khiing hoang UBA
da va dang tien hanh kinh doanh d Kenya va
10 nudc chau Phi khac Vai khoan vay nay
se giiip UBA duy tri dong tin dung cho cac cong ty va dong thai bu dap khoan tham hut
do khung hoang tai chinh tac dgng
Cd the ndi rang sy ho trg kip thai khong chi ve chinh sach ma ca tai chinh cua AfDB doi vdi cac nudc chau Phi trong con hoan nan khung hoang tai chinh toan cau da phan nao giup cac nudc chau Phi giam thieu tac dgng cua cuoc khiing hoang va ed dieu kien thyc hien tiep cac dy an lien ket khu vuc ciing nhu cac chuong trinh phat trien dat
nudc Ben canh sy giup da ciia cac to chirc
quoc te nhu WB, IMF, va cac nha tai trg quoc te khac, thi sy lien ket, tuong trg lan nhau giiia cae nuac chau Phi theo cac thirc
ma AfDB da va dang thyc bien trong giai doan day khd khan nay doi vdi cac nudc chau Phi co the coi la bien phap thiet thue day hieu qua de giiip cac nuac chau Phi nuong tya vao nhau, vuc day thoat khdi khiing hoang
wm- Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PIII & TRUIVG DOIVG so 04 (56) thang 04/2010
Trang 8Li" Pham Thi Kim Hue
4 Nhan x e t
Ke tir sau khi gianh dugc doc lap, hau bet
tat ca cac nudc chau Phi deu coi trgng chu
nghTa khu vyc Hien nay, tai chau Phi, cac to
chirc khu vyc dugc thanh lap rat nhieu va
nhieu ban cac chau luc khac tren the gidi
Trong giai doan tir thap ky 60 den thap ky 80
ciia the ky XX, da cd ban 200 to chiic hgp
tac kinh te da nganh lien chinh phu va hon
120 td chiic song phuang va da quoc gia
dugc thanh lap d chau Phi Dang ndi nhat la
mot sd to chire hgp tac khu vyc quan trgng d
chau Phi nhu: Lien minb Maghreb Arap
(UMA - 1989), Thi trudng chung mien Ddng
va mien Tay Chau Phi (COMESA - 1994));
Cong dong cac nha nudc Sabel-Sahara
(CENSAD- 1998); Cong dong kinh te cac
nudc Trung Phi (ECCAS - 2007), Cong
ddng kinh te cac nude Tay Phi (ECOWAS
-1993); Co quan lien chinh phu vi phat trien
(IGAD - 1996), Cong dong phat trien mien
Nam Chau Phi (SADC - 2000), Cong dong
kinh te va tien te cua Trung Phi (CEMAC
-1999), Cong dong Dong Phi (EAC - 2000),
Lien minh thue quan mien Nam Chau Phi
(SACU - 2004), Lien minb kinh tl va tien te
Tay Phi (UEMOA 1994), Lien minh Chau
Phi (AU - 2001) va Doi tac phat trien mdi vi
chau Phi (NEPAD-2001)
Song tren thue te, sy hgp tac giiia cac
nudc trong cac td chirc khu vuc d chau Phi
cdn nhieu ban che, chua mang lai nhieu Igi
ich cho cac nuac thanh vien Chang ban,
xuat khau gma cac nudc trong khdi
COMESA trong giai doan 2004-2006 trung
binh dat 3 ty USD chi chiem 5%o tong gia tri
xuat khau cua khdi Ciing trong giai doan
nay, xuat khau giiia cac nudc trong khdi ECOWAS dat 5,4 ty USD tmng binh nam va chi chiem khoang 9,4%) tong gia tri xuat khau toan khdi Mot khu vyc dugc coi la cd trien vgng kinh te sang sua nhu SADC thi trong giai doan 2004 - 2006, gia tri xuat khau trong khdi trung binh nam cung chi d mirc dudi 11 ty USD chiem khoang 12%o tdng gia tri toan khdi Cd the ndi rang cac nudc chau Phi mdi chi chu trgng thue day thuong mai vdi cac ddi tac ngoai khu vuc, chua quan tam den cac ddi tac trong khu vyc Do do, khi khung hoang xay ra, cac ddi tac thuong mai Idn cua chau Phi nhu My, EU bi tac dgng tieu cue dan den can can thuong mai ciia chau Phi ciing bi anh hudng theo
