Lesson Regulatory and spectrum aspects of 5G and IoT/M2M

Lesson Regulatory and spectrum aspects of 5G and IoT/M2M Unique characteristics of Indian telecom industry; machine to machine (M2M) communications-trends; IoT/M2M applications; IoT in healthcare; IoT in financial services...

Regulatory and

Spectrum Aspects

of 5G and IoT/M2M

Syed Tausif Abbas

Telecom Regulatory Authority of

India

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Unique Characteristics of Indian Telecom Industry§ Approximately 1.32 billion people in India.

§ Country divided in to 22 licence service

Million

§ Urban Internet Subscribers per

100 population:

88.26

§ Rural Internet Subscribers per

100 population:

21.76

Enormous Size

Telecom Financial Data

§ Gross Revenue during the quarter: Rs 57,827 Crore

§ ARPU: Rs 72.50

Very competitive Pricing

§ Very Competitive Market.

§ Tariffs are amongst the lowest in the world

§ Wireless subscribers: 1,169.29 Million

§ Urban Teledensity: 156.23

§ Rural Teledensity: 58.49

Wireless Penetration

Data Usage of Mobile Users

§ Data Usage per subscriber per month

– GSM (2G+3G+4G LTE+CDMA): 8.32

GB

Source: TRAI’s performance indicator report ()

• M2M uses a device (such as a sensor or meter) to capture an event, which is

relayed through a network (wireless, wired or hybrid) to an application, that translates the captured event into

meaningful information

• Machines can be connected through host of media depending upon the requirements e.g wired, wireless (Wi-FI, Bluetooth, 2G/3G/4G, PLC, Satellite etc.)

• M2M is a subset of Internet of Things (IoT) IoT comprises M2M and H2M (Human to Machine) communication.

(M2M)  Communications

­Trends Ø Global M2M connections have increased  with 37.6% CAGR annually for the last 

five years. 

Ø By 2020 it is expected that the number of  connected M2M devices could be 

anywhere from 20 billion to 100 billion.

Ø In India, the Government’s vision of  setting up 100 smart cities, Intelligent  transport system, Digital India program  etc is expected to ignite proliferation of  M2M communication market in India

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• Fully automatic communication of data from remote devices (or with limited human intervention)

• Relatively simple devices that can either

be static (e.g smart meters) or mobile (e.g M2M devices integrated in connected cars)

• Low volume traffic, often with sporadic or irregular patterns However, IoT/M2M applications have already emerged and/or might emerge in the future that transmits data in greater volumes, especially if demand for video-based services increases (e.g automatic analysis of surveillance video streams, alarm systems)

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• Many M2M services are provided via devices designed and produced for the world market and for usage based

replacement may be relatively high

• In most cases, the business model is B2B, even if devices may be aimed at consumers (B2B2C) The business model is usually not B2C.

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IoT/M2M

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There are different ways in which IoT/M2M  services could be implemented: 

ØDifferent connectivity technologies may be  used and, in the case of wireless services,  different spectrum bands may be used. 

ØM2M services may use different protocols 

to deliver their data. They may be based on  the IP protocol but could also use SMS,  USSD and/or automatic calls. 

ØAn M2M device is addressed via an  identifier (e.g. number(s), IP­address). 

However, not all M2M devices need global  identifiers (e.g. those that are not 

connected to public networks). 

Standards

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World’s eight leading Standards Development Organizations  (SDOs) have formed a partnership to develop specifications to  ensure the global functionality of M2M, allowing a range of  industries to effectively utilize the M2M technology. 

oneM2M is the partnership of the following major ICT SDOs:

Ø Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB)

Ø Telecommunication Technology Committee (TTC) of  Japan

Ø Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions  (ATIS)

Ø Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) of the  USA

Ø China Communications Standards Association (CCSA)

Ø European Telecommunications Standards Institute  (ETSI)

Ø Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) of  Korea

Ø Telecom Standards Development Society – India  (TSDSI)

Health care Remote monitoring of patient after surgery (e-health), remote diagnostics,

medication reminders, Tele-medicine, wearable health devicesSafety & Surveillance Women Safety Bands, Commercial and home security monitoring,

Surveillance applications, Fire alarm, Police / medical alertFinancial /Retail Point of sale (POS), ATM, Kiosk, Vending machines, digital signage and

handheld terminals

Public Safety Highway, bridge, traffic management, homeland security, police, fire and

emergency services

Smart City Intelligent transport System, Waste management, Street Light control system,

Water distribution, Smart ParkingAgriculture Remotely controlled irrigation pump, Remote Monitoring of Soil Data

IoT Projections

• According to Ericsson mobility report

2018, there are now over 17.5 Billion connected devices in the world This figure is estimated to rise to 31.4

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IoT Benefits

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• IoT has potential to bring substantial social and economic benefits to governments, citizens, end-users and businesses through increase in

competitiveness, improvements

in service delivery, optimal use

of scarce resources as well as creation of new jobs thus changing life of billions by using trillions of devices.

