Country Germany France Italy Spain Britain Portugal Japan Korea China Thailand Australia The United States of America Saudi Arabia Brazil Sweden Switzerland Egypt Holland Mexico Russ
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Countries, nationalities and languages
Who speaks what where?
Country Germany France
Italy
Spain Britain
Portugal
Japan Korea China Thailand Australia The United States
of America
Saudi Arabia Brazil Sweden Switzerland
Egypt
Holland Mexico Russia Israel Greece
Turkey
Argentina
The people
Nationality
German French Italian
Spanish
British Portuguese Japanese Korean Chinese Thai Australian American Saudi Arabian Brazilian Swedish Swiss Egyptian Dutch Mexican
Russian
Israeli Greek Turkish
Argentinian
Language German
French Italian Spanish English
Portuguese Japanese Korean Mandarin (also Cantonese)
Thai English English Arabic
Portuguese
Swedish Swiss-German, French, Italian Arabic
Dutch
Spanish
Russian
Hebrew Greek Turkish Spanish
When you are talking about people in general from a particular country, there are some nationalities that you can make plural with an ‘s’, but others can only be formed with the
definite article (and no plural ‘s’):
Brazilians Germans
(The) Italians
Russians Israelis
Note:
are (usually very .)
The British The French The Swiss The Dutch
The Japanese
are (usually very .)
¢ With both groups you can also use the word ‘people’: British people, German people, ete
¢ When you talk about one person from these countries, you need to add woman/man/ person to the group on the right: a Brazilian but a Japanese person; a German but a
Swiss person, etc
English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate)
Trang 241.1
41.3
41.4
41.6
Answer these questions without looking at the opposite page
What language is spoken in Brazil?
What are people from Holland called?
What language is spoken in Saudi Arabia?
What nationality are people from Sweden?
What language is spoken in Mexico?
What are people from Egypt called?
What is the first language in Israel?
Where do people speak Mandarin?
Write down three countries where the first language is English
Write down three languages spoken in Switzerland
Mark the main stress on the words in the box, and practise saying them
Brazilian Chinese
Japanese
Australia
Austria
Arabic Italian
Saudi Arabia
What do you notice about the stress on words ending -ia, -ian, and -ese? Complete these sentences with the name of the people from the country on the right Examples: I’ve worked a lot with @ermans
I’ve spent a lot of time with the French 1 We do a lot of business with
are usually hard-working 3 Ihave always found
4 People often say that
are very organised Complete these sentences 1 Bangkok ¡s the capital of 6
2 Buenos Aires is the capital of
3 Ankara is the capital of 8
4 Seoul ís the capital of 9
5 Cairo is the capital of 0.000000 10 Can you identify these languages? 1 spotenhipiree 4 2 gata a 5 6° 144 4 l1 ta 7 fé1a Gov 8 3 Gao very friendly are reserved on my trip to Athens aozke dag Hola Germany France Japan Israel Brazil Britain Switzerland Greece
Riyadh 1s the capital of
Athens Is the capital of
Tel Aviv is the capital of
Stockholm is the capital of
Lisbon is the capital of
10 Beni swn
1 He; ị
9 Brier
Have you met someone from each of the countries on the opposite page? Go through the list and tick the ones you have
English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 87
Trang 332 The body and what it does
Parts of the body
forehead
body that you
chin neck
Physical actions
You can breathe through your nose or your mouth Most people breathe about 12-15 times a minute
People smile when they’re happy, or to be polite; they laugh when people say something funny; they may cry when they’re sad; they yawn when they’re tired, or bored
Many people nod their head to mean ‘yes’, and shake their head when they mean ‘no’
When you pick up something heavy, you must bend your knees and keep your back straight
Common expressions
fold your arms
comb your hair
bite your nails blow your nose
88 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate)
Trang 442.1
42.2
42.3
42.4
How much of the picture can
you label without looking at the
Page opposite?
What do these actions often mean? (There may be lots of possible answers.)
There are fourteen words
N E C K E I H
English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 89
Trang 5
Describing people’s appearance
General
Positive: beautiful is generally used to describe women; handsome is used to describe men; good-looking is used for both; pretty is another positive word to describe a woman (often a girl) meaning ‘attractive and nice to look at’
Negative: ugly is the most negative word to describe someone; plain is more polite
Height and build
very muscular Note: Another word for slim is thin, but slim has a more positive meaning, e.g John is lovely and slim, but his brother is terribly thin Skinny also has the same meaning but is very negative It is not very polite to say someone is fat; overweight is more neutral and polite
Hair
Wes, a \
Special features
The man on the left has got very pale skin (= white skin)
He also has broad shoulders,
with a small scar at the top of
his left arm The other man has
dark skin He also has a beard and moustache and quite a hairy chest and a tattoo
Asking questions about a person’s appearance
Q: What does she look like? A: She’s quite tall, with short fair hair
Q: How tall is she? A: About 1 metre 65
about 45 kilos
English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate)
Trang 643.1
43.2
43.3
Complete these sentences in a suitable way (More than one answer may be possible.)
1 She% got blonde
2_ He% got very pale
3 They’ve both got curÌy
4 Iwould say he was medium
5 Her brother has got very broad
6 She doesn’t like men with halry
7 Last time I saw him he had grown a
8_ He% gọt very muscular
9 Both men were very BOOd-
10 All of them have got dark
Replace the underlined word in each sentence with a word which is either more suitable or more polite
1 He told me he met a handsome girl in the disco last night
2 She’s beautiful but her younger sister is really quite ugly
3 I think Peter is getting a bit fat, don’t you?
4 Most people want to stay slim, but not as skinny as that girl over there
5 I think she’s hoping she’ll meet a few beautiful men at the tennis club
You want to know about the following:
— someone’s general appearance
— their height
~— their weight
What questions do you need to ask? Complete these questions
What 0.0 cccccccccceccecceccecseeecseeeeeeseeeeess ?
