CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate_ Study Guide

Cisco’s Network Support Certifications Cisco has created new certifications that will help you get the coveted CCIE, as well as aid prospective employers in measuring skill levels.. Cisc

CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate

Study Guide

CCNA ™

Cisco ® Certified Network Associate

Study Guide

Second Edition

Todd Lammle

Associate Publisher: Neil Edde

Contracts and Licensing Manager: Kristine O’Callaghan

Acquisitions & Developmental Editor: Linda Lee

Editors: Susan Berge, Sally Engelfried, Rebecca Rider, and Marilyn Smith

Production Editor: Lisa Duran

Technical Editors: Patrick Ramseier and Eric Gunnett

Book Designer: Bill Gibson

Graphic Illustrator: Tony Jonick

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Proofreaders: Molly Glover, Jennifer Campbell, Laurie O’Connell, and Camera Obscura

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SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are trademarks of SYBEX Inc in the USA and other countries.

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This study guide and/or material is not sponsored by, endorsed by or affiliated with Cisco Systems, Inc Catalyst®, Cisco®, Cisco Systems®, Cisco® IOS, Cisco Systems Networkng Academy™, CCDA™, CCNA™, CCDP™, CCNP™, CCIE™, CCSI™, the Cisco Systems logo and the CCIE logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc in the United States and certain other countries All other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners.

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copy-pro-This book is dedicated to all the Cisco Academy instructors, the unsung heroes

of the training industry They work very hard, are extremely dedicated, and make little money teaching Their reward is the students progressing, learning, and becoming all they can be I salute you

Creating the Acknowledgments is the most difficult part of the writing process Without the help and support of many different individuals, this book, or any other book for that matter, would never be written So, how can someone actually take a few paragraphs and thank and acknowl-edge everyone involved? I will give it a try anyway

book-The person I want to thank and acknowledge first is Linda Lee She is an incredible developmental editor and really helped me develop this book’s outline I am very happy that she was involved in the process She worked hard on this book, and the reader now gets to reap the rewards of her labor Neil Edde is always a shoo-in for appearing in the acknowledgments of all my books Without Neil, I would not have written the first CCNA book,

or even my first Sybex book He was my first developmental editor, and Linda needs to thank him for working out most of my kinks before he pushed me over to her

Susan Berge and Lisa Duran did a great job of keeping up with the ule and worked very hard with me to get this book shipped on time For that,

sched-I thank them Kudos to Patrick Ramseier and Eric Gunnett, who did a ulous job of reviewing each chapter for technical accuracy Thanks also to Sally Engelfried, Marilyn Smith, and Rebecca Rider for assisting with the editing of the chapters, and to Molly Glover, Jennifer Campbell, Laurie O’Connell, and Camera Obscura for proofreading the book In addition, Maureen Forys deserves a thank you for putting the finishing touches on the book And I don’t want to forget Tony Jonick He is the artist who had to put

fab-up with my changing the figures in this book over and over again He is very patient and does a fantastic job

Welcome to the exciting world of Cisco certification! You have picked up this book because you want something better; namely, a better job with more satisfaction Rest assured that you have made a good decision Cisco certification can help you get your first networking job, or more money and a promotion if you are already in the field

Cisco certification can also improve your understanding of the working of more than just Cisco products: You will develop a complete understanding of networking and how different network topologies work together to form a network This is beneficial to every networking job and is the reason Cisco certification is in such high demand, even at companies with few Cisco devices

Cisco is the king of routing and switching, the Microsoft of the working world The new Cisco certifications reach beyond the popular certifications, such as the MCSE and CNE, to provide you with an indispens-able factor in understanding today’s network—insight into the Cisco world

internet-of internetworking By deciding that you want to become Cisco certified, you are saying that you want to be the best—the best at routing and the best

at switching This book can lead you in that direction

Cisco—A Brief History

A lot of readers may already be familiar with Cisco and what they do ever, those of you who are new to the field, just coming in fresh from your MCSE, and those of you who maybe have 10 or more years in the field but wish to brush up on the new technology may appreciate a little background

How-on Cisco

In the early 1980s, Len and Sandy Bosack, a married couple who worked

in different computer departments at Stanford University, were having trouble getting their individual systems to communicate (like many married people) So in their living room they created a gateway server that made it easier for their disparate computers in two different departments to commu-nicate using the IP protocol In 1984, they founded cisco Systems (notice the small c) with a small commercial gateway server product that changed net-working forever Some people think the name was intended to be San Fran-cisco Systems but the paper got ripped on the way to the incorporation

Gate-In 1993, Cisco came out with the amazing 4000 router and then created the even more amazing 7000, 2000, and 3000 series routers These are still around and evolving (almost daily, it seems).