IoT in Smart Cities

• The Internet of Things (IoT) offers

new opportunities for cities to use

data to manage traffic, cut pollution,

make better use of infrastructure and

keep citizens safe.

• IoT will produce data that can enable

optimized productivity across

industries, create truly smart cities

with smart grids, smart transport

systems and smart homes, bring in

efficiency in delivering health

services, improve agricultural yields,

offer personalized customer

experience and enhance public

safety

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IoT in

HEALTHCA

RE

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together data from disparate devices

ambulance through real time data transfer

insurance claim and admission for insured persons

• Sensors placed in fields allow farmers to obtain detailed maps

of both the topography and resources in the area, as well

as variables such as acidity, humidity and temperature of the soil

• Farmers can access climate forecasts to predict weather patterns in the coming days and weeks

assess the maturity of produce

• Connected equipment with GPS, monitoring and electronic controls to help farmers

• Remote sensors to help farmers monitor vitals such as humidity, air, temperature, soil, etc.

• Geo-fencing of livestock, along with

irrigation scheduling and pump control

IoT in EDUCATION

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Importance of

IoT in

EDUCATION

more efficient for professors

information through e-learning

experience

IoT in

Financial

Services • The increased use of devices by

customers has led to increase in IoT data Banks are converting the IoT data into valuable

information and thus, are increasing their market share and providing better services to their customers.

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Importance of

IoT in Financial Services

• Effortless no touch cashless payment using RFID scanner

• Use sensors and analytics to gather more information about customers and offer more personalized services

• Banks can have a more vivid picture of the consumer, understanding how they move and where they spend money which will allow banks to make more accurate lending decisions

• Insurer can assess real usage patterns

of the insured device and can set rules

to remotely block behavior excluded by the policy

• Can analyze the usage of ATM in

specific areas and increase/decrease the installation of ATMs as well as plan replenishment of cash based on usage volumes

• Use IoT data in predicting fraud in debit/credit card transactions

Spectrum bands suitable for  IoT/M2M communications

Spectrum

Ø In licensed approach, M2M can be deployed in any 

harmonised mobile networks band, including 700MHz,  800MHz and 900MHz.

Ø In 700 MHz band ECC Decision considers M2M as a 

national option in the 733­736MHz and 788­791MHz  ranges (2x3 MHz).

Ø 700 MHz band is a sought after band for LTE 

deployment around the world due to its efficiency and  propagation characteristics.

Ø In one of its recommendations TRAI has recommended 

the adoption of 3GPP Band­28 of APT700 band plan for 

700 MHz (698­806 MHz) spectrum band with FDD based  2x45 MHz frequency arrangement with 10 MHz center  gap.

Ø For efficient utilization of the center gap of 10 MHz (748­

758 MHz), technical feasibility of utilizing a portion of  center gap for M2M (in TDD) can be explored while  keeping interference issues in mind

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Ø ISM Band (2.4 / 5.8 GHz) is being used worldwide for M2M communication, however there is a  need for identification of additional bands due to scale of deployment of M2M/IoT devices.

1 433-434 MHz Maximum Effective Radiated Power: 10mW

Maximum Channel Bandwidth: 10KHz

Indoor applications

2 865-867 MHz

Maximum Transmitted power: 1W Maximum Effective Radiated Power: 4W Maximum Channel Bandwidth: 200KHz

Any low power device or

equipmentUnlicensed spectrum

spectrum Ø TEC’s report on “Spectrum requirement 

for PLC and low power RF  communications” projects a spectrum  requirement of 10­12 MHz for low power 

RF devices.

Ø V­band is a strong candidate band which 

is de­licensed in many countries. TRAI has  also recommended for its delicensing.

Ø TRAI earmarked several Sub­GHz bands 

in it’s Consultation Paper for  consideration for IoT/M2M deployment.

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Ø In WRC­15 this issue was extensively deliberated and  discussed in WP5D of ITU­R during WRC­15 cycle. 

Ø The outcome was Recommendation ITU­R  M.2083­0 which 

 is on “IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of  the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond”. 