HOW Q.2 20c nh nhe ?
How much 2.22 se, ?
Now answer these questions
How tall are you?
How would you describe your build?
How much do you weigh?
What kind of hair have you got?
What colour is it?
Would you like it to be different? If so, what would you like?
Do you think you have any special features?
Are there any special features you would like to have?
Do you like beards?
Can you think of a famous woman you would describe as beautiful, and a famous man you would describe as good-looking?
If possible, ask another person these questions
English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 91
Trang 744 Describing character
92
Opposites
Many positive words describing character have clear opposites with a negative meaning
Jane is very tense at the moment because of her exams, but she’s usually quite relaxed and easy-going about most things
I think the weather influences me a lot: when it’s sunny I feel more cheerful and optimistic; but when it’s cold and raining I get very miserable
He seemed a bit unfriendly at first, but now I’ve got to know him I realise he’s very warm and kind
The shop assistant told me that the dress I tried on looked better on people younger than
me I thought that was very insensitive of her, but at least she was being honest, I
suppose
Character in action
People often talk about qualities of character that you may need in a work situation Again, some of these words come in pairs of opposites: one positive and one negative
punctual (=always on time) not very punctual; always late
Some pairs of opposites do not have a particularly positive or negative meaning:
He is very shy when you first meet him because he finds it difficult to talk to people and make conversation; but when he knows people quite well he’s much more self-confident, People often say the British are very reserved (= do not show their feelings), but when you get to know them they can be very emotional like anyone else
Using nouns
Some important qualites are expressed through nouns
One of her great qualities is that she uses her initiative (= she can think for herself and take
the necessary action; she does not need to wait for orders all the time)
That boy has got no common sense (= he does stupid things and doesn’t think what he is doing) His sister, on the other hand, is very sensible (= has lots of common sense)
English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate)
Trang 844.i
44.2
44.3
44.4
44.5
Organise these words into pairs of opposites and put them in the columns below
What prefix forms the opposite of each of these words? (You need three different prefixes.)
How would you describe the person in each of these descriptions?
1 He never bought me a drink all the time we were together
I have to tell her what to do every minute of the working day She wouldn’t even open a window without someone’s permission
He often promises to do things but half the time he forgets
She’s always here on time
I don’t think he’s done any work since he’s been here
She finds it difficult to meet people and talk to strangers
He could work in any of the departments, and it doesn’t matter to him if he’s on his own
or part of a team
8 One of the great things about her is that she is so(fware oồw hat other people think or
9 Bob, on the other hand, is the complete opposite He is always making people angry or upset because he just doesn’t consider their feelings
10 The other thing about Bob is that he really wants to get the supervisor’s job and then become boss for the whole department
What nouns can be formed from these adjectives? Use a dictionary to help you
Example: kind kindness
Choose three words from the opposite page which describe you Is there one quality you do not have but would like to have? What, in your opinion, is the worst quality described on the opposite page? If possible, compare your answers with a friend
English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 93
Trang 945 Human feelings and actions
Feelings
love (# hate) _
embarrassment embarrassed/embarrassing (see Unit 30) Note:
© Pride has different meanings, but the most common is the feeling of satisfaction you have because you (or people you are connected with) have done something well
He was very proud when his wife became the first President of the organisation
* Jealousy is a feeling of anger and unhappiness you may have if (a) someone you love shows a lot of interest in others, or (b) if someone has something you want / don’t have a) My boyfriend gets very jealous when I talk to other boys
b) He’s jealous of his brother because his brother is more intelligent and makes more money
¢ A common adjective is upset, which means unhappy, sad, and even angry, because something unpleasant has happened, e.g He was very upset when we didn’t invite him
Ways of
Ways of speaking whisper (v, n) (= speak very quietly)
shout (v, n) (= speak in a very loud voice)
Ways of looking stare (v, n) ( = look at someone/something in a fixed way for a long time)
glance (at) (v, n) (= look at someone or something very quickly)
Ways of walking
stroll (v, n) (= walk in a slow casual way)
march (v, n) (= walk quickly and with a clear purpose/reason)
Things we do with our hands
wave (goodbye)
A LS)
point (at sth./sb.) press (a button) punch someone
94 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate)
Trang 104§ What nouns can be formed from these adjectives?
43.2 Find the logical ending on the right for each of the sentence beginnings on the left
He was very proud when
He was very jealous when
He was very embarrassed when
He was very angry when
He was very sad when
He was very frightened when
someone stole his money
his father appeared on TV with the Prime Minister
he heard that his aunt had died
he saw those big dogs running towards him
he bought her a birthday present on the wrong day his best friend went out with the girl he really liked
1 Would you feel embarrassed or upset (or both) if you forgot your mother’s birthday or your father’s birthday?
Do you ever feel frightened in a car (as a passenger) because you are going very fast?
Do you get angry when other people want you to do things that you don’t want to do?
If you made a stupid mistake in English, would you feel embarrassed?
Is there any one thing that you are very proud of?
Are there any common situations where you sometimes feel embarrassed?
43.5 Replace the underlined words with a single verb that has the same meaning
She stopped working and looked quickly at the clock
As we were in the library, he spoke very quietly in my ear
We walked casually along the beach and then stopped for a drink
He made us all walk quickly up the hill
The man kept looking at Susan, but she didn’t seem to notice
Jim doesn’t know what happened, except that the man hit him hard on the side of his face
English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 95