Cisco has since become an unrivaled worldwide leader in networking for the Internet Its networking solutions can easily connect users who work from diverse devices on disparate networks Cisco products make it simple for people to access and transfer information without regard to differences

in time, place, or platform

In the big picture, Cisco provides end-to-end networking solutions that customers can use to build an efficient, unified information infrastructure

of their own or to connect to someone else’s This is an important piece in the Internet/networking–industry puzzle because a common architecture that delivers consistent network services to all users is now a functional imperative Because Cisco Systems offers such a broad range of networking and Internet services and capabilities, users needing regular access to their local network or the Internet can do so unhindered, making Cisco’s wares indispensable

Cisco answers this need with a wide range of hardware products that form information networks using the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) software This software provides network services, paving the way for networked technical support and professional services to maintain and opti-mize all network operations

Along with the Cisco IOS, one of the services Cisco created to help port the vast amount of hardware it has engineered is the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) program, which was designed specifically to equip people to effectively manage the vast quantity of installed Cisco net-works The business plan is simple: If you want to sell more Cisco equipment and have more Cisco networks installed, ensure that the networks you install run properly

sup-However, having a fabulous product line isn’t all it takes to guarantee the huge success that Cisco enjoys—lots of companies with great products are now defunct If you have complicated products designed to solve compli-

Introduction xxv

installing, managing, and troubleshooting them That part isn’t easy, so Cisco began the CCIE program to equip people to support these complicated networks This program, known colloquially as the Doctorate of Network-ing, has also been very successful, primarily due to its extreme difficulty Cisco continuously monitors the program, changing it as it sees fit, to make sure that it remains pertinent and accurately reflects the demands of today’s internetworking business environments

Building upon the highly successful CCIE program, Cisco Career cations permit you to become certified at various levels of technical profi-ciency, spanning the disciplines of network design and support So, whether you’re beginning a career, changing careers, securing your present position,

Certifi-or seeking to refine and promote your position, this is the book fCertifi-or you!

Cisco’s Network Support Certifications

Cisco has created new certifications that will help you get the coveted CCIE,

as well as aid prospective employers in measuring skill levels Before these new certifications, you took only one test and were then faced with the lab, which made it difficult to succeed With these new certifications, which add

a better approach to preparing for that almighty lab, Cisco has opened doors that few were allowed through before So, what are these new certifications and how do they help you get your CCIE?

Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) 2

The CCNA certification is the first in the new line of Cisco certifications, and

it is a precursor to all current Cisco certifications With the new certification programs, Cisco has created a type of stepping-stone approach to CCIE cer-tification Now, you can become a Cisco Certified Network Associate for the meager cost of thisbook, plus $100 for the test And you don’t have to stop there—you can choose to continue with your studies and achieve a higher certification, called the Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) Someone with a CCNP has all the skills and knowledge he or she needs to attempt the CCIE lab However, because no textbook can take the place of practical experience, we’ll discuss what else you need to be ready for the CCIE lab shortly

xxvi Introduction

Why Become a CCNA?

Cisco, not unlike Microsoft or Novell, has created the certification process

to give administrators a set of skills and to equip prospective employers with

a way to measure skills or match certain criteria Becoming a CCNA can be the initial step of a successful journey toward a new, highly rewarding, and sustainable career

The CCNA program was created to provide a solid introduction not only

to the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) and Cisco hardware, but also to internetworking in general, making it helpful to you in areas that are not exclusively Cisco’s At this point in the certification process, it’s not unrealistic to imagine that future network managers—even those without Cisco equipment—could easily require Cisco certifications for their job applicants

If you make it through the CCNA and are still interested in Cisco and internetworking, you’re headed down a path to certain success

What Skills Do You Need to Become a CCNA?

To meet the CCNA certification skill level, you must be able to understand

Install and/or configure a network

Optimize WAN through Internet-access solutions that reduce width and WAN costs, using features such as filtering with access lists, bandwidth on demand (BOD), and dial-on-demand routing (DDR)

band-
Provide remote access by integrating dial-up connectivity with tional, remote LAN-to-LAN access, as well as supporting the higher levels of performance required for new applications such as Internet commerce, multimedia, etc

tradi-How Do You Become a CCNA?

The first step to becoming a CCNA is to pass one little test and—poof!—you’re a CCNA (Don’t you wish it were that easy?) True, it’s just one test,

expe-One way to get the hands-on router experience you’ll need in the real world is to attend one of the seminars offered by Globalnet Training Solu-tions, Inc., which is owned and run by me The seminars are six days long and will teach you everything you need to become a CCNA and even a CCNP Each student gets hands-on experience by configuring at least two routers and a switch See www.lammle.com for more information

In addition, Cyberstate University provides hands-on Cisco router courses over the Internet using the Sybex Cisco Certification series books

Go to www.cyberstateu.com for more information And Keystone ing Systems (www.klscorp.com) offers the popular Cisco video certification series featuring me

Learn-If you are new to networking, you should take a look at CCNA JumpStart

by Patrick Ciccarelli and Christina Faulkner (Sybex, 1999) This book will give you the background necessary before jumping into more advanced net-working with Cisco routers