Khdng chi thuong mai cua chau Phi bi anh hudng xau tir cuoc khiing hoang ma ddng FDI cua chau Phi ciing bi giam sut nghiem trgng he luy tir viec rut von cua cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai d chau Phi Trong giai doan tir nam 2003 -2007, ty le ddng FDI tir cac nudc phat trien do vao chau Phi chiem
khoang 19,6%, nhung do khiing hoang, cac
nha dau tu nudc ngoai gap khd khan tai chinh quoc nen bg da rut von hoae dirng dau
tu tai chau Phi Chinh vi vay, FDI vao chau Phi nam 2009 bi giam manh so vdi ciing ky nam ngoai
Ro rang trong boi canh khiing hoang nhu nam 2009, sy phu thugc, "ha mieng chd sung" tir cac nha tai tra, cac td chuc quoc tl cua chau Phi khdng cdn la lieu phap thich hgp Tuc ngir cd cau "Nudc xa khdng ciiu duac lua gan" da den luc cac nudc chau Phi phai cung nhau chung sire, lien ket vdi
Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PIII & TRUIVG DOIVG so 04 (56) thang 04/2010 - l «
Trang 9Pham Thi Kim Hue Lien ket knu vuc giup cnau rm
nhau de doi pho vai khiing hoang tai chinh tac giiia cac nuac chau Phi de doi pho vai
toan cau ndi rieng va ty giai quyet cac van de nhirng khung hoang nhu da n6i a tren da cho
ciia khu vyc ndi chung Cac boat dgng hgp thay nhan thiic va quyet tam do ciia chau Phi
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Do Diic Dinh, Nguyen Thanh Hien (chii bien), Chdu Phi vd Trung Dong nam 2008: Nhirng vdn di
vd su ben ndi bat, NXB KHXH, 2009,
2 Thdng tan xa Viet Nam, Khung hodng kinh te todn cdu tdc dong ngdy cdng nghiem trgng den Chdu
Phi, Tin Kmh te 02/03/2009,
3 Thong tan xa Viet Nam, Chdu Phi - diem ddu tu hiru hen trong thai suy thodi Tin kinh te
16/06/2009, '••••'
4 Thong tan xa Viet Nam, Chdu Phi vdn la diem ddu tu an todn trong boi cdnh khiing hodng hien nay,
Tm kinh te ngay 19/06/2009,
5 Moses Amweelo, Africa: Current Economic Crisis in Africa- Solutions, 24 April 2009,
6 African Development Bank, Africa and the Global Economic Crisis: Strategies for Preserving the
Foundations of Long-term Growth, The 2009 Annual Meetings of the African Development Bank, May
13-14 2009, Dakar, Senegal,
7 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Measuring the Pulse of Africa in Times
of Crisis, Policy Brief May 2009, ;
8 Augusdn Fosu and Wim Naude, Discussion Paper No.2009/03, The Global Economic Crisis:
Toward Syndrome-Free Recovery for Africa, United Nations University, June 2009
9 Third World Network, Africa: Deeper Regional Integration Needed in Response to Crisis, TWN
Infor Service on WTO and Trade Issues, July 2009,
10 Coalition For Dialogue in Africa (CoDA), 28-29 November 2009, Tunis, Tunisia
11 African Development Bank Group, The Financial Crisis, Trade and Regional Integration in
Africa, Concept Note, African Development Bank Annual Meetings 2009, ,
12 United Nations, Economic Development in Africa Report 2009: Strengthening Regional Economic
Integration for Africa Development, UN's Conference in Trade and Development, 2009
i H Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PIII & TRUIVG DONG so 04 (56) thang 04/2010