Lesson Regulatory and spectrum aspects of 5G technology

Lesson Regulatory and spectrum aspects of 5G technology present 5G technology; mobile wireless generati; spectrum bands used for 4G in India; overview of timeline for imt development and deployment....

S T Abbas Advisor (NSL), Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

Regulatory and 

Spectrum As pects  of 5G 

Technology

Technology

2

Mobile Wireless Generations

Upcoming Fifth Generation(5G)

The 1st Generation

§ Incompatible standards (like AMPS,NTT)

§ International roaming impossible

§ No commercialization

§ Low Capacity, Unreliable Handoff &

Security Issues

The 3rd Generation Technology (3G)

4G in India • All the 4 Telecom Service providers in India are providing extensive 4G services

• We are getting the data download speed maximum upto 10 Mbps with average download speed at 6.5 Mbps on the existing 4G network.

• 4G LTE network works on end to end IP protocol with Evolved Packet Core (EPC) as IP Core.

• Therefore, Voice over LTE (VoLTE) protocol is used to provide voice services over 4G LTE network

• When the signal strength of 4G network is low, the voice call falls back on existing 3G and 2G network of the operator, which is called Circuit Switched Fallback (CS Fallback) option

Evolution to

5G

Overview of Timeline for IMT Development and

Deployment

Development of IMT-2000 (3G)

Development of IMT-Advanced (4G)

Visio n

Development

of IMT-2020 (5G) Vision

Deployment of IMT-2000 (3G)

Deployment of IMT-Advanced (4G)

Deployment of IMT-2020 (5G)

2015 IMT-2020 Vision ITU-R M.2083

2003 Vision ITU-R M.1645

2012 IMT- Advanced M.2012 (1st Release)

2020 IMT-2020

5 years

5G Timeline

Source: Report on 5G by Deloitte & CII

5G use case categories

ITU categorized 5G use cases into three

different

classes-• enhanced mobile broadband

(eMBB): It addresses the

human-centric use cases for access to

multi-media content, services and data.

• massive machine-type

communication (mMTC): These use

cases are characterized by a very

large number of connected devices.

• ultra-reliable, low-latency

communications (UR-LLC): These

are critical use cases that have

stringent performance requirements.

KPI for 3 Use Case category

5G use cases and related KPIs

4G Broadband vs 5G Broadband

5G internet is up to 20x faster than 4G LTE speeds

5G Enablers

• new bands (3.5 GHz, mmWave)

• large bandwidth to support high data rates

• efficient use of spectrum through spectrum sharing techniques such as LAA, LSA

• use of unlicensed band for offloading the traffic

• Network densification through small cells

• New Front haul , Mid haul, Back haul solutions

• Massive MIMO antenna (beam forming)

• Distributed Network

• Edge computing to support low latency application

• Distributed Network

• Cloud based RAN

• Control & User plane separation

5G use case s

Split Functions in 5G RAN

New Radio (NR) transport

architecture, the main

change is that the original

BBU function in 4G/LTE is

split into three parts: Central

Unit (CU), Distributed Unit

(DU), and Remote Radio

Unit (RRU)

redesign is manifold For

example, the new design

could better facilitate radio

access network (RAN)

virtualization

fronthaul line rates, while

meeting latency demands

Fronthaul, Midhaul & Backhaul

• Many parameters are configured per bandwidth part

UP

Beamforming

Beamforming through Massive MIMO

and phase, which combine to

create a single antenna with

a longer, more targeted

stream which is formed by

reinforcing the waves in a

specific direction

The same signal is sent from

multiple antennas that have

sufficient space between

them (at least ½ wavelength)

Network Slicing - Network as a Service (NaaS)