Check out this book’s CD for a demo of the Sybex CCNA Virtual Lab trainer, which can give you hands-on experience working with both routers and switches You can also check out www.routersim.com for another router simulator

e-In addition to this book, there are other useful ways to supplement your ies for the CCNA exam CiscoTests ( http://www.networkstudyguides.com ) offers an online study guide with sample questions and information about the most current release of the CCNA, CCNP, and CCIE exams

stud-For the best practice Cisco exam questions on the market, try www.boson.com

xxviii Introduction

Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)

Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP), Cisco’s new certification, has opened up many opportunities for those individuals wishing to become Cisco-certified but lacking the training, the expertise, or the bucks to pass the notorious and often failed two-day Cisco torture lab The new Cisco certifi-cations will truly provide exciting new opportunities for the CNE and MCSE who are unsure of how to advance to a higher level

So, you’re thinking, “Great, what do I do after passing the CCNA exam?” Well, if you want to become a CCIE in Routing and Switching (the most pop-ular certification), understand that there’s more than one path to that much-coveted CCIE certification The first way is to continue studying and become

a Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP), which means four more tests, in addition to the CCNA certification

The CCNP program will prepare you to understand and comprehensively tackle the internetworking issues of today and beyond—and it is not limited

to the Cisco world You will undergo an immense metamorphosis, vastly increasing your knowledge and skills through the process of obtaining these certifications

While you don’t need to be a CCNP or even a CCNA to take the CCIE lab, it’s extremely helpful if you already have these certifications

What Skills Do You Need to Become a CCNP?

Cisco demands a certain level of proficiency for its CCNP certification In addition to mastering the skills required for the CCNA, you should have the following skills for the CCNP:

Installing, configuring, operating, and troubleshooting complex routed LAN, routed WAN, and switched LAN networks, along with dial-access services

Understanding complex networks, such as IP, IGRP, IPX, async ing, AppleTalk, extended access lists, IP RIP, route redistribution, IPX RIP, route summarization, OSPF, VLSM, BGP, serial, IGRP, Frame Relay, ISDN, ISL, X.25, DDR, PSTN, PPP, VLANs, Ethernet, ATM LANE–emulation, access lists, 802.10, FDDI, and transparent and translational bridging

Improve network security.

Create a global intranet

Provide access security to campus switches and routers

Provide increased switching and routing bandwidth—end-to-end resiliency services

Provide custom queuing and routed priority services

How Do You Become a CCNP?

After becoming a CCNA, the four exams you must take to get your CCNP are as follows:

Exam 640-503: Routing This exam continues to build on the mentals learned in the CCNA course It focuses on large multiprotocol internetworks and how to manage them with access lists, queuing, tun-neling, route distribution, route maps, BGP, EIGRP, OSPF, and route summarization

funda-Exam 640-504: Switching This exam tests your knowledge of the 1900 and 5000 series of Catalyst switches The CCNP: Switching Study Guide

(Sybex, summer 2000) covers all the objectives you need to understand to pass the Switching exam

Exam 640-506: Support This tests you on the Cisco troubleshooting skills needed for Ethernet and Token Ring LANs, IP, IPX, and AppleTalk networks, as well as ISDN, PPP, and Frame Relay networks

Exam 640-505: Remote Access This exam tests your knowledge of installing, configuring, monitoring, and troubleshooting Cisco ISDN and dial-up access products You must understand PPP, ISDN, Frame Relay, and authentication The CCNP: Remote Access Study Guide (Sybex, summer 2000) covers all the exam objectives

xxx Introduction

If you hate tests, you can take fewer of them by signing up for the CCNA exam and the Support exam and then taking just one more long exam called the Foundation R/S exam (640-509) Doing this also gives you your CCNP—but beware; it’s a really long test that fuses all the material listed previously into one exam Good luck! However, by taking this exam, you get three tests for the price of two, which saves you $100 (if you pass) Some people think it’s easier to take the Foundation R/S exam because you can leverage the areas that you would score higher in against the areas in which you wouldn’t.

Remember that test objectives and tests can change at any time without notice Always check the Cisco Web site for the most up-to-date information ( www.cisco.com ).

Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE)

You’ve become a CCNP, and now you fix your sights on getting your Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert CCIE in Routing and Switching—what do you do next? Cisco recommends that before you take the lab, you take test 640-025: Cisco Internetwork Design (CID) and the Cisco-authorized course called Installing and Maintaining Cisco Routers (IMCR) By the way, no Prometric test for IMCR exists at the time of this writing, and Cisco recom-mends a minimum of two years of on-the-job experience before taking the CCIE lab After jumping those hurdles, you then have to pass the CCIE-R/S Exam Qualification (exam 350-001) before taking the actual lab

How Do You Become a CCIE?