Ø Based on this vision document and work in Working Party  5D (WP5D), WRC­15 decided to study the spectrum needs of  IMT­2020 (commonly known as 5G) vide Agenda Item 1.13  (of WRC­19) Resolution 238. 

Ø Similarly, MTC (Machine Type Communication – commonly  referred to as M2M/IoT) requirements were also needed to 

be studied by WP5D vide Agenda item 9.1.8 (of WRC­19)  in  the Annex to Resolution 958

Ø This focus group has been named as Task Group 5/1 (TG5/1). 

Ø Based on the work plan decided for MTC studies by WP5D, it is learnt that the work on technical 

requirements and frequency requirements will start from June 2017 meeting onwards keeping 30th Meeting of WP5D (June 2018) as target meeting to finalize its input and submitting them to CPM. 

Ø Some work on identification of spectrum for MTC/IoT/M2M will also commence from 27th Meeting of WP5D (June 2017)

• For short range communication from devices to access point, it is better to use unlicensed spectrum to

encourage the device eco-system.

Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) radio technology standard developed by 3GPP to enable a wide range of cellular devices and services The specification was frozen in 3GPP Release 13 (LTE Advanced Pro), in June 2016 Other 3GPP IoT technologies include eMTC (enhanced Machine-Type Communication) and EC-GSM-IoT.

• NB-IoT focuses specifically on indoor coverage, low cost, long battery life, and high connection density NB- IoT uses a subset of the LTE standard, but limits the bandwidth to a single narrow-band of 200kHz It uses OFDM modulation for downlink communication and SC-FDMA for uplink communications.30

• LTE-M, industry shorthand for “Long-Term Evolution (LTE) machine-type communications (MTC),” is a LPWA technology standard introduced by 3GPP in Release 13 As described by the GSMA, it is a 5G technology that supports simplified device complexity, massive connection density, low device power consumption, low latency and it provides extended coverage, while allowing the reuse of the LTE installed base

• LTE-M deployment can be done “in-band” within a normal LTE carrier, or “standalone” in a dedicated spectrum It leverages LTE spread spectrum technology, which is free It serves a broad set of use cases providing an attractive option for device manufacturers looking to deploy on current cellular networks.

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• EC-GSM-IoT stands for Extended Coverage GSM IoT This is a low-power wide area (LPWA) cellular technology based on eGPRS and designed as a high capacity, long range, low energy cellular system for IoT applications EC-GSM-IoT can be deployed on existing GSM networks with a simple software update This will allow for EC-GSM-IoT networks to co-exist with 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks

• It will also benefit from all the security and privacy mobile network features, such as support for user identity confidentiality, entity authentication, confidentiality, data integrity, and mobile equipment identification Since this technology can be activated by

a simple software update on existing GSM networks, deployment will be very easy and will be able to have wide coverage.

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Role of policy makers in

• The IoT ecosystem is composed of a large number of diverse players,

deploying innovative services across different networks, technologies and devices

• Providing clarity and consistency of regulation for equivalent services, as well as policies that enable growth, will play a significant role in fully capturing its opportunity to stimulate this market

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the concept and potential of IoT/M2M communication.

Internet of Things' which focuses on the following objectives:

USD 15 billion by 2020

(Human & Technology) for IoT specific skill-sets for domestic and international markets

for all the assisting technologies

Indian needs in all possible domains.

Telecom M2M Roadmap” with the aim to have interoperable standards, policies and

regulations in the country.

reports on M2M detailing sector specific requirements/use cases to carry out gap analysis and future action plans with possible models of service delivery.

POLICIES AND INITIATIVES (2/2)

• Separate 13 Digit M2M Mobile Numbering Plan has been finalized for SIM based M2M devices

• DoT in consultation with stakeholders has been working to finalize KYC/subscriber verification criteria in M2M scenario.

• In May 2016, DoT has issued draft guidelines for registration mechanism for M2M Service Providers

• DoT has constituted an Apex body on M2M incorporating participation from Ministries and other Govt departments

• In order to bring M2M industry concerns and regulatory bottlenecks to the notice of Apex body, DoT has constituted M2M Consultative Committee incorporating representatives from Standardising bodies and sectoral industry representative bodies

• In order to support implementation of actionable points evolved from National Telecom M2M Roadmap, M2M Review Committee has been formed by DoT.

• In May 2018, DoT issued instructions for implementing restrictive features for SIMs used only for M2M communication services (M2M SIMs) and related KYC instructions for issuing M2M SIMs to entity

/organization providing M2M communication services under bulk category and instructions for

embedded-SIMs (e-SIMs).