• With network slicing, a physical network infrastructure can be partitioned into

multiple virtual networks, allowing the operator to provide a specific kind of support

to a specific customer segment

• This provides an opportunity to the operator to have a flexible and dynamic

network configuration based on the customer’s requirement instead of a

One-size-fits-all architecture

• By providing a custom network suiting the requirements of the underlying traffic, the

operator can deliver the best customer experience It enables them to offer their

network as a service to customers and enterprises

• The shift to automate processes in high-tech manufacturing (Industry 4.0) depends

on low-latency connectivity to satisfy precision thresholds and real-time analytics 5G network slice can offer a guaranteed QoS to factory owners However, achieving that kind of latency in practice will likely require edge computing infrastructure where cloud servers sit in close proximity to (or even inside) factories

Integration of Non- 3GPP access networks

5G Spectrum Range

• 5G needs spectrum within three key frequency ranges to deliver widespread coverage and support all use cases

• Coverage & capacity layer

• mMTC (no deep coverage), eMBB, URLLC

3 Above 6 GHz

• Supper data layer

• Supports high data rates

• eMBB, URLLC

Spectrum Bands Used in India

Band Uplink Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Total SpectrumDownlink Spectrum earmared for access services 3GPP band no. Duplexing Scheme

700 MHz 703 -748 MHz 758-803 MHz 45 + 45 35 + 35 28 FDD

800 MHz 824-844 MHz 869-889 MHz 20 + 20 20 + 20 5 FDD 900MHz 890-915 MHz 935-960 MHz 25 + 25 25 + 25 8 FDD

System (IRNSS)

(i) TDD Duplexing scheme

(ii) Barring the specific locations where ISRO is using the 25 MHz of spectrum, the entire spectrum from 3300 MHz to 3600

MHz should be made available for access services

3GPP Spectrum Bands for 5G

World Radiocommunicati

on

Conference-2019

WRC-19 agenda item 1.13 - To consider identification of frequency bands for the future development of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), including possible

additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis, in accordance with Resolution 238 (WRC-15)

Frequency bands for IMT-2020 and beyond:

WRC-19 These Frequencies requires a new allocation to mobile

services-31.8-33.4 GHz, 40.5-42.5 GHz and 47-47.2 GHz

Even though not part of Agenda Item 1.13, some countries are proceeding with other bands specially for 5G services (IMT-2020), termed as 28 GHz band:-

• US: 27.5 - 28.35 GHz

• Korea: 26.5 - 29.5 GHz

• Japan: 27.5 - 29.5 GHz

Key 5G Spectrum : High Frequencies

US 27.5­28.35 GHz

Egypt, Bahrain, Russia 24.25 ­ 27.5 GHz

Korea, Brazil, Sweden 26.5 – 29.5 GHz

Additional spectrum bands under

29.5 GHz

Global

Currently used bands for IMT

mmWave

bands to be decided in

WRC-19

700 MHz, 3.5 GHz, 26/28 GHz are the 5G pioneer bands

5G Fixed Wireless Access

(FWA)

• FWA also offers an opportunity to double the impact of a 5G deployment by addressing the two prominent 5G use cases – MBB and fixed wireless – simultaneously

• The 5G beams that serve mobile users outdoors during the daytime can be redirected to an FWA terminal when people return home in the evening, thereby strengthening the case for 5G deployment and its outlook as an affordable and sustainable technology

Verizon 5G Homes

• Verizon’s 5G fixed wireless

access (FWA) services

called Verizon 5G Home

was commercially

launched in October 2018

in 4 US markets

• User can expect ultrafast

internet speeds of around

300 Mbps using the new

5G Home service and

depending on the location,

maximum speeds up to

940 Mbps

Regulatory

challenges

• RoW for Small cell deployment

• Availability of Backhaul

• Licensing Issues

• Network Security & QoS

• The low band (700 MHz) and mid band (3.5 GHz) have already been identified in India for IMT services.

• In 5G vision, the spectrum availability is one of the most important issues

• In order to realize the potential of 5G technology; it is important to estimate how much spectrum is required in India for coverage, capacity, performance and connections for all 5G use cases till

2020 and beyond

• Sufficient amount of harmonized spectrum needs to be allotted for 5G technologies in order to promote innovations in

this field.