To become a CCIE, Cisco recommends you do the following:

1. Attend all the recommended courses at an authorized Cisco training center and pony up around $15,000–$20,000, depending on your cor-porate discount

2. Pass the Drake/Prometric exam ($200 per exam—so hopefully, you’ll pass it the first time)

3. Pass the two-day, hands-on lab at Cisco This costs $1,000 per lab,

Introduction xxxi

through!) Also, because you can take the exam only in San Jose, ifornia; Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Sydney, Australia; Halifax, Nova Scotia; Tokyo, Japan; or Brussels, Belgium, you might just need to add travel costs to that $1,000 Cisco has added new sites lately for the CCIE lab; it is best to check the Cisco Web site for the most current information

Cal-What Skills Do You Need to Become a CCIE?

The CCIE Routing and Switching exam includes the advanced technical skills that are required to maintain optimum network performance and reliability,

as well as advanced skills in supporting diverse networks that use disparate technologies CCIEs just don’t have problems getting jobs; these experts are basically inundated with offers to work for six-figure salaries But that’s because it isn’t easy to attain the level of capability that is mandatory for Cisco’s CCIE For example, a CCIE has the following skills down pat:

Installing, configuring, operating, and troubleshooting complex routed LAN, routed WAN, switched LAN, and ATM LANE

networks, and dial-access services

Diagnosing and resolving network faults

Using packet/frame analysis and Cisco debugging tools

Documenting and reporting the problem-solving processes used

Having general LAN/WAN knowledge, including data encapsulation and layering; windowing and flow control, and their relation to delay; error detection and recovery; link-state, distance vector, and switching algorithms; management, monitoring, and fault isolation

Having knowledge of a variety of corporate technologies—including major services provided by Desktop, WAN, and Internet groups—as well as the functions; addressing structures; and routing, switching, and bridging implications of each of their protocols

Having knowledge of Cisco-specific technologies, including router/switch platforms, architectures, and applications; communication servers; protocol translation and applications; configuration com-mands and system/network impact; and LAN/WAN interfaces, capa-bilities, and applications

Designing, configuring, installing, and verifying voice-over-IP and

xxxii Introduction

Cisco’s Network Design Certifications

In addition to the network support certifications, Cisco has created another certification track for network designers The two certifications within this track are the Cisco Certified Design Associate and Cisco Certified Design Professional certifications If you’re reaching for the CCIE stars, we highly recommend the CCNP and CCDP certifications before attempting the lab (or attempting to advance your career)

This certification will give you the knowledge to design routed LAN, routed WAN, and switched LAN and ATM LANE networks

Cisco Certified Design Associate (CCDA)

To become a CCDA, you must pass the DCN (Designing Cisco Networks) exam (640-441) To pass this test, you must understand how to do the following:

Design simple routed LAN, routed WAN, and switched LAN and ATM LANE networks

Use Network-layer addressing

Filter with access lists

Use and propagate VLAN

Size networks

The Sybex CCDA: Cisco Certified Design Associate Study Guide (1999) is the most cost-effective way to study for and pass your CCDA exam.

Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP)

If you’re already a CCNP and want to get your CCDP, you can simply take the CID 640-025 test If you’re not yet a CCNP, however, you must take the CCDA, CCNA, Routing, Switching, Remote Access, and CID exams

CCDP certification skills include the following:

Designing complex routed LAN, routed WAN, and switched LAN and ATM LANE networks

Building upon the base level of the CCDA technical knowledge

Introduction xxxiii

CCDPs must also demonstrate proficiency in the following:

Network-layer addressing in a hierarchical environment

Traffic management with access lists

Hierarchical network design

VLAN use and propagation

Performance considerations: required hardware and software; ing engines; memory, cost, and minimization

switch-What Does This Book Cover?

This book covers everything you need to know in order to become CCNA certified However, taking the time to study and practice with routers or a router simulator is the real key to success

The information you will learn in this book, and need to know for the CCNA exam, is listed in the following bullet points:

Chapter 1 introduces you to internetworking You will learn the basics of the Open Systems Interconnection the way Cisco wants you

to learn it Also, the Cisco three-layer hierarchical model will be cussed, along with how to choose Cisco equipment based on this model Ethernet networking and standards are discussed in detail in this chapter as well

dis-
Chapter 2 gives you a background on layer-2 switching and how switches perform address learning and make forwarding and filtering decisions Network loops and how to avoid them with the Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) will be discussed, as well as the different LAN switch types used by Cisco switches

Chapter 3 provides you with the background necessary for success

on the exam as well as in the real world by discussing TCP/IP This in-depth chapter covers the very beginnings of the Internet Protocol stack and then goes all the way to IP addressing and subnetting If you read this chapter carefully, you will be able to subnet a network in your head!

Chapter 4 introduces you to the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) In this chapter you will learn how to turn on a router and

configure the basics of the IOS, including setting passwords, banners, and more IP configuration will be discussed and a hands-on lab will help you gain a firm grasp of the concepts taught in the chapter

Chapter 5 teaches you about IP routing This is a fun chapter, because you will begin to build your network, add IP addresses, and route data between routers You will also learn about static, default, and dynamic routing in this chapter Written and hands-on labs will help you understand IP routing to the fullest

Chapter 6 covers Virtual LANs and how you can use them in your internetwork This chapter also covers the nitty-gritty of VLANs and the different concepts and protocols used with VLANs Written labs and review questions will reinforce the VLAN material

Chapter 7 provides you with the management skills needed to run a Cisco ISO network Backing up and restoring the IOS, as well as router configuration, is covered, as are troubleshooting tools neces-sary to keep a network up and running

Chapter 8 introduces you to the wonderful world of Novell IPX Since IPX is still around, Cisco thinks it is important to understand IPX routing Actually, after IP routing, IPX is a breeze Both written and hands-on labs, along with review questions, will give you the under-standing of IPX you need to pass the CCNA exam

Chapter 9 covers access lists, which are created on routers to filter the network Both IP and IPX access lists are covered in detail Written and hands-on labs, along with review questions, will help you study for the access-list portion of the CCNA exam

Chapter 10 concentrates on Cisco Wide Area Network protocols This chapter covers HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, and ISDN in depth You must

be proficient in all these protocols to be successful on the CCNA exam

Appendix A is a practice exam If you think you are ready for the CCNA exam, see if you can get by my practice exam A second prac-tice exam is located on the CD as well

Appendix B discusses configuring a Catalyst 1900 switch The CCNA exam is mostly theory on layer-2 switching; however, reading the appendix, working through the written and hands-on labs, and

Introduction xxxv

answering the review questions should prepare you well for the CCNA exam

Appendix C lists all the Cisco IOS commands used in this book It is

a great reference if you need to look up what a certain command does and is used for

The Glossary is a handy resource for Cisco terms This is a great tool for understanding some of the more obscure terms used in this book

Where Do You Take the Exams?

You may take the exams at any of the more than 800 Sylvan Prometric Authorized Testing Centers around the world For the location of a testing center near you, call (800) 755-3926 Outside the United States and Canada, contact your local Sylvan Prometric Registration Center

To register for a Cisco Certified Network Professional exam:

1. Determine the number of the exam you want to take (The CCNA exam number is 640-507.)

2. Register with the nearest Sylvan Prometric Registration Center At this point, you will be asked to pay in advance for the exam At the time

of this writing, the exams are $100 each and must be taken within one year of payment You can schedule exams up to six weeks in advance

or as soon as one working day prior to the day you wish to take it If something comes up and you need to cancel or reschedule your exam appointment, contact Sylvan Prometric at least 24 hours in advance Same-day registration isn’t available for the Cisco tests

3. When you schedule the exam, you’ll get instructions regarding all appointment and cancellation procedures, the ID requirements, and information about the testing-center location

Tips for Taking Your CCNA Exam

The CCNA test contains about 70 questions to be completed in 90 minutes You must schedule a test at least 24 hours in advance (unlike the Novell or Microsoft exams), and you aren’t allowed to take more than one Cisco exam per day

Many questions on the exam have answer choices that at first glance look identical—especially the syntax questions! Remember to read through the choices carefully because close doesn’t cut it If you get commands in the wrong order or forget one measly character, you’ll get the question wrong

So, to practice, do the hands-on exercises at the end of the chapters over and over again until they feel natural to you

Unlike Microsoft or Novell tests, the exam has answer choices that are syntactically similar—though some syntax is dead wrong, it is usually just

subtly wrong Some other choices may be syntactically correct, but they’re

shown in the wrong order Cisco does split hairs, and they’re not at all averse

to giving you classic trick questions Here’s an example:

access-list 101 deny ip any eq 23 denies Telnet access to all systems.This question looks correct because most people refer to the port number (23) and think, “Yes, that’s the port used for Telnet.” The catch is that you can’t filter

IP on port numbers (only TCP and UDP)

Also, never forget that the right answer is the Cisco answer In many

cases, more than one appropriate answer is presented, but the correct answer

is the one that Cisco recommends

Here are some general tips for exam success:

Arrive early at the exam center, so you can relax and review your study materials

Read the questions carefully Don’t jump to conclusions Make sure you’re clear about exactly what each question asks.

When answering multiple-choice questions that you’re not sure about, use the process of elimination to get rid of the obviously incorrect answers first Doing this greatly improves your odds if you need to make an educated guess

You can no longer move forward and backward through the Cisco exams, so double-check your answer before pressing Next since you can’t change your mind

After you complete an exam, you’ll get immediate, online notification

of your pass or fail status, a printed Examination Score Report that indicates your pass or fail status, and your exam results by section (The test admin-istrator will give you the printed score report.) Test scores are automatically

don’t need to send your score to them If you pass the exam, you’ll receive confirmation from Cisco, typically within two to four weeks.