RoW for Small Cell Deployment

• To provide high system capacity and high per-user data rates, 5G network will require

densification of the radio access network By increasing the number of cells, the traffic handling capacity per square-meter can be increased without requiring a corresponding increase in the traffic handling capacity per network node

• Coming down from the macro tower, operators are deploying small cells and other

integrated radio/antenna units for driving network densification and preparing to deliver 5G

• Getting RoW at reasonable prices as well as in a reasonable period of time is a requisite for deploying small cell

pre-• The local authorities generally take a long time in granting permission for RoW and, in a number of cases; TSPs have to approach multiple agencies for obtaining RoW clearance

• This issue needs to be addressed at the earliest then only TSPs will be able to enhance their network and provide 5G services in India together with global launch

Availability of

Backhaul Spectrum

• Challenge of providing backhaul from the small cell to the core network is one of the major

factors holding up the proliferation of small cells

• Though Optical Fiber is the most preferred medium for the backhaul, availability of Optical Fiber in the country is still inadequate

• Majority of the traffic from macro cells are still backhauled to core network through Microwave only Microwave does not have the matching capacity of Optical Fiber However, it is cheaper, scalable and a highly reliable option and can be deployed quickly

• Therefore, it is the dominating backhaul technology in the majority of cell sites in the pre-aggregation segment of backhaul.

E-Band Spectrum

• More spectrum is required not just for radio access, but for microwave backhaul

as well.

• There is a need to augment the backhaul capacity requirements to cater

high throughput needs that will be generated by roll-out of future

technologies A good 5G network cannot be expected unless we have a high

capacity backhaul.

• Regulators world over are opening up higher frequency bands, such as V-band (60GHz) and E-band (70/80 GHz) to satisfy the high-capacity backhaul

requirements of future networks.

• TRAI through its Recommendations dated 29th August 2014 on “Allocation and pricing of Microwave Access (MWA) and Microwave Backbone (MWB) RF

carriers” has recommended that E-band (71-76 paired with 81-86GHz) should be

on light-licensing and allocated at very nominal price on ‘link to link basis’

• The industry analysts believes that once E-band gets open in India with

low-spectrum fee approach, like in most countries, India will become the world’s

largest E-band market

Licensing

issues

• As the technology is changing, new services are opening up and new use cases are blooming rapidly across the various Industry verticals It may be a

situation, wherein the existing licensing and regulatory norms may not be explicitly

supporting/permitting such new services/use cases

• It is important to figure out the changes required

on the licensing/regulatory regime to not only

permit or support but also facilitate the proliferation

of new services and new use cases

• Some key licensing

issues-Ø Deployment of network elements on the Cloud

Ø Security over cloud

Ø Sharing of active & passive infrastructure

Ø Sectoral regulation

• It is imperative that the digital platforms used today are secure and should ensure confidentiality, integrity and authenticity This will instill a feeling of security amongst the

citizens and will motivate them to use the networks without the fear of their data and information getting compromised

• Since large portion of data flows through the telecom networks, it

is necessary to examine the issue of privacy and security of data

in telecom networks and the measures that need to be adopted

to ensure the privacy and security of data of telecom consumers.

• In this regard, TRAI has issued recommendations on 16th July

2018 on "Privacy security and Ownership of data in the Telecom sector"

• To achieve these ambitious QoS values there is tremendous work being done on 5G MIMO antennas, 5G Cloud RAN and the NFV core network.

• Further, the technique which is unique to 5G helps in achieving

the QoS guarantees to a large extent is slicing of 5G network

functions (RAN and Core) so that network and service

resources can be dedicated and negotiated (scaling in, scaling out) dynamically.

• Software Defined Network (SDN) also helps in delivering the desired QoS

THANK YOU