How to Use This Book

This book can provide a solid foundation for the serious effort of preparing for the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) exam To best benefit from this book, use the following study method:

1. Take the assessment test immediately following this introduction (The answers are at the end of the test.) Carefully read over the expla-nations for any question you get wrong and note which chapters the material comes from This information should help you plan your study strategy

2. Study each chapter carefully, making sure that you fully understand the information and the test topics listed at the beginning of each chapter Pay extra-close attention to any chapter where you missed questions in the assessment test

3. Complete all hands-on exercises in the chapter, referring to the ter so that you understand the reason for each step you take If you do not have Cisco equipment available, be sure to study the examples carefully Also, check www.routersim.com for a router simulator

chap-4. Answer the review questions related to that chapter (The answers appear at the end of the chapter.) Note the questions that confuse you and study those sections of the book again

5. Take the practice exam in Appendix A The answers appear at the end

of the exam

6. Try your hand at the bonus practice exam that is included on the CD that comes with this book The questions in this exam appear only on the CD This will give you a complete overview of what you can expect

to see on the real thing

7. Remember to use the products on the CD included with this book The electronic flashcards, the Boson Software utilities, and the EdgeTest exam preparation software have all been specifically chosen to help you study for and pass your exam You can also study on the road

with the CCNA Study Guide electronic book in PDF format

The electronic flashcards can be used on your Windows computer or on your Palm device.

8. Make sure you read the “Key Terms” and “Commands in This ter” lists at the end of the chapters Appendix C is a copy of all com-mands used in the book, including explanations for each command

Chap-To learn all the material covered in this book, you’ll have to apply self regularly and with discipline Try to set aside the same time period every day to study, and select a comfortable and quiet place to do so If you work hard, you will be surprised at how quickly you learn this material All the best!

your-What’s on the CD?

We worked hard to provide some really great tools to help you with your tification process All of the following tools should be loaded on your work-station when studying for the test

cer-The EdgeTest Test Preparation Software

The test preparation software, provided by EdgeTek Learning Systems, pares you to pass the CCNA exam In this test engine you will find all the questions from the book, plus an additional bonus practice exam that appears exclusively on the CD You can take the assessment test, test your-self by chapter, take the practice exam that appears in the book or on the

pre-CD, or take a randomly generated exam comprising all the questions

To find more test-simulation software for all Cisco and NT exams, look for the exam link on www.lammle.com and www.boson.com.

Electronic Flashcards for PC and Palm Devices

To prepare for the exam, you can read this book, study the review questions

at the end of each chapter, and work through the practice exams included

in the book and on the CD But wait, there’s more! Test yourself with

questions and understand the answers, you’ll know you’re ready for the CCNA exam

The flashcards include over 200 questions specifically written to hit you hard and make sure you are ready for the exam Between the review ques-tions, practice exams, and flashcards, you’ll be more than prepared for the exam

CCNA Study Guide in PDF

Sybex offers the CCNA Study Guide in PDF format on the CD so you can

read the book on your PC or laptop This will be helpful to readers who travel and don’t want to carry a book, as well as to readers who prefer to read from their computer (Acrobat Reader 4 is also included on the CD.)

Dictionary of Networking in PDF

As a bonus, you get a second complete book—the Sybex Dictionary of

Net-working, by Peter Dyson—on the CD included with this book Like the

elec-tronic version of the CCNA Study Guide, the fully searchable Dictionary of

Networking is in PDF for ease of use You will also find Adobe Acrobat 4

with Search on the CD to access the PDF book This dictionary will help you understand terms found in this book or networking terms found in any book for that matter

Boson Software Utilities

Boson.com is an impressive company: They provide many free services to help you, the student Boson.com has the best Cisco exam preparation ques-tions on the market at a very nice price On this book’s CD, they have pro-vided the following:

CCNA Virtual Lab AVI Demo Files

The CCNA Virtual Lab e-trainer provides a router and switch simulator to

help you gain hands-on experience without having to buy expensive Cisco gear The AVI demo files on the CD will help you gain an understanding of the product features and the labs that the routers and switches can perform

Read more about the CCNA Virtual Lab e-trainer at http://www.sybex

.com/cgi-bin/rd_bookpg.pl?2728back.html You can upgrade this product at www.routersim.com

How to Contact the Author

You can reach Todd Lammle through Globalnet System Solutions, Inc (www.lammle.com)—his training and systems integration company in Colo-rado—or e-mail him at todd@lammle.com

Assessment Questions xli

3. What is a TE2 device used for in an ISDN connection?

A. Connecting an NT2 device to a U reference point

B. Connecting an S/T interface to a U reference point

C. Connecting a non-ISDN terminal to ISDN through a TA

D. Connecting to ISDN through a four-wire, twisted-pair digital link

4. What is the correct command to set the router identification to the name Atlanta, which an administrator would see when connecting with Telnet or through the console?

A. Description Atlanta Router

B. Banner Motd $

C. Hostname Atlanta

D. Host name Atlanta

xlii Assessment Questions

5. PDUs at the Data Link layer are named what?

Serial0 is up, line protocol is down

A. The keepalives could be set wrong between the point-to-point links

B. No cable is attached to the interface

C. The administrator needs to issue a no shutdown request to the interface

Assessment Questions xliii

9. Which of the following commands will show you the IPX address of

an interface? (Choose all that apply.)

A. show ipx address int e0

B. show protocol

C. show ipx protocol

D. show ipx interface

10. How do you create a default route?

A. By using all 1s in place of the network and mask

B. By defining a static route and using all 0s in place of the network and mask

C. By using 255 in place of the network and mask

D. Login <name, password>

11. What is a trunked link?

A. A link that is only part of one VLAN and is referred to as the native VLAN of the port

B. A link that can carry multiple VLANs

C. A switch port connected to the Internet

D. Data and voice capability on the same interface

12. Which protocol is used to look up an IP address from a known net address?

Ether-A. IP

B. ARP

C. RARP

D. TCP

xliv Assessment Questions

13. What is the broadcast address of the subnet address 192.168.99.20 255.255.255.252?

A. Forwards the switch to the first available link

B. Drops the frame

C. Floods the network with the frame looking for the device

D. Sends back a message to the originating station asking for a name resolution

16. Which command would you use to see the IPX RIP packets being sent and received on an interface?

A. show ip rip

B. sh ipx int

C. debug ipx routing activity

D. debug ipx interface

18. What is an access link?

A. A link that is only part of one VLAN and is referred to as the native

VLAN of the port

B. A link that can carry multiple VLANs

C. A switch port connected to the Internet

D. Data and voice capability on the same interface

19. Which of the following is true? (Choose all that apply.)

A. PPP can be used with Token Ring

B. PPP can be used with synchronous serial links

C. PPP can be used with asynchronous serial links

D. PPP is proprietary to each vendor’s equipment

20. What command can you use to back up the Cisco router configuration

21. Which of the following are provided by the show cdp entry * mand? (Choose all that apply.)

com-A. IP address of the neighbor router

K. Speed of the link

22. Which of the following would you not implement at the distribution layer?

23. Which LAN switch methods have a fixed latency time? (Choose all that apply.)

25. If you wanted to find out all the commands that start with “cl” from

a certain prompt, what would you type at that particular prompt?

A. Show commands cl

B. Cl ?

C. Cl?

D. Cl ? more

26. What does a VLAN do?

A. Breaks up collision domains

B. Breaks up routing domains

C. Breaks up broadcast domains

D. Provides fragmentation segmentation

27. Which of the following will you find in a routing table? (Choose all that apply.)

29. What does an administrative distance of 0 mean?

A. 0 is the default administrative distance for dynamic routing

B. 0 is the default administrative distance for directly connected routes

C. There is no routing allowed on this router

D. There are 0 hops to the next destination

30. Which of the following is a valid IP extended access list?

A. access-list 110 permit ip any host 1.1.1.1 eq ftp

B. access-list 10 permit tcp ip any any eq 21

C. access-list 99 permit udp any host 2.2.2.2 eq ip

D. access-list 199 permit tcp any 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 eq 21

31. What is true regarding the blocking state of an STP switch port? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Blocking ports do not forward any frames

B. Blocking ports listen for BPDUs

C. Blocking ports forward all frames

D. Blocking ports do not listen for BPDUs

32. What is the default LAN switch type for the 1900 switch?

A. FastForward

B. Cut-through

C. LAN switch type 1

D. FragmentFree

E. Store and forward

33. Which of the following is true about the enable passwords? (Choose all that apply.)

A. The enable password is encrypted by default

B. The enable secret is encrypted by default

C. The enable-encrypted password should be set first

D. The enable password supersedes the enable secret

E. The enable secret password supersedes the enable password

F. The enable-encrypted password supersedes all other passwords

34. What is the default administrative distance of RIP?

A. 1

B. 100

C. 120

D. 150

35. If you are typing commands and receive the following message, what

is wrong and how do you fix it? (Choose all that apply.)

Router#clock set 10:30:10

% Incomplete command

A. The IOS doesn’t support a clock on this router

B. The command string is not done

C. Press the up arrow key and type a question mark

D. Press the down arrow key and the Tab key

E. Erase what you typed and reboot the router

36. In the following command, what does the 175 mean?

Ip route 150.150.0.0 255.255.0.0 150.150.150.150 175

A. It defines the next hop

B. It defines the administrative distance

C. It means that the update is broadcast

D. Nothing, it is an invalid command

37. What does a router do with a received packet that is destined for an unknown network?

A. Forwards the packet

B. Drops the packet

C. Holds the packet till the next route update

D. Sends a broadcast for the unknown network

38. Which part is the network and which part is the node of the address 7c8.0001.00c8.1234?

A. network: 7c8.0001, node: 00c8.1234

B. network: 7c8, node: 0001.00c8.1234network: 0001.00c8.1234, node: 7c8

39. What are the two types of PDUs used at the Network layer?

D. Amount of delay, counted in 1/18 of a second

42. What are the access list numbers for extended access lists?

A. 1–10

B. 1–99

C. 100–199

D. 1000–1999

43. What does the following command mean? Access-list 110 permit

ip any 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

A. It is a standard IP access list that permits network 0.0.0.0 only

B. It is an extended IP access list that permits network 0.0.0.0 only

C. It is an extended list that permits any host or network

D. It is invalid

44. What is a static VLAN?

A. A VLAN that cannot be renamed or removed

B. A VLAN created by the administrator

C. Ports on the switch assigned to a VLAN by an administrator

D. Ports on the switch assigned to a VLAN by a VTP server

45. Which of the following is true regarding the isdn switch-type command?

A. It can be configured only in global configuration mode

B. It can be configured only from interface configuration

C. It can be configured from either global or interface tion mode

configura-D. It can be used only when you have a TA

46. If your Frame Relay network is congested, what mechanism is used to tell the source device to slow down?

A. HDLC

B. DLCI

C. FECN

D. BECN

47. Which of the following is a method used by Frame Relay for ing PVCs to IP addresses?

51. What command will delete the automatically entered MAC addresses

in the MAC filter table?

A. (config)#delete nvram

B. #delete nvram

C. (config)#clear mac-address-table dynamic

D. #clear mac-address-table dynamic

52. If you want to completely clear all configurations on a 1900 switch, what commands must you type in? (Choose all that apply.)

F. Just reboot the switch

53. If you wanted to view the trunk status on port 27 of a 1900 switch, which command would you use?

A. Show port 27

B. Show trunk

C. Show trunk B

D. Show trunk f0/27

E. Show trunk e0/27

54. What would you type at a 1900 console prompt to see the transmit and receive statistics of VTP?

A. Show vtp stat

B. Show stat

C. Sh vtp domain

Answers to the Assessment Questions

1. B The configuration register is used to tell the router how to load the IOS and configuration The value 0x0101 tells the router to boot from ROM See Chapter 7 for more information about configuration registers

2. D To place a SAP filter on an interface, use the command ipx sap-filter 1010 or ipx output-sap-filter 1010 See Chapter 9 for more information on IPX SAP filters

input-3. D This is a hard question The TE2 is a device that does not stand ISDN standards and uses a four-wire connection The TE2 must connect into a terminal adapter (TA) and then into an NT1 device to

under-be converted to a two-wire network See Chapter 10 for more mation on ISDN

infor-4. C The command hostname (one word) is used to set the name of the router For more information on how to set the hostname of a router, see Chapter 4

5. A Protocol Data Units are used to describe the function of the headers used at each layer of the OSI model At the Data Link layer, framing

is used to encapsulate the data packet with control information for transmission on a local network For more information on PDUs, see Chapter 1

6. A Start by using 256, the subnet mask, which is 256–192=64 The first subnet is 64 The next subnet would be 128 This host is in the

128 subnet, the broadcast address is 191, and the valid host range is

129 through 190 See Chapter 3 for more information on IP addressing

7. B Standard IP access lists use the numbers 1–99 See Chapter 9 for more information about access lists

8. A If you see the line is up, but the protocol is down, you are having

a clocking (keepalive) or framing issue Check the keepalives on both ends to make sure they match; the clock rate is set, if needed; and the encapsulation type is the same on both ends For more information on

9. B, D The commands show protocol and show ipx interface will show you the IPX addresses of an interface See Chapter 8 for more information on IPX networking

10. B Default routes are created by using all 0s in place of the network and mask IDs See Chapter 5 for more information on IP routing

11. B Trunked links carry multiple VLANs across the same link For more information on VLANs, please see Chapter 6

12. C The protocol at the Network layer that finds an IP address from a known Ethernet address is Reverse ARP (RARP) See Chapter 3 for more information on IP protocols

13. C Start by using 256, the subnet mask, which is 256–25=4 The first subnet is 4 The next subnet would be 8, then 12, 16, 20, and 24 The broadcast address is 23, and the valid host range is 21 and 22 See Chapter 3 for more IP addressing information

14. C Start by using 256, the subnet mask, which is 256–224=32 The first subnet is 10.32 The next subnet would be 10.64 This host is in the 10.32 subnet, the broadcast address is 10.63, and the valid host range is 10.33 through 10.62 See Chapter 3 for more IP addressing information

15. C The switch will flood the network with the frame looking for the device For more information on LAN switching, see Chapter 2

16. B The command show ipx interface will show you the IPX RIP and SAP information being sent and received on an individual inter-face See Chapter 8 for more information on IPX

17. B Start by using 256, the subnet mask, which is 256–248=8 The first subnet is 8 The next subnet would be 16, then 24, and then 32 This host

is in the 24 subnet, the broadcast address is 31, and the valid host range

is 25 through 31 See Chapter 3 for more information on IP addressing

18. A Access links connect hosts to a switch and are part